The Kingdom of Kush: An African Centre on the Periphery of the Bronze Age World System

References (81)

1. Abu-Lughod, J. 1989. Before European Hegemony. The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford University Press, New York.
2. Algaze, G. 1989. The Uruk expansion -cross- cultural exchange in Early Mesopotamian civilization. Current Anthropology 30, 571-608.
3. Algaze, G. 1993. Expansionary dynamics of some early pristine states. American Anthropologist 95(2), 304-333.
4. Anfinset, N. 2005. Secondary products, pastoral nomads and the introduction of metal. The 5th and 4th millennia BC in the Southern Levant and Northeast Africa. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Bergen.
5. Arkell, A. J. 1955. A History of the Sudan. From the Earliest Times to 1821. Athlone Press, London.
6. Barrett, J. C. 1998. The politics of scale and the experience of distance. The Bronze Age World System. In Larsson, L. & Stjernquist, B. (eds). The World-View of Prehistoric Man, pp. 13-25. Kunglige Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm.
7. Bietak, M. 1991. Egypt and Canaan in the Middle Bronze Age. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 281, 27-72.
8. Blanton, R. & Feinman, G. 1984. The Mesoamer- ican World System. American Anthropologist 86, 673-682.
9. Bonnet, C. 1983. Kerma. An African Kingdom of the 2nd and 3rd millennia B.C. Archaeology 36(6), 38-45.
10. Bonnet, C. 1986. Les fouilles archéologiques de Kerma (Soudan). Genava 34, 5-20.
11. Bonnet, C. 1992. Excavations at the Nubian royal town of Kerma. 1975-91. Antiquity 66, 611-625.
12. Bonnet, C. 2004. The Kerma Culture. In Welsby, D. A. & Anderson, J. R. (eds). Sudan -Ancient Treasures. An Exhibition of Recent Discoveries from the Sudan National Museum, pp. 70-82. The British Museum Press, London.
13. Bonnet, C. & Valbelle, D. 2006. The Nubian Pharaos. Black Kings on the Nile. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo.
14. Bourriau, J. 2000. The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BC). In Shaw, I. (ed.). The
15. Bourriau, J. 2004. Egyptian pottery found in Kerma Ancien, Kerma Moyen and Kerma Classique graves at Kerma. In Kendall, T. (ed.). Nubian Studies 1998. Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the International Society of Nubian Studies. Department of African- American Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
16. Breasted, J. H. 1962 [1906]. Ancient Records of Egypt, Vol. 1. Russell & Russell, New York.
17. Callender, G. 2000. The Middle Kingdom Renais- sance. In Shaw, I. (ed.). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, pp. 148-183. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18. Chase-Dunn, C. & Hall, T. D. (eds) 1991. Core/ Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
19. Chase-Dunn, C. & Hall, T. D. 1994. The histori- cal evolution of world-systems. Sociological Inquiry 64(3), 257-280.
20. Connah, G. 2001 [1987].
21. African Civilizations. An Archaeological Perspective. Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Cambridge.
22. Davies, V. W. 2003. Kush in Egypt. A new histor- ical inscription. Sudan & Nubia 7, 52-54.
23. Denemark, R. A., Friedman, J., Gills, B. K. & Modelski, G. 2000. An introduction to world system history. Towards a social science of long- term change. In Denemark, R. A., Friedman, J., Gills, B. K. & Modelski, G. (eds). World System History. The Social Science of Long-term Change, pp. xv-xxii. Routledge, London.
24. Dietler, M. 1998. Consumption, agency, and cul- tural entanglement. Theoretical implications of a Mediterranean colonial encounter. In Cusick, J. G. (ed.). Studies in Culture Contact. Interac- tion, Culture Change, and Archaeology, pp. 288- 315. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
25. Edens, C. 1992. Dynamics of trade in the Ancient Mesopotamian World System. American Anthropologist 94(1), 118-139.
26. Edens, C. M. & Kohl, P. L. 1993. Trade and world system in Early Bronze Age Western Asia. In Scarre, C. & Healy, F. (eds). Trade and Exchange in Prehistoric Europe, pp. 17-34. Oxbow Books, Oxford.
27. Edwards, D. 1998. Meroe and the Sudanic Kingdoms. Journal of African History 39, 175-193.
28. Edwards, D. 2004. The Nubian Past. An Archaeol- ogy of the Sudan. Routledge, London.
29. Ekholm, K. & Friedman, J. 1979. 'Capital', imperi- alism and exploitation in ancient world systems. In Larsen, M. T. (ed.). Power and Propaganda. A Symposium on Ancient Empires, pp. 41-58.
30. Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen.
31. Emery, W. B. 1965. Egypt in Nubia. Hutchinson, London.
32. Flammini, R. 2008. Ancient core-periphery inter- actions. Lower Nubia during Middle Kingdom Egypt (ca. 2050-1640 B.C.). Journal of World- Systems Research 14(1), 50-74.
33. Frank, A. G. 1993. Bronze Age World System cycles. Current Anthropology 34(4), 383-429.
34. Frank, A. G. & Gills, B. K. 1993. (eds) The World System. Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand? Routledge, London.
35. Frank, A. G. & Gills, B. K. 2000. The five thousand year world system in theory and praxis. In Denemark, R. A., Friedman, J., Gills, B. K. & Modelski, G. (eds). World System History. The Social Science of Long-term Change, pp. 3-23. Routledge, London.
36. Frank, A. G. & Thompson, W. R. 2005. Afro- Eurasian Bronze Age economic expansion and contraction revisited. Journal of World History 16(2), 115-172.
37. Geus, F. 2000. Geomorphology and prehistory of Sai Island (Nubia). Report on a current research project. In Kr0yzaniak, L., Kroeper, K. & Kobusiewicz, M. (eds). Recent Research into the Stone Age of Northeastern Africa, pp. 119-128. Poznan Archaeological Museum, Poznan.
38. Goedicke, H. 1981. Harkhuf's travels. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40(1), 1-20.
39. Gratien, B. 1978. Les Cultures Kerma. Essai de Classification. Publications de l'Université de Lille, Lille.
40. Hafsaas, H. 2006. Cattle pastoralists in a multi- cultural setting. The C-Group people of Lower Nubia 2500-1500 BCE. The Lower Jordan River Basin Programme Publications 10. University of Bergen & Bir Zeit University, Ramallah.
41. Hafsaas, H. 2006-2007. Pots and people in an anthropological perspective. The C-Group people of Lower Nubia as a case study. Cahier de Recherches de l'Institut de Papyrologie et d'Egyptologie de Lille 26, 163-171.
42. Hafsaas-Tsakos, H. in press a. The origins of con- sumption and prohibition of wine. A case-study The Kingdom of Kush 69
43. from Ancient Palestine. In Naguib, N. (ed.). Foodways in the Middle East.
44. Hafsaas-Tsakos, H. in press b. Between Kush and Egypt. The C-Group people of Lower Nubia during the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period. In Between the Cataracts. Proceedings of the 11th Conference for Nubian Studies, part two. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, Warsaw.
45. Honegger, M. 2004. The Pre-Kerma period. In Welsby, D. A. & Anderson, J. R. (eds). Sudan -Ancient Treasures. An Exhibition of Recent Discoveries from the Sudan National Museum, pp. 61-66. The British Museum Press, London.
46. Kardulias, P. N. 1999. Multiple levels in the Aegean Bronze Age World System. In Kardulias, N. (ed.). World-Systems Theory in Practice. Leadership, Production, and Exchange, pp. 179-201. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
47. Kemp, B. J. 1983. Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period c. 2686-1552. In Trigger, B. G., Kemp, B. J., O'Connor, D. & Lloyd, A. B. Ancient Egypt -A Social History, pp. 71-182. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
48. Kendall, T. 1997. Kerma and the Kingdom of Kush 2500-1500 B.C. The Archaeological Discovery of an Ancient Nubian Empire. National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC.
49. Kohl, P. L. 1978. The balance of trade in south- western Asia in the mid-third millennium B.C. Current Anthropology 19(3), 463-492.
50. Kohl, P. L. 1987. The ancient economy, transfera- ble technologies, and the Bronze Age world sys- tem. A view from the northeastern frontier of the ancient Near East. In Larsen, M., Rowlands, M. & Kristiansen, K. (eds). Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, pp. 13-24. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
51. Kopytoff, I. 1986. The cultural biography of things. Commoditization as process. In Appa- durai, A. (ed.). The Social Life of Things. Com- modities in Cultural Perspective, pp. 64-91. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Kristiansen, K. 1998. The emergence of the European World System in the Bronze Age. Divergence, convergence, and social evolution during the first and second millennium B.C. In Kristiansen, K. & Rowlands, M. (eds). Social Transformations in Archaeology. Global and Local Perspectives, pp. 287-323. Routledge, London.
