Roopkund: The skeleton lake

Day 18 of the "virtual (digital) tour" of places known for unusual customs, practices, mysterious phenomena. This post is part of the A to Z Challenge and Blogchatter A2Z 2026

In the Himalayas, at an altitude of 5,029 metres, lies an extraordinary archaeological puzzle — Roopkund, the lake of skeletons. For comparison, the height of Mount Everest is 8,848 metres. 

The lake is in the shadow of Trisul peak in the north Indian state of Uttarakhand.

These skeletons of 600 to 800 people, remain hidden beneath the snow for most of the year. It is only when the ice melts that they emerge, scattered around the shores and beneath the water. 

Owing to the harsh weather, some of them are remarkably well-preserved, with flesh, hair, and even wooden artefacts still intact.

HOW OLD ARE THEY

In 1942, a British forest ranger, H K Madhwal, stumbled upon them while patrolling.

Roopkund Lake sits at the bottom of a steep slope
on Trisul, a group of three Himalayan peaks
- Image courtesy: Atish Waghwase/BBC

For decades, scientists believed that one single event had killed a large group of people there. But, a 2019 DNA study of 38 skeletons revealed that the remains were deposited during multiple events spanning nearly 1,000 years.

Research shows that one group of people died between the 7th and 10th centuries. They were probably pilgrims, as the Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra, an ancient Hindu pilgrimage, still passes near the lake today.

The remains of an estimated 600-800 people
have been found at the site.
Image courtesy: Himadri Sinha Roy/BBC

Studies also found that the skeletons of 14 people were of Mediterranean ancestry, dating to around the year 1800. This remains a mystery, because there is no historical record of Mediterranean travellers in this remote region during that period.

CAMPING BANNED

The skeletons remain at the site, with no attempts made to relocate or bury them. The focus is instead on preservation and scientific genomic and biomolecular analysis in laboratories in India and abroad.

Unfortunately, the area has suffered from the impact of trekkers. Some have tampered with the remains, moved them around, and even taken bones home as souvenirs!

To protect the site from further environmental and archaeological damage, the government has banned camping in the fragile alpine meadows leading to the lake.

(Information sources: BBC, Nature, Outlook Traveller, Wikipedia)

Previous posts in the series:

Asur	Bhangarh	Channapatna
Dhinga Gavar	Edakkal caves	Floating stones
Ghost lights	Hakki Pikki	Idu Mishmi
Jatinga	Kodinhi	Living root bridges
Malana	Nidhivan	Om Banna Temple
Piplantri	Qila Raipur

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Floating Stones of Rameswaram

Day 6 of the "virtual (digital) tour" of places known for unusual customs, practices, mysterious phenomena.

On the island of Rameswaram in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, there is this curious sight of stones that float on water. 

One of the explanations is from the ancient epic, the Ramayana. According to the story, Lord Rama needed to cross the sea to reach Lanka (Sri Lanka) and rescue Sita from Ravana. To do so, his army is believed to have constructed a bridge.

This bridge, often referred to as Rama’s Bridge or Adam’s Bridge, is said to have been built using stones that miraculously floated on water. For many devotees, the stones are remnants of that legendary structure.

These stones are now preserved and displayed at Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple in Rameswaram where they can be seen floating.

SCIENTIFIC VIEW

Image courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Science has its own explanations.

Some experts say these stones could be pumice, a type of volcanic rock. Pumice forms when gas-rich lava cools rapidly, trapping air bubbles inside. These air pockets make the rock extremely light, allowing it to float.

Another explanation points to pipe coral, found in the Gulf of Mannar. These corals have a porous structure filled with tiny holes that trap air, giving them buoyancy in water.

Both theories rely on the same principle: low density due to trapped air, which allows the stones to stay afloat.

Whether one chooses to see it from the angle of faith or science, the experience remains the same.

Information sources: The Times of India, News18

Previous posts in the series: Asur, Bhangarh, Channapatna dog temple, Dhinga Gavar, Edakkal caves  

This post is part of the A to Z Challenge and Blogchatter