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List of birds by population

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This is a set of lists of bird species by global population, divided by avian order. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology. Contributing organizations include the IUCN, BirdLife International, and Partners in Flight.

The global population of all mature birds is estimated to be 50 – 100 billion individuals.[1][2][3][4] Total species population, including immature individuals, is higher during the breeding season of each species.[3]

These lists are incomplete, because experts have not estimated all bird populations. For example, the spectacled flowerpecker was only discovered in 2010, and did not receive its scientific name (Dicaeum dayakorum) until 2019,[5] adding to the other 73 new bird species described by ornithologists from 2000 – 2009.[6][7][8] Global population estimates for many of these at this time would lack accuracy.

All numbers are estimates, because they are made via bird surveys (e.g., point counting) and extrapolating species density estimates made via observation data over a species' known range.[9] Population estimates should be interpreted with a margin of error, even when only one value is provided.

The number of species within a order corresponds to IOC guidance[10] unless otherwise noted. IUCN/Birdlife International taxonomic classifications[11] often differ from the IOC; for specific disagreements, see Order specific pages.

By taxonomy

[edit]
List by taxonomic order Birds included # of quantified species / # of total species (%)1 Example of less common species Example of more common species
Accipitriformes Hawks, eagles, kites, Old World vultures 180 / 259 (69%) Philippine eagle (CR) BERJAYA Roadside hawk (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 128-924[12]Pop: 5,000,000-50,000,000[13]
Aegotheliformes Owlet-nightjars 1 / 10 (10%)
AnseriformesWaterfowl: ducks, geese, swans, screamers176 / 178 (99%)White-winged duck (CR)

BERJAYA

 Mallard (LC)