53. Lacovara, P. 1991. The stone vase deposit at Kerma. In Davies, W. V. (ed.). Egypt and Africa. Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, pp. 118-128. British Museum Press, London.
54. Lacovara, P. 1997. Egypt and Nubia during the Second Intermediate Period. In Oren, E. D. (ed.). The Hyksos. New Historical and Archaeo- logical Perspectives, pp. 69-86. The University Museum, Philadelphia, PA.
55. Manley, B. 1996. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt. Penguin, London.
56. Mills, A. J. & Nordström, H. Å. 1966. The archae- ological survey from Gemai to Dal. Preliminary report on the season 1964-65. Kush 14, 1-15.
57. O'Connor, D. 1993. Ancient Nubia -Egypt's Rival in Africa. The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
58. Pailes, R. & Whitecotton, J. 1979. The Greater Southwest and Meso-American 'World' Sys- tem. An exploratory model of frontier relation- ships. In Savage, W. & Thompson, S. (eds). The Frontier. Comparative Studies 2, pp. 105-121. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
59. Ratnagar, S. 2001. The Bronze Age -unique instance of a pre-industrial world system? Cur- rent Anthropology 42(3), 351-379.
60. Reisner, G. A. 1923. Excavations at Kerma I-III. Harvard African Studies 5.
61. Rice, P. M. 1998. Contexts of contact and change. Peripheries, frontiers, and boundaries. In Cusick, J. G. (ed.). Studies in Culture Contact. Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
62. Sadr, K. 1991. The Development of Nomadism in Ancient Northeast Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.
63. Sanderson, S. K. (ed.) 1995. Civilizations and World Systems. Studying World-Historical Change. Alta Mira, Walnut Creek, CA.
64. Schneider, J. 1977. Was there a pre-capitalist world system? Peasant Studies 6, 20-29.
65. Shaw, I. (ed.) 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
66. Sherratt, A. 1993. What would a Bronze-Age world system look like? Relations between temperate Europe and the Mediterranean in later prehistory. Journal of European Archaeology 1, 1-57.
67. Sherratt, A. 2000. Envisioning global change. A long-term perspective. In Denemark, R. A., Friedman, J., Gills, B. K. & Modelski, G. (eds). World System History. The Social Science of Long-term Change, pp. 115-132. Routledge, London.
68. Sindbaek, S. M. 2007. The small world of the Vikings. Networks in early medieval communi- cation and exchange. Norwegian Archaeological Review 40(1), 59-74.
69. Smith, M. E. 2004. The archaeology of ancient state economies. Annual Review of Anthropology 33, 73-102.
70. Smith, S. T. 1998. Nubia and Egypt. Interaction, acculturation, and secondary state formation from the third to first millennium B.C. In Cusick, J. (ed.). Studies in Culture Contact. Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology, pp. 256-287. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
71. Taylor, J. H. 1991. Egypt and Nubia. British Museum Press, London.
72. Trigger, B. G. 1976. Nubia under the Pharaohs. Thames & Hudson, London.
73. Trigger, B. G. 1985. Land and trade as patterns in Sudanese history. In Liverani, M., Palmieri, A. & Perone, R. (eds). Studio di Paletnologia in Onore di Salvatore M. Puglisi, pp. 465-475. La Sapienza, Roma.
74. Valbelle, D. 2004. Egyptians on the Middle In Welsby, D. A. & Anderson, J. R. (eds).
75. Sudan -Ancient Treasures. An Exhibition of Recent Discoveries from the Sudan National Museum, pp. 92-99. The British Museum Press, London.
76. Vandkilde, H. 2004. Archaeology, anthropology and globalization. Inaugural lecture, University of Århus, 22 October. Available at: http:// www.aal.au.dk/global/nyheder/papers/paperfiler/ forelaesuk
77. Wallerstein, I. 1974. The Modern World-System. Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Academic Press, New York.
78. Wallerstein, I. 1979. A world system perspective on the social sciences. In Wallerstein, I. (ed.). The Capitalist World Economy, pp. 152-164. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
79. Wallerstein, I. 1980. The Modern World-System. Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750. Aca- demic Press, New York.
80. Wallerstein, I. 1989. The Modern World-System. The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1730-1840s. Academic Press, New York.
81. Wengrow, D. 2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt. Social Transformations in North-East Africa, 10,000 to 2650 BC. Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Cambridge.