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Ilir Meta

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Ilir Meta
Head shot of Meta smiling with an Albanian flag in the background
Meta in 2018
President of Albania
In office
24 July 2017 – 24 July 2022
Prime MinisterEdi Rama
Preceded byBujar Nishani
Succeeded byBajram Begaj
Prime Minister of Albania
In office
29 October 1999 – 29 January 2002
PresidentRexhep Meidani
Preceded byPandeli Majko
Succeeded byPandeli Majko
Speaker of the Parliament of Albania
In office
10 September 2013 – 24 July 2017
Preceded byJozefina Topalli
Succeeded byValentina Leskaj (acting)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
17 September 2009 – 17 September 2010
Prime MinisterSali Berisha
Preceded byLulzim Basha
Succeeded byEdmond Haxhinasto
In office
31 July 2002 – 18 July 2003
Prime MinisterFatos Nano
Preceded byArta Dade
Succeeded byLuan Hajdaraga (acting)
Minister of Economy, Trade and Energy
In office
17 September 2010 – 14 January 2011
Prime MinisterSali Berisha
Preceded byDritan Prifti
Succeeded byNasip Naço
Member of the Parliament of Albania
In office
1992 – 24 July 2017
Leader of the Freedom Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 July 2022
Preceded byMonika Kryemadhi
Leader of the Socialist Movement for Integration
In office
6 September 2004 – 24 July 2017
Preceded byParty established
Succeeded byPetrit Vasili
Personal details
BornIlir Rexhep Meta
(1969-03-24) 24 March 1969 (age 57)
Skrapar, PR Albania
PartyFreedom Party (2022–present)
Other political
affiliations
Independent (2017–2022)
Socialist Movement for Integration (2004–2017)
Socialist Party (1990–2004)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1998; div. 2024)​
Children3
University of Tirana
SignatureBERJAYA

Ilir Rexhep Meta (Albanian pronunciation: [iliɾ meta]; born 24 March 1969) is an Albanian politician who served as President of Albania from 2017 to 2022. He was a member of the Parliament of Albania from 1992 to 2017, serving across multiple legislatures before taking office as president. He previously served as Prime Minister of Albania from 1999 to 2002, Speaker of the Parliament of Albania from 2013 to 2017, Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2002–2003 and 2009–2010, Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister of Economy, Trade and Energy.[1][2][3]

Meta began his political career in the Socialist Party of Albania after the fall of communism and was first elected to parliament in 1992. In 2004, he left the Socialist Party and founded the Socialist Movement for Integration (LSI), later renamed the Freedom Party.[1][4] His party played a kingmaker role in Albanian politics, joining Sali Berisha's Democratic Party-led government after the 2009 Albanian parliamentary election and later switching to Edi Rama's Socialist Party-led coalition before the 2013 Albanian parliamentary election.[5][6]

As president, Meta had frequent institutional conflicts with Rama's Socialist government. In 2019, he attempted to cancel the local elections scheduled for 30 June, arguing that they could take place without opposition participation and risked political confrontation; the government rejected the decree and the elections went ahead.[7] In 2021, parliament voted to impeach him for alleged constitutional violations during the election campaign, but the Constitutional Court of Albania overturned the decision in February 2022 and allowed him to complete his term.[8][9]

After leaving the presidency in July 2022, Meta returned to party politics and resumed leadership of the renamed Freedom Party.[10] In October 2024, he was arrested after an investigation by Albania's Special Structure against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) on allegations of corruption, money laundering and concealment of assets. He has denied wrongdoing and described the case as politically motivated.[11][12] In May 2025, he was formally charged with corruption, money laundering, tax evasion and hiding property; his former wife Monika Kryemadhi was also charged in the case.[3] In 2026, Albanian media reported that the case had been sent to trial and that proceedings were continuing before the Special Court Against Corruption and Organized Crime.[13]

Early life and education

Meta was born in Skrapar on 24 March 1969.[1] He studied political economy at the Faculty of Economy of the University of Tirana, where he also pursued postgraduate studies.[1][14]

He became politically active in 1990 during the student movement that contributed to the end of one-party rule in Albania.[1] In the early 1990s, he joined the Socialist Party of Albania, the successor to the former communist ruling party, and was first elected to the Parliament of Albania in 1992 at the age of 23.[1][2]

Political career

Member of Parliament

Meta was first elected to the Parliament of Albania in 1992 as a member of the Socialist Party of Albania.[1][2] He remained a parliamentary figure for the next twenty-five years, serving as an MP in successive legislatures while also holding senior executive and parliamentary offices, including prime minister, deputy prime minister, foreign minister, economy minister and speaker of parliament.[1]

