I find this deeply unconvincing. A study from University of Cambridge on musical preferences which argues ‘music could play a greater role in overcoming social division’. It claims:
Research involving more than 350,000 participants from over 50 countries and six continents has found that links between musical preferences and personality are universal.
And here’s more:
Ed Sheeran’s song Shivers is as likely to appeal to extraverts living in the UK as those living in Argentina or India.
Those with neurotic traits in the US are as likely to be into Nirvana’s Smells like Teen Spirit as people with a similar personality living in Denmark or South Africa.
Agreeable people the world over will tend to like Marvin Gaye’s What’s Going On, or Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper’s Shallow.
National borders cannot stop open people from replaying David Bowie’s Space Oddity or Nina Simone.
It does not matter where a conscientious person lives, they are unlikely to enjoy Rage Against the Machine …
And:
Across the world, without significant variation, the researchers found the same positive correlations between extraversion and contemporary music; between conscientiousness and unpretentious music; between agreeableness and mellow and unpretentious music; and between openness and mellow, contemporary, intense and sophisticated music.
Don’t all these labels seem deeply subjective?
Here’s the methodology:
How the study worked
Greenberg and his colleagues used two different musical preference assessment methods to assess an unprecedented number of participants living in more than 50 countries.
The first required people to self-report the extent to which they liked listening to 23 genres of music as well as completing the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and providing demographic information.
The second used a more advanced approach and asked participants to listen to short audio clips from 16 genres and subgenres of Western music on the musicaluniverse.io website and then give their preferential reactions to each.
The researchers focused on Western music primarily because it is the most listened to globally and results based on Western music offer the strongest potential to be applied in real-world and therapeutic settings globally.
The researchers used the MUSIC model, a widely accepted framework for conceptualizing musical preferences, which identifies five key musical styles:
- ‘Mellow’ (featuring romantic, slow, and quiet attributes as heard in soft rock, R&B, and adult contemporary genres)
- ‘Unpretentious’ (uncomplicated, relaxing, and unaggressive attributes as heard in country genres)
- ‘Sophisticated’ (inspiring, complex, and dynamic features as heard in classical, operatic, avant-garde, and traditional jazz genres)
- ‘Intense’ (distorted, loud, and aggressive attributes as heard in classic rock, punk, heavy metal, and power pop genres)
- ‘Contemporary’ (rhythmic, upbeat, and electronic attributes as heard in the rap, electronica, Latin, and Euro-pop genres)
I’m no great fan of Barbara Ellen in the Guardian but she does make a solid point here.
While the study doesn’t claim to be definitive, how strange to be allotted only one personality trait/genre each. It sounds like Colour Me Beautiful for music. “What sound best goes with my personality? Did you bring along swatches?” Certainly, back when I worked for the New Musical Express, journalists, musicians and readers alike resisted being wrangled into such rigid categories.
And;
Most half-serious music fans would consider their tastes eclectic. Which seems more feasible than a distinct personality type exclusively cleaving to one genre, and this being faithfully replicated across the globe. The idea of, say, an English person, an Argentinian and a South African, separately thinking: “I feel alienated. I will signal that by performatively listening to Nirvana’s Nevermind. For ever!” To me, this is not how people are. This is not how music works.
I think that’s about right. Most people I know who are into music seem to like a range of genres. I’ve always enjoyed talking to outwardly strong heavy metal fans about the intricacies of Goth or some other genre that would seem to be clearly distinct from metal. And similarly with other fans who might like Jazz and Henry Rollins or whatever. It’s that dislocation/unity of taste that makes for interest. It’s precisely why comments under the This Weekends I’ll Mostly Be Listening posts are so informative – because it widens the musical map.
And there’s so many factors above and beyond the music itself to consider. Ellen notes age, sex, background. Let’s throw in class, environment, access to music, broader context and whether local/folk styles are dominant or not and so on and so on.
There’s just so much. And in fairness to Ellen she notes another truth. Some people just don’t like music, aren’t interested in it and that’s entirely okay.
I’m all for analysis of music, the more the better, but rather than reductive approaches what I suspect are most useful are those that broaden the engagement.