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The Verge’s latest insights into the ideas shaping the future of work, finance, and innovation. Here you’ll find scoops, analysis, and reporting across some of the most influential companies in the world. Our coverage also includes interviews with innovators and policy makers at the frontiers of business and technology on Editor-in-Chief Nilay Patel’s Decoder; a behind-the-curtain look at Silicon Valley with Alex Heath’s Command Line; and exclusive reporting on Microsoft’s strategy in Tom Warren’s Notepad.

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Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Apropos of nothing in particular...

I enjoyed reading this story about Bill Gates’ malevolent influence on the current crop of Silicon Valley megalomaniacs. If you remember his pre-Gates Foundation reputation, you will particularly appreciate it.

Whither the Nerd-Bully?

[The New York Review of Books]

Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
Shutterstock is paying $35 million to settle illegal subscription and cancellation allegations.

Even with the FTC’s click-to-cancel rule vacated (but possibly coming back?), it has reached a settlement over Shutterstock’s subscriptions that allegedly required a phone, chat, or email conversation to get out of.

…Shutterstock advertised its on-demand packs as “Best for a one-time project,” with “no commitment,” but failed to adequately disclose that these packs automatically renewed when the last download in the pack was used and—until early 2024—that they automatically renewed after one year.

Mia Sato
Mia Sato
Use Kalshi code VERGE for a $10 bonus.

Just kidding! But some news organizations are offering prediction market affiliate codes — and publishing thousands of stories pushing gambling deals. Popular Information reports that news orgs owned by Advance Local (including The Oregonian and The Cleveland Plain Dealer) are on track to run more than 14,000 pieces of “gambling slop” this year promoting deals for sportsbooks, casinos, and prediction markets like Polymarket and Kalshi.

Mia Sato
Mia Sato
Who’s paying for these Perplexity ads?

Earlier this week I wrote about the social media “clippers” that get paid to semi-covertly promote podcasts, TV shows, and other media through anonymous accounts. One of the clipping campaigns was for Perplexity AI — but nobody can tell me who, exactly, is responsible for the clips:

Reached via email, Perplexity distanced itself from clipping company Vyro, with spokesperson Jesse Dwyer saying Perplexity “has no knowledge” of the company and “takes any unauthorized use of the Perplexity name or logo very seriously.” When asked to confirm Perplexity had not run or authorized clipping campaigns, Dwyer initially stopped responding to The Verge. After publication, Dwyer told The Verge it was “not accurate” to say Perplexity launched the clipping campaign.

So who did?

Sean Hollister
Sean Hollister
Big Tech is offering big gifts in exchange for RAM.

You know how only one company in the entire world makes the machine that makes the world’s most advanced chips — and only three companies control the world’s supply of RAM? Reuters reports that Big Tech is trying to buy Big RAM’s favor in exchange for some of those machines, among other “unprecedented” offers.

Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
FanDuel’s CEO is “ousted” while investors bet on Kalshi.

Everything is gambling, but not everything in gambling is going great, as CNBC reports that on Wednesday, FanDuel CEO Amy Howe was “ousted from that post after five years at the company.” FanDuel’s stock is down 60 percent over the last year, and DraftKings shares are down 30 percent.

Meanwhile, prediction market Kalshi just announced it’s raised a $1 billion investment round at a $22 billion valuation, twice as much as it was worth in December, and claimed to project “annualized” trading volume of $178 billion.

Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
What does Polymarket’s US “CEO” actually do?

A report by The Information says that for the US-licensed arm of the prediction market, chief executive Justin Hertzberg “appears to be CEO in name only,” despite his protestations to the contrary.

It also runs down Polymarket’s issues in losing BMO Bank as a banking partner and Hertzberg’s history of launching “more than 300 prop trading firms,” including one, Surge Trader, where victims of an alleged Ponzi scheme sued him to get their money back.

Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
Fubo’s subscriber numbers dropped once football season ended.

Fubo TV’s earnings seem to show the impact of the NFL, as the Q2 subscriber count dropped from 6.2 million at the end of 2025 to 5.7 million three months later, which is fewer than the 5.9 million subscribers it had at the same time last year. Still, revenue was up one percent.

And in AI news, an assistant is in the works for Roku, Apple TV, and mobile this fall:

The Company is developing an AI Assistant that will enable customers to search their DVR’d content for sports on the Fubo platform through casual conversation (rather than voice commands).

Your feed is overrun with clips — this is the cutthroat community of ‘clippers’ behind it

They cut up podcasts, videos, and events into infinite shorter versions. How long can it last?

Mia Sato
Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
AMD’s revenue jumps 38 percent from last year as Q1 data center sales hit $5.8 billion.

Data center sales are now “the primary driver of our revenue and earnings growth,” according to CEO Lisa Su. AI agents are increasing demands for CPUs, and AMD and Intel’s x86 industry group recently announced a new instruction set, AI Compute Extensions (ACE), to help close the performance gap with GPUs.

Its client and gaming revenue grew 23 percent to $3.6 billion despite lower “semi-custom revenue” for devices like game consoles.