During his early parliamentary career, Meta served on several parliamentary committees. From 1996 to 1997, he was deputy chair of the parliamentary Foreign Affairs Commission.[1] His parliamentary base and later leadership of the Socialist Movement for Integration made him one of the central coalition-building figures in Albanian politics, particularly after the 2009 and 2013 parliamentary elections.[5][6]

Meta's parliamentary mandate ended when he took office as President of Albania on 24 July 2017.[1]

Socialist Party and early government posts

During the 1990s, Meta rose through the ranks of the Socialist Party and parliament. In 1998, he was State Secretary for European Integration in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and from October 1998 to October 1999 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Coordination.[1]

Meta became Prime Minister of Albania on 29 October 1999, succeeding Pandeli Majko. At the time, he was among the youngest heads of government in Europe and one of the youngest prime ministers in Albanian history.[1] He led the Socialist government during a period of post-Kosovo War regional instability and during the early stages of Albania's engagement with the Stabilisation and Association Process with the European Union.[1]

After the 2001 Albanian parliamentary election, Meta initially remained prime minister. President Rexhep Meidani approved his new government on 7 September 2001, and parliament gave the cabinet a vote of confidence five days later. The formation of the cabinet followed months of negotiations within the Socialist Party.[15]

On 29 January 2002, Meta resigned as prime minister amid internal conflict in the Socialist Party, especially with party chairman Fatos Nano.[16] He was succeeded by Pandeli Majko on 22 February 2002. Meta later returned to government as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Fatos Nano from July 2002 to July 2003.[1]

Founding of the Socialist Movement for Integration

In 2004, Meta left the Socialist Party and founded the Socialist Movement for Integration (Albanian: Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim, LSI).[1][4] The party positioned itself as a centre-left and pro-European alternative and became one of Albania's most important smaller parties. From 2004 to 2006, Meta was also a member of the International Commission on the Balkans, chaired by former Italian prime minister Giuliano Amato, which produced recommendations on the European integration of the Western Balkans.[1]

LSI's emergence reshaped the Albanian party system by creating a third pole between the Socialist Party and the Democratic Party. Although it did not immediately become a large party, its parliamentary seats later proved decisive in coalition-building after close elections.[5]

Coalition with the Democratic Party, 2009–2013

In the 2009 Albanian parliamentary election, LSI won four seats and became essential to the formation of a government. Meta decided to join a coalition with the Democratic Party of Albania led by Prime Minister Sali Berisha, despite LSI's centre-left origins and its earlier links to the Socialist Party.[5] On 16 September 2009, Berisha formed a second government with LSI as junior coalition partner.[17]

Under the coalition agreement, Meta became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.[18] He held the foreign ministry during a period that included Albania's implementation of reforms linked to visa liberalisation with the Schengen Area, which was achieved for Albanian citizens in December 2010.[19]

In September 2010, Meta left the foreign ministry and became Minister of Economy, Trade and Energy while remaining Deputy Prime Minister. He resigned from the government in January 2011 after the broadcast of a hidden-camera video alleging corruption, while denying the allegations and saying he wanted to clear his name.[20][21]

Return to the Socialist-led coalition and Speaker of Parliament

Before the 2013 Albanian parliamentary election, Meta and LSI left the Democratic Party-led government and joined the Socialist Party-led opposition coalition, the Alliance for a European Albania.[6] The move forced a government reshuffle and changed the political balance ahead of the election.[6]

The Socialist-led coalition won the 2013 election, ending Berisha's eight years in power. Meta's LSI became a key coalition partner of Rama's Socialist Party. On 10 September 2013, the newly elected parliament chose Meta as Speaker of the Parliament of Albania by 91 votes to 45.[22]

As speaker, Meta presided over parliament during a period of major institutional reforms, including debates over justice reform and Albania's EU integration process. His party remained a coalition partner in the Rama government until the 2017 elections, although relations between LSI and the Socialist Party became increasingly competitive in the final phase of the coalition.[5]

Presidency, 2017–2022

Election and inauguration

On 28 April 2017, Meta was elected President of Albania in the fourth ballot with 87 votes in the 140-seat parliament. The vote took place while the opposition Democratic Party was boycotting parliament as part of a political crisis before the 2017 parliamentary election.[5][2] He took office on 24 July 2017.[23]