BERJAYA

Pop: 150-450[14]Pop: 17,260,000-19,300,000[15]
Apodiformes Swifts, hummingbirds 167 / 480 (35%) Santa Marta sabrewing (CR) BERJAYA Common swift (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 1-49[16]Pop: 80,000,000-142,000,000[17]
Apterygiformes Kiwis 5 / 5 (100%) Okarito kiwi (VU) BERJAYA Southern brown kiwi (VU) BERJAYA
Pop: 350-400[18]Pop: 16,500[19]
Bucerotiformes Hornbills, hoopoes, scimitarbills 15 / 75 (20%) Sulu hornbill (CR) BERJAYA Eurasian hoopoe (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 1 - 49[20]Pop: 5,000,000 - 10,000,000[21]
CaprimulgiformesNightjars, nighthawks, poorwills31 / 98 (32%)Jamaican poorwill (CR)BERJAYACommon nighthawk (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1-49[22]Pop: 23,000,000[23]
Cariamiformes Seriemas 0 / 2 (0%)
Cathartiformes New World vultures, condors 5 / 7 (71%) California condor (CR) BERJAYA Black vulture (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 93[24]Pop: 50,000,000-99,999,999[25]
Casuariiformes Cassowaries, emus 3 / 4 (75%) Northern cassowary (LC) BERJAYA Emu (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 10,000-19,999[26]Pop: 630,000-725,000[27]
CharadriiformesWaders, gulls, terns, auks343 / 392 (88%)2Jerdon's courser (CR)BERJAYASooty tern (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1-50[28]Pop: 23,000,000[29]
CiconiiformesStorks20 / 20 (100%)Storm's stork (EN)BERJAYAWhite stork (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 300-1,750[30]Pop: 526,000-588,000[31]
Coliiformes Mousebirds 0 / 6 (0%)
ColumbiformesDoves, pigeons147 / 352 (42%)Grenada dove (CR)BERJAYAMourning dove (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 136-182[32]Pop: 120,000,000-140,000,000[33]
CoraciiformesKingfishers, motmots, bee-eaters58 / 186 (31%)Marquesan kingfisher (CR)BERJAYARinged kingfisher (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 350[34]Pop: 20,000,000[35]
CuculiformesCuckoos29 / 156 (19%)Sumatran ground cuckoo (EN)BERJAYACommon cuckoo (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1,500-6,000[36]Pop: 34,600,000-54,400,000[37]
Eurypygiformes Kagu, sunbittern 2 / 2 (100%) Kagu (EN) BERJAYA Sunbittern (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 250 - 299[38]Pop: 500,000-4,999,999[39]
FalconiformesFalcons and caracaras47 / 65 (72%)Mauritius kestrel (EN)BERJAYAAmerican kestrel (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 140 - 170[40]Pop: 9,200,000[41]
GalliformesLandfowl: pheasants, guineafowl, quails, curassows, megapodes153 / 307 (50%)Edward's pheasant (CR)BERJAYACommon pheasant (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 0-49[42]Pop: 75,000,000-150,000,0003[43]
GaviiformesLoons5 / 5 (100%)Yellow-billed loon (NT)BERJAYAPacific loon (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 11,000 – 21,000[44]Pop: 930,000 – 1,600,000[45]
GruiformesCranes, rails, finfoots, trumpeters, limpkin137 / 190 (72%)4Lord Howe woodhen (EN)BERJAYAAmerican coot (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 200-286[46]Pop: 7,100,000[47]
Leptosomiformes Cuckoo-roller 0 / 1 (0%)
Mesitornithiformes Mesites 3 / 3 (100%) White-breasted mesite (VU) BERJAYA Subdesert mesite (VU) BERJAYA
Pop: 5,300[48]Pop: 65,000-110,000[49]
Musophagiformes Turacos 3 / 23 (13%)
Nyctibiiformes Potoos 3 / 7 (43%) Northern potoo (LC) BERJAYA Great potoo (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 50,000 - 499,999[50]Pop: 500,000 - 4,999,999[51]
Opisthocomiformes Hoatzin 0 / 1 (0%)
Otidiformes Bustards, floricans, korhaans 11 / 26 (42%) Great Indian bustard (CR) BERJAYA Little bustard (NT) BERJAYA
Pop: 50-249[52]Pop: 100,000-499,999[53]
Passeriformes Passerines: New Zealand wrens, suboscines, songbirds ? / 6533 Banded cotinga (CR) BERJAYA Barn swallow (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 50-249[54]Pop: 290,000,000 - 487,000,000[55]
PelecaniformesIbises, spoonbills, herons, shoebill, hamerkop, pelicans106 / 118 (90%)White-bellied heron (CR)BERJAYACocoi heron (LC)Ardea_cocoi-standing
Pop: 50-249[56]Pop: 5,000,000-49,999,999[57]
Phaethontiformes Tropicbirds 3 / 3 (100%) Red-billed tropicbird (LC) BERJAYA White-tailed tropicbird (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 16,000-30,000[58]Pop: 400,000[59]
PhoenicopteriformesFlamingos6 / 6 (100%)Andean flamingo (VU)BERJAYALesser flamingo (NT)BERJAYA
Pop: 38,000[60]Pop: 2,220,000 – 3,240,000[61]
PiciformesWoodpeckers, jacamars, toucans, barbets, honeyguides133 / 448 (30%)Ivory-billed woodpecker (CR)BERJAYAGreat spotted woodpecker (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1-49[62]Pop: 49,000,000-78,000,000[63]
Podargiformes Frogmouths 2 / 16 (13%)
PodicipediformesGrebes22 / 23 (96%)5New Zealand grebe (LC)BERJAYABlack-necked grebe (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1,000 – 5,000[64]Pop: 3,900,000 – 4,200,000[65]
ProcellariiformesAlbatrosses, shearwaters, petrels 143 / 149 (96%)New Zealand storm petrel (CR)BERJAYAAntarctic prion (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1-49[66]Pop: 50,000,000[67]
PsittaciformesParrots, cockatoos185 / 406 (46%)Orange-bellied parrot (CR)BERJAYABlue-headed parrot (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 20-25[68]Pop: 5,000,000-49,999,999[69]
Pterocliformes Sandgrouse 2 / 16 (13%)
Rheiformes Rheas 0 / 2 (0%)
SphenisciformesPenguins18 / 19 (95%)Galapagos penguin (EN)BERJAYAMacaroni penguin (VU)BERJAYA
Pop: 1,200[70]Pop: 12,600,000[71]
Steatornithiformes Oilbird 1 / 1 (100%)
StrigiformesOwls96 / 254 (38%)Seychelles scops owl (CR)BERJAYAFerruginous pygmy owl (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 200-280[72]Pop: 20,000,000[73]
Struthioniformes Ostriches 1 / 2 (50%) Somali ostrich (VU) BERJAYA Common ostrich (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: unknown[74]Pop: 300,000-900,000[75]
Suliformes Shags, frigatebirds, gannets, cormorants 44 / 60 (73%) Chatham Islands shag (CR) BERJAYA Neotropic cormorant (LC) BERJAYA
Pop: 710[76]Pop: 2,000,000[77]
TinamiformesTinamous17 / 46 (37%)Black tinamou (VU)BERJAYAGreat tinamou (LC)BERJAYA
Pop: 1,900 – 4,400[78]Pop: 5,000,000 – 49,999,999[79]
TrogoniformesTrogons, quetzals14 / 43 (33%)Javan trogon (VU)BERJAYACollared trogon (LC)