Richard Lawler
Richard Lawler
SEC proposal would end quarterly earnings reports requirements and switch to every six months.

Every three months, we get another round of financial updates from publicly traded companies like Alphabet, Meta, and Amazon, but the Trump Administration is pushing to lower that requirement to every six months. The argument in favor of changing it claims that quarterly reporting is a burden on small or medium-sized companies, despite the risks of weaker monitoring, as Reuters and WSJ report.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
The jurors look as bored as I feel.

Wu is still identifying documents. Two jurors have some real thousand-yard stares going on.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Brockman steps down. We are looking at the video deposition of Robert Wu.

We are now looking at assorted legal documents with him. We have determined the board has approved the agreement of 2018, which is the initial formation of the for-profit OpenAI LP. OpenAI Inc. contributed assets and in result got the limited partner interest and “residual interest.” This seems to be mostly about reading stuff into the record.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Brockman is telling the truth about considering removing Musk from the board.

Molo asked a very narrow question about texts or emails about removing Musk from the board. Then he accused Brockman of making up the explanation after the fact because of the trial. OpenAI’s lawyer pulled out two sentences from the same entry: “real decision is fire Elon” and “We seem converged on the ‘fire Elon’ route.” Pretty good from OpenAI’s lawyers, and very annoying / misleading from Molo.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Every time Molo makes a summary of Brockman’s testimony, Brockman objects to it.

For instance, yesterday, Brockman gave a long spiel about the setup of OpenAI that only tangentially involved Musk. Altman and Sutskever were portrayed as being in the middle of things. Molo effectively said that and then pointed out that Musk’s money was key. Brockman objected both to the summary, and to the idea that Musk’s money was key. Come on, dude. We aren’t idiots.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now fighting about “Either go do something on your own or continue with OpenAI as a non-profit.”

It’s not clear to me why Musk’s ultimatum matters? Musk says he won’t continue funding until he gets a firm commitment. Brockman testified he never made that firm commitment, and Musk didn’t resume his quarterly payments. There were clear continuing negotiations about how to raise money, including whether Tesla should get control of OpenAI and whether there should be an ICO after this email. What are we doing? I am at this point genuinely lost.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
One other thing I don’t understand…

We have been talking about whether or not Greg Brockman made an initial investment into the for-profit. If we all agree that the for-profit has a different investment base than the nonprofit, I don’t get what the conflict here is? The nonprofit is effectively an investor in the for-profit, though the investment was in kind. The nonprofit still exists. Right now I am trying to figure out whether I find Brockman or Musk more reliable, and I think the answer is, it’s going to depend on who is most supported by other witnesses and documents.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Molo is trying to reiterate what he did more effectively yesterday.

The problem is that the chronology of Brockman’s negotiations with Musk is now working against him. We have multiple emails and texts with Musk proposing that he be in charge, followed by Musk withholding funding unless Brockman and Ilya Sutskever did what he wanted. Brockman might be motivated by profit — I certainly think so! — but Musk’s actions are what they are: high-pressure negotiating tactics that failed. It seems to me that Musk’s lack of involvement with OpenAI’s for-profit is self-inflicted.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
“You had no problems answering your lawyers’ questions,” Molo is practically yelling.

“Did you practice them?” Molo is really not into the various ways that Brockman is objecting to the wording of his questions. I’m not sure how sympathetic the jury is to either of them. They seem pretty stone-faced.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Molo asks Brockman if Musk was “being mean” to him.

Brockman is being really squishy about this — I mean, he did say that he thought Musk was going to hit him at one point. Molo is I think trying to make the point that Musk was being “hardheaded” in negotiations. He’s also saying that Brockman wasn’t familiar with corporate governance. And he is, notably, raising his voice at Brockman.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are back to quibbling.

Greg the Bard, who told long-winded stories about how wonderful OpenAI is, is gone. “False assumption baked into the question” is the go-to currently.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now discussing the OpenAI Foundation layoffs.

Musk’s lawyer, Molo, is saying that first of all, Brockman actually did the layoffs, and second of all, a memo prepared by Ilya Sutskever contained criticism of Brockman as a manager. Shortly after the memo was prepared, Brockman was removed from the board.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Microsoft is done, bless them.

Musk’s team is getting another crack at Brockman.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Microsoft is now getting to talk to Brockman.

Microsoft is low-key my favorite part of this trial? Their opening statement was just like, an ad for Microsoft products. Almost all questions, including of Brockman, are like, “Did Microsoft play a role in the founding? Did it participate in the creation of a for-profit entity?” (No, obviously.) It is so funny, like they are going to at any moment turn to the jury and say, “Now why are we in this?”

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
The blip.

Brockman says he was told he was removed from the board in an eight-minute call, and not given a reason why. He was also told Sam Altman was fired. Shortly after, he quit. “The board’s actions felt wrong to me. Wrongly conceived, wrongly executed.” He thought that he’d start a new AI company with Sam Altman. Several other people quit alongside Brockman and they started planning their new company. Satya Nadella called to ask if something terrible had happened, and Brockman said no. So then being a startup within Microsoft was an option too. But ultimately, as we all know, Brockman went back to OpenAI.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now discussing Shivon Zilis.