At the inauguration ceremony, Meta was accompanied by his children. His wife, Monika Kryemadhi, declined the role of First Lady of Albania because she had taken over the leadership of LSI, while their daughter Era Meta was reported to have performed the ceremonial role of first lady.[24]

Institutional conflicts with the Rama government

Meta's presidency was marked by repeated disputes with Prime Minister Edi Rama's Socialist government. He often accused the government of undermining constitutional checks and balances, while the Socialist majority accused him of behaving as a partisan opposition figure rather than a neutral head of state.[8]

In June 2019, Meta attempted to cancel the 2019 Albanian local elections, which were scheduled for 30 June, citing the opposition's boycott and the risk of civil confrontation. Rama's government rejected the decree, argued that the president had acted unlawfully, and proceeded with the elections.[7] Parliament later passed a resolution declaring Meta's decree invalid, while the Electoral College also ruled against the decree.[25][26]

2019 earthquake and foreign relations

On 26 November 2019, a major earthquake struck the Durrës region, killing 51 people, injuring thousands and damaging thousands of buildings.[27] In January 2020, Meta visited Israel and thanked Israeli rescue personnel for their assistance after the earthquake, awarding the Golden Medal of the Eagle to the Israel Defense Forces' National Rescue Unit.[28]

During his presidency, Meta emphasised Albania's European integration and its strategic relations with the United States, NATO allies and neighbouring Balkan states.[29]

Impeachment by parliament

On 9 June 2021, the Albanian parliament voted to dismiss Meta from office, accusing him of serious constitutional violations during the April 2021 parliamentary election campaign, including partisan conduct and statements that the ruling majority said had encouraged instability.[8][30] The motion was brought by the ruling Socialist Party and was approved by 104 MPs.[31]

The decision required review by the Constitutional Court before it could take effect. On 16 February 2022, the court overturned parliament's decision, ruling that Meta's actions did not amount to a grave constitutional violation.[9][32] As a result, Meta remained president until the end of his five-year term on 24 July 2022.

Post-presidency and Freedom Party

After leaving office, Meta immediately returned to active party politics. On 25 July 2022, the Socialist Movement for Integration held a convention, changed its name to the Freedom Party, and restored Meta as party leader.[10][33] The party presented the rebranding as a new stage after Meta's return from the presidency, while critics argued that it did not resolve the party's decline in electoral support.[4]

After returning to politics, Meta became one of the most vocal opposition critics of Rama's government. The Freedom Party aligned with other opposition forces, including the Democratic Party faction led by Sali Berisha, in protests and electoral coalitions against the Socialist Party.[11]

2011 videotaped corruption scandal

On 11 January 2011, the investigative programme Fiks Fare on Top Channel broadcast a hidden-camera video recorded by former economy minister Dritan Prifti. The video allegedly showed Meta, then Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, discussing requests for favours linked to a hydropower concession and an oil auction.[34][35]

Meta denied wrongdoing and resigned on 14 January 2011, saying that he wanted to fight the allegations and protect the government from political damage.[20][21] The scandal contributed to a wider political crisis. On 21 January 2011, an opposition protest in Tirana turned violent and four demonstrators were shot dead outside the prime minister's office.[36]

During the trial, Albanian experts appointed by the court testified that the video was not original, while earlier British and American forensic analyses commissioned by prosecutors had concluded that the recording was authentic. The court ruled the foreign analysis inadmissible.[37][38] Meta was acquitted by the High Court on 16 January 2012.[39]

Alleged communist-era informer file

In July 2022, shortly after Meta left the presidency, the Authority for Information on Former State Security Documents informed parliament that a high-profile former state official identified by initials "I.M." appeared in files of the communist-era Sigurimi secret police.[40] Albanian media and political actors identified the person as Meta. Meta denied the allegations, noting that previous vetting commissions had issued him certificates clearing him of collaboration with the former communist security services.[41]

The controversy became part of the political debate surrounding Meta's return to opposition politics. In September 2022, Tirana Times reported that the person whose Sigurimi file was being used in the dispute denied that Meta had been involved and asked the files authority to correct what he described as inaccurate or manipulated data.[42]

Lobbying allegations

In 2022, the Austrian newspaper Kronen Zeitung reported allegations that Meta had used a shell company to finance lobbying and gain access to the first inauguration of Donald Trump in 2017.[43] Meta denied wrongdoing and said he had been invited by the Republican Party.[44]

The alleged lobbying payments later formed part of the broader SPAK case. AP reported in May 2025 that prosecutors accused Meta of failing to account for around $460,000 used for lobbying in the United States.[3]