BERJAYA

Pop: 2,500 – 9,999[80]Pop: 5,000,000 – 49,999,999[81]


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
1.^Denominator (Total Species in Order) from IOC List of Birds (version 15.1).[10]
2.^Number of species with population estimates includes estimates for Northern New Zealand dotterel, common white tern, and little white tern, which are considered full species by IUCN/BirdLife International, but subspecies by the IOC.[82][83][11]
3.^Values include the common pheasant's estimated population across its introduced range.[43]
4.^Number of species with population estimates includes estimates for black-winged trumpeter and Junin crake, which are considered full species by IUCN/BirdLife International, but subspecies by the IOC.[84][11]
5.^IOC recognizes tricolored grebe as a full species; IUCN/BirdLife International do not.[85][11] The latter splits silvery grebe into two species (northern/southern silvery grebe); which the former retains as one species.[85][86] This results in 23 total species regardless, and 22 species with populations quantified.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Bar-On, Yinon M.; Phillips, Rob; Milo, Ron (2018-06-19). "The biomass distribution on Earth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (25): 6506–6511. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6506B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1711842115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6016768. PMID 29784790.
  2. ↑ Gaston, Kevin J.; Blackburn, Tim M. (1997). "How many birds are there?". Biodiversity and Conservation. 6 (4): 615–625. Bibcode:1997BiCon...6..615G. doi:10.1023/A:1018341530497.
  3. 1 2 Gaston, K. J.; Blackburn, T. M.; Goldewijk, K. K. (2003-06-22). "Habitat conversion and global avian biodiversity loss". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1521): 1293–1300. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2303. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691371. PMID 12816643.
  4. ↑ Callaghan, Corey T.; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Cornwell, William K. (2021). "Global abundance estimates for 9,700 bird species". PNAS. 118 (21) e2023170118.
  5. ↑ Saucier, Jacob R.; Milensky, Christopher M.; Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A.; Ragai, Roslina; Dahlan, N. Faridah; Edwards, David P. (2019-10-17). "A distinctive new species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Dicaeidae) from Borneo" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4686 (4). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31719467.
  6. ↑ ""Spectacled flowerpecker" bird found in Borneo". Reuters. 2010-01-14.
  7. ↑ Walton, Doreen (2010-01-14). "New Borneo bird species spotted". BBC News.
  8. ↑ Pennak, Sara (18 January 2012). "State of observed species: A decade of species discovery in review" (PDF). Arizona State University: International Institute for Species Exploration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
  9. ↑ Sólymos, Péter; Toms, Judith D.; Matsuoka, Steven M.; Cumming, Steven G.; Barker, Nicole K.S.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Stralberg, Diana; Crosby, Andrew D.; Dénes, Francisco V.; Haché, Samuel; Mahon, C. Lisa; Schmiegelow, Fiona K.A.; Bayne, Erin M. (2020). "Lessons learned from comparing spatially explicit models and the Partners in Flight approach to estimate population sizes of boreal birds in Alberta, Canada". The Condor. 122 (2) duaa007. doi:10.1093/condor/duaa007.
  10. 1 2 "Orders of Birds – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. 2025.
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Pithecophaga jefferyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22696012A273773083. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696012A273773083.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Rupornis magnirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22695880A168800737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22695880A168800737.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Asarcornis scutulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22680064A244637841. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680064A244637841.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Anas platyrhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22680186A281835571. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680186A281835571.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Campylopterus phainopeplus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22687086A181107620. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22687086A181107620.en.
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Apus apus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22686800A281017590. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22686800A281017590.en.
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Apteryx rowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22732871A180757495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22732871A180757495.en. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  19. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Apteryx australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22678122A214272214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22678122A214272214.en. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  20. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros montani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682447A178062684. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682447A178062684.en.
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Upupa epops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682655A181836360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682655A181836360.en.
  22. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Siphonorhis americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22689738A178420953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689738A178420953.en.
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Chordeiles minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22689714A189010894. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22689714A189010894.en.
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Gymnogyps californianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697636A181151405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697636A181151405.en.
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Coragyps atratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22697624A281039099. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697624A281039099.en.
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Casuarius unappendiculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T22678114A118134784. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22678114A118134784.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Dromaius novaehollandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22678117A131902466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678117A131902466.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Rhinoptilus bitorquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22694103A217265541. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22694103A217265541.en.
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Onychoprion fuscatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22694740A168895142. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22694740A168895142.en.
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2023). "Ciconia stormi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T22697685A274423260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22697685A274423260.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  31. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Ciconia ciconia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22697691A281839847. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22697691A281839847.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  32. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Leptotila wellsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22690874A178391475. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22690874A178391475.en.
  33. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Zenaida macroura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22690736A264596868. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22690736A264596868.en.
  34. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Todiramphus godeffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22683487A149519891. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22683487A149519891.en.
  35. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Megaceryle torquata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22683634A168873464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22683634A168873464.en.
  36. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Carpococcyx viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22724459A266075416. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22724459A266075416.en.
  37. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Cuculus canorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22683873A264553575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22683873A264553575.en.
  38. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Rhynochetos jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22692211A156666402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22692211A156666402.en. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  39. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Eurypyga helias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22691893A163625651. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22691893A163625651.en. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  40. ↑ BirdLife International (2023). "Falco punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T22696373A226885309. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696373A226885309.en. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  41. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Falco sparverius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22696395A140950605. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696395A140950605.en. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  42. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Lophura edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T45354985A249120158. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T45354985A249120158.en.
