Voiced retroflex fricative
Appearance
| Dental | Interdental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retracted | Retroflex | Palatoalveolar | Alveolopalatal | ||||
| Sibilant | z̪ | z̪͆ | z | z̠ | ʐ | ʒ | ʑ |
| Non-Sibilant | ð | ð̪͆ | ɹ̝ | ɻ˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ||
In phonetics, voiced retroflex fricatives are types of consonantal sounds.
Sibilant
[change | change source]| Voiced retroflex fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʐ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | z` |
The voiced retroflex fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English, but it is in languages such as Mandarin, Polish, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian. The sound is similar to /ʒ/, but with the tongue curled back.
Characteristcs
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated sub-apical - with the tip of the tongue curled up. But more generally This means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is sibilant fricative. This means that it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | 人/rén | [ʐən˧˥] | 'human' | |
| Polish | żaba | [ˈʐaba] | 'frog' | |
| Russian | жена | [ʐɨˈna] | 'wife' | |
| Slovak | život | [ˈʐivɔt] | 'life' |
Non-sibilant
[change | change source]| Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | |
|---|---|
| ɻ˔ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Eastern Cape | red | [ɻ᷵ed] | 'red' | Apical; typical realization of /r/ in that region. See South African English phonology |