2024 arrest and corruption trial

On 21 October 2024, Meta was arrested by Albanian police after a SPAK investigation into suspected passive corruption, money laundering and failure to declare wealth.[11][12] The arrest occurred while Meta was returning to Tirana from Kosovo. Reuters reported that police said they had to take him by force, while Meta's lawyer described the case as politically motivated.[11]

Two days later, the Special Court Against Corruption and Organized Crime ordered that Meta remain in pre-trial detention while the investigation continued.[45] The case also included Monika Kryemadhi and other defendants.[3]

On 27 May 2025, Meta was formally charged with corruption, money laundering, tax evasion and hiding property from authorities. AP reported that prosecutors alleged Meta abused his authority while holding public office to financially benefit from business dealings, failed to account for lobbying expenses in the United States, and concealed property and personal expenses. Kryemadhi was accused of similar crimes. Meta denied wrongdoing and accused SPAK of acting as an "anti-opposition task force" for Prime Minister Rama.[3]

BIRN reported that prosecutors also alleged Meta and Kryemadhi had a corrupt relationship with businessman Samir Mane, involving alleged political favours and benefits connected to a luxury villa.[46] Transparency International summarised the case as involving allegations of bribery, money laundering and illicit enrichment, while noting that the alleged offences remained under prosecution.[47]

In April 2026, Meta sent a public letter to the Albanian Helsinki Committee alleging violations of his rights during pre-trial detention at the Jordan Misja penitentiary. He claimed he had been denied equal outdoor time, had not received documentation for disciplinary measures, was prevented from effectively appealing decisions and faced restrictions on publicly defending himself regarding his legal case.[48] In the same month, Albanian Daily News reported that the Special Court had sent the case to trial, with Meta and Kryemadhi facing charges including passive corruption, money laundering and failure to declare assets.[49]

In June 2026, court proceedings continued before the Special Court. Albanian Daily News reported that Meta denied the allegations, requested witnesses and an independent expert, and challenged prosecutors' claims about alleged mining-law amendments and the Rolling Hills property.[13]

Personal life

Meta was married to Monika Kryemadhi from 1998 until 2024, when he announced that he had filed for divorce, citing personal and political reasons.[50] They have two daughters and a son.

Meta is a Bektashi Muslim and has publicly participated in Bektashi celebrations.[51] According to his official presidential biography, he speaks Albanian, English and Italian.[1]

He is a supporter of Celtic F.C. In July 2020, he announced the creation of a Celtic supporters' club in Albania.[52]

Honours and awards

In March 2012, Meta received the "Most Positive Personality for 2010 in Foreign Policy" award from the International Institute IFIMES in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The award was presented by former Croatian president Stjepan Mesić, honorary president of IFIMES.[1]