  43. 1 2 BirdLife International (2025). "Phasianus colchicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T45100023A280926744. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T45100023A280926744.en.
  44. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia adamsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697847A132607949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697847A132607949.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  45. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697839A132607134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697839A132607134.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  46. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Hypotaenidia sylvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22692395A212806713. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692395A212806713.en.
  47. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Fulica americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T62169677A281035771. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62169677A281035771.en.
  48. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Mesitornis variegatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22692949A129882359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692949A129882359.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  49. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Monias benschi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22692971A193815333. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692971A193815333.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  50. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Nyctibius jamaicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22689642A163601677. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689642A163601677.en.
  51. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Nyctibius grandis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22689636A163599353. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689636A163599353.en.
  52. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Ardeotis nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22691932A134188105. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691932A134188105.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  53. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Tetrax tetrax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22691896A129913710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691896A129913710.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  54. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Cotinga maculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22700886A155966376. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22700886A155966376.en.
  55. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Hirundo rustica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22712252A137668645. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22712252A137668645.en.
  56. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Ardea insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697021A134201407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697021A134201407.en.
  57. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Ardea cocoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22697001A163802666. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22697001A163802666.en.
  58. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Phaethon aethereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22696637A155736224. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696637A155736224.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  59. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Phaethon lepturus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22696645A163887639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696645A163887639.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  60. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Phoenicoparrus andinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697387A182422217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697387A182422217.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  61. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Phoeniconaias minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697369A129912906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697369A129912906.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  62. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus principalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22681425A182588014. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681425A182588014.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  63. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Dendrocopos major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22681124A280946929. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22681124A280946929.en.
  64. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Poliocephalus rufopectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22696592A209544697. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22696592A209544697.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  65. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Podiceps nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696610A132584321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696610A132584321.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  66. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Fregetta maoriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22728808A132659638. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728808A132659638.en.
  67. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila desolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22698114A132626218. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698114A132626218.en.
  68. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Neophema chrysogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22685203A130894893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685203A130894893.en.
  69. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Pionus menstruus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T45429607A163789519. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T45429607A163789519.en.
  70. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Spheniscus mendiculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697825A182729677. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697825A182729677.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  71. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Eudyptes chrysolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697793A184720991. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697793A184720991.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  72. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Otus insularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22688667A177971497. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22688667A177971497.en.
  73. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Glaucidium brasilianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22689248A217038370. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22689248A217038370.en.
  74. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Struthio molybdophanes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22732795A208237218. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22732795A208237218.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  75. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Struthio camelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T45020636A280828427. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T45020636A280828427.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  76. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Leucocarbo onslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696861A131116322. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  77. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Nannopterum brasilianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696773A133550739. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  78. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Tinamus osgoodi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22678145A136641166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678145A136641166.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  79. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Tinamus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22678148A189781191. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22678148A189781191.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  80. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Apalharpactes reinwardtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22682824A178034431. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22682824a178034431.en. ISSN 2307-8235. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  81. ↑ BirdLife International (2022). "Trogon collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T61692251A163899552. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-2.rlts.t61692251a163899552.en. ISSN 2307-8235. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  82. ↑ "Noddies, skimmers, gulls, terns, skuas, auks – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-09.
  83. ↑ "Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-09.
  84. ↑ "Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  85. 1 2 "Grebes, flamingos – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  86. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Podiceps juninensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T62114603A181449214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T62114603A181449214.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
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