Voiceless alveolar implosive
| Voiceless alveolar implosive | |
|---|---|
| ɗ̥ | |
| ƭ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiceless alveolar implosive is a rare sound used in some spoken languages. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɗ̥ ⟩, ⟨ƭ⟩, or ⟨tʼ↓⟩. It is not in English.
Characteristics
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
- The airstream mechanism is implosive (also called glottalic ingressive). This means that this sound is produced by pushing the glottis downward. This pulls air inward. The glottis is not completely closed, but a pulmonic airstream is allowed to escape through it, which makes the sound.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Example | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mam[1] | tʼutʼan | [ɗ̥ɯɗ̥aŋ] | 'finish' | Goes between [ɗ̥] and [tʼ].[2] | |
| Serer[3] | Can vary and be any of these sounds (phonemic contrasts): /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/. | ||||
| Igbo | Owere | Can vary and be any of these sounds: /tʰ t ɗ̥ dʱ d ɗ n/. | |||
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ England, Nora C. (1983). A grammar of Mam, a Mayan language. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292729278. OCLC 748935484.
- ↑
- England, Nora C. (1983). A grammar of Mam, a Mayan language. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- ↑ Mc Laughlin (2005:203)
Works cited
[change | change source]- Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215, S2CID 145717014