Meta has also been honoured by several cities and regions of Albania with the title "Honorary Citizen".[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "Ilir Meta". President of Albania. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Albania MPs Elect Speaker Meta as President". Balkan Insight. 28 April 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Semini, Llazar (27 May 2025). "Albanian ex-President Ilir Meta charged with corruption and money laundering". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  4. 1 2 3 Likmeta, Besar (27 July 2022). "Albanian Ex-President Meta's Comeback Greeted with Scepticism". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Albanian split deepens as Socialists force through election of president". Reuters. 28 April 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Reshuffle Due in Albania After Party Quits Govt". Balkan Insight. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  7. 1 2 "Albanian president cancels vote; PM wants him gone". Reuters. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 "Albania's parliament votes to sack president". Reuters. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  9. 1 2 "Albania's highest court revokes lawmakers' decision to sack president". Reuters. 17 February 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  10. 1 2 "Meta's SMI signals major shift with Freedom Party rebrand". Tirana Times. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Albanian ex-president Meta held on corruption charges". Reuters. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  12. 1 2 Hoxhaj, Edmond (21 October 2024). "Albania's Ex-President Ilir Meta Arrested on Corruption Charges". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  13. 1 2 "Meta Denies Corruption Allegations, Seeks Witnesses and Independent Expert in High-Profile Court Case". Albanian Daily News. 24 June 2026. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  14. ↑ "Biography of Mr. Ilir Meta, Speaker of the Parliament of Albania" (PDF). European Parliament. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  15. ↑ "Balkan Report: September 18, 2001". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 September 2001. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  16. ↑ "Albanian Premier Resigns". The New York Times. 30 January 2002. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  17. ↑ Stegherr, Marc; Liesem, Kerstin (2010). Die Medien in Osteuropa: Mediensysteme im Transformationsprozess. Springer-Verlag. p. 159. ISBN 978-3-531-92487-8.
  18. ↑ "Qeveria e dytë e Sali Berishës (16 shtator 2009 – 10 shtator 2013)". ShtetiWeb (in Albanian). 10 February 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  19. ↑ "Visa Liberalisation enters into force in December 2010". European External Action Service. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  20. 1 2 Koleka, Benet (14 January 2011). "Albanian deputy PM quits amid corruption allegations". Reuters. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  21. 1 2 "Albania Deputy PM Resigns Amid Corruption Scandal". Balkan Insight. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  22. ↑ "Ilir Meta zgjidhet në krye të Kuvendit me 91 vota: Të lëmë pas frymën konfliktuale, të punojmë për integrimin". Sot.com.al (in Albanian). 10 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  23. ↑ "Political Maverick Sworn In as New President of Albania". Voice of America. 24 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  24. ↑ "Ilir Meta betohet si president i Shqipërisë". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Albanian). 24 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  25. ↑ "Albania Parliament Declares Decree Scrapping Local Elections Invalid". Balkan Insight. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  26. ↑ "Albania: Electoral College overturns President's decree on cancelling local elections". European Western Balkans. 25 June 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  27. ↑ "Albanian president thanks Israeli soldiers for aid after deadly earthquake". Jewish News Syndicate. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  28. ↑ "Albanian president thanks Israeli soldiers for aid after deadly earthquake". Jewish News Syndicate. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  29. ↑ "President Meta to Trump: US presence is a key factor for the stability of the region". 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  30. ↑ "Albania parliament impeaches president for violating constitution". Al Jazeera. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  31. ↑ "Albanian MPs have just voted to impeach their president. Here's why". Euronews. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  32. ↑ Sinoruka, Fjori (17 February 2022). "Albania President Wins Constitutional Battle to Stay in Office". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  33. ↑ "Meta presents new logo of Freedom Party". Euronews Albania. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  34. ↑ "Albania Hit by Video Corruption Scandal". Balkan Insight. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  35. ↑ "Meta and Prifti corruption scandal (disputed videotape evidence)". Transparency International. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  36. ↑ "The political crisis in Albania is growing". Centre for Eastern Studies. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  37. ↑ Likmeta, Besar (1 November 2011). "Albanian Experts Query Video in Meta Corruption Case". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  38. ↑ "Ekspertët: Videopërgjimi Meta-Prifti, jo origjinal. Prifti: Gjykata të kërkojë ekspertizë nga policitë e BE-së". Panorama (in Albanian). 1 November 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  39. ↑ "Meta and Prifti corruption scandal (disputed videotape evidence)". Transparency International. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  40. ↑ "Former President Ilir Meta's Name Appears in Communist Intelligence Files". Exit News. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  41. ↑ "'Communist Informer' Controversy Hits Albanian Ex-President's Comeback". Balkan Insight. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  42. ↑ "Subject of Sigurimi file says Meta not involved, demands correction". Tirana Times. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  43. ↑ "Kronzeuge sucht Schutz in Wien: Krimi um Präsident". Kronen Zeitung (in German). 16 May 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  44. ↑ "Austrian newspaper accuses Meta: Lobbying $700 thousand with offshore company, reacts Presidency". Politiko. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  45. ↑ Semini, Llazar (23 October 2024). "A court says former Albanian president Meta must stay in custody during corruption investigation". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  46. ↑ Likmeta, Besar (24 October 2024). "Albania's Ex-President Meta Traded Favours for Luxury Villa, Prosecutors Allege". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 24 April 2026.
  47. ↑ "Ilir Meta Case: Former president arrested on charges of bribery, money laundering and illicit enrichment". Transparency International. Retrieved 24 April 2026.
  48. ↑ Si, Nen (14 April 2026). "Former President Ilir Meta Sends Letter to Albanian Helsinki Committee: "My Fundamental Rights Are Being Violated"". Euronews Albania. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  49. ↑ "Albania's Supreme Court Orders Review of Ilir Meta's Detention Appeal Case". Albanian Daily News. 23 April 2026. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  50. ↑ "Albania's Power Couple, Meta and Kryemadhi, Get Divorced". Balkan Insight. 21 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  51. ↑ "FOTO/ Familja Meta, feston me entuziazëm festën e Bektashinjve". Standard (in Albanian). 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  52. ↑ "'Praise God, today one year ago, I met Celtic fans in Sarajevo,' Albanian President, Ilir Meta". The Celtic Star. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
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