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Voiced retroflex fricative

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dental Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar
Retracted Retroflex Palato­alveolar Alveolo­palatal
Sibilant z̪͆ z ʐ ʒ ʑ
Non-Sibilant ð ð̪͆ ɹ̝ ɻ˔ ɹ̠˔

In phonetics, voiced retroflex fricatives are types of consonantal sounds.

Sibilant

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Voiced retroflex fricative
ʐ
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAz`

The voiced retroflex fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English, but it is in languages such as Mandarin, Polish, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian. The sound is similar to /ʒ/, but with the tongue curled back.

Characteristcs

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  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated sub-apical - with the tip of the tongue curled up. But more generally This means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is sibilant fricative. This means that it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.

Examples

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Occurrence of [ʐ]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Mandarin人/rén[ʐən˧˥]'human'
Polishżaba[ˈʐaba]'frog'
Russianжена[ʐɨˈna]'wife'
Slovakživot[ˈʐivɔt]'life'

Non-sibilant

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Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative
ɻ˔
Audio sample

The voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages.

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
EnglishEastern Capered[ɻ᷵ed]'red'Apical; typical realization of /r/ in that region. See South African English phonology