She did not disclose her romantic relationship with Musk to Greg Brockman. She gave birth to twins while still a board member at OpenAI, and found out their father was Elon Musk through “public reporting.” She did, eventually, say the twins were via IVF and her relationship with Musk was “entirely platonic.” She stayed on the board because Sutskever, Altman, and Brockman trusted her — other board members wanted her gone.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now going through the assorted releases of GPT models.

zzzzzz

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
When Musk resigned, he gave a speech to OpenAI’s employees that might have been demoralizing…

because he said, essentially, he saw no path at OpenAI and was going to work on AGI at Tesla. But during a Q&A period, he said that he wasn’t going to work on safety, and just focus on catching up with DeepMind. That generated a strong, negative reaction.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
One observation from Brockman and Sutskever’s emails.

Every email to Musk starts with glowing compliments, and at times what even reads like groveling. I don’t know if the jury is noticing this, but I certainly am. I wonder how much ass-kissing Musk is accustomed to — probably a lot.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now recontextualizing more entries from Brockman.

Some more successfully than others. While I’m willing to believe the “steal the charity” line is about booting Musk from the board, the idea that “making the money for us sounds great and all” was about unsuccessful fundraising was somewhat less believable. One thing Brockman is making clear is that Musk was mercurial — not a surprise. “Elon’s engagement depended directly on how likely he thought it was we’d succeed,” he says. By January 31st, 2018, Musk says he thought OpenAI was “on a path of certain failure relative to Google” in an email.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
There were discussions between Brockman, Altman, and Sutskever about removing Musk from the board.

“Ilya and myself” decided not to remove him from the board because it felt right for the mission but wrong personally. By that point, Musk was trying to get them all to join Tesla. This makes the journal entry about “Ilya feeling like we morally should not be kicking elon out, and should be trying to make the non-profit work” as well as “it’d be wrong to steal the non-profit from him” read really differently.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are back from a break.

Greg Brockman is explaining that Musk put conditions on his continuing donations at OpenAI, which he did not accept. Then Musk said they should merge OAI into Tesla. They’d get the money, a billion-dollar-per-year budget, and it’d grow from there. The work would have to be secret — that would be a requirement to make it happen.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
“I thought he was going to hit me,” Brockman says of Musk.

“I truly thought he was going to physically attack me.” Musk was angry that no one wanted to agree for him to have majority equity. As he was storming out of the meeting, Musk asked Brockman and Sutskever when they planned to leave OpenAI. They were confused. Then Musk said, “I will withhold funding until you decide what you are going to do.” He then stopped his promised quarterly donations to OpenAI.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Elon Musk doesn’t love anything he can’t control.

Brockman is discussing an intense period of negotiations between him, Ilya Sutskever, Sam Altman, and Musk. Musk wanted unilateral control. He also wanted a lot of equity because “he needed the money for Mars, he needed $80 billion to create a city there,” Brockman says. During the negotiations, Musk stopped his quarterly donations.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Sam Altman discussed an equal equity split…

between Altman, Musk, Brockman, and Sutskever in August 2017. It was the first proposal for a for-profit. Musk rejected this. “At the end of the meeting he said, ‘You guys are great but I could start another AI company tomorrow. One tweet is all it takes,” Brockman said.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
We are now discussing Brockman’s journal.

He started keeping it in 2010. He describes it as stream-of-thought, jotted notes, and disorganized thoughts that sometimes contradicted each other. “It’s very painful” to see the journal in this case, Brockman says. These were “very deeply personal writings that were never meant for the world to see but there’s nothing there I’m ashamed of.”

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Elon Musk tried to get Bill Gates to donate to OpenAI.

Musk told Brockman he tried to get Gates to donate four times, and Gates didn’t so much as come by the office. One wonders whether Musk’s persistent shit-talking of Gates had anything to do with Gates’ reluctance.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
First sidebar of the trial.

I love a sidebar. We have static. There’s some evidence OpenAI is trying to introduce that Musk’s team apparently doesn’t want, about Brockman’s investment in Cerebras.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
OpenAI had layoffs at Musk’s insistence.

Five to 10 people were laid off after Musk demanded a list of people with their contributions by their names. It had a “significantly negative” impact on morale and made recruiting more difficult.

Elizabeth Lopatto
Elizabeth Lopatto
Greg Brockman tells the court that while at OpenAI, he and three others worked at Tesla.

Elon Musk requested that they come help. “It was pretty clear this was not something we could say no to,” Brockman says. Brockman claims this was something he worried about when it came to joining OpenAI.

So over the course of several months, the OpenAI group worked on self-driving. One of those engineers, Andrej Karpathy, permanently joined Tesla afterward. “I have an apology and a confession,” Musk said. “I made an offer to Andrej to run autopilot and he accepted.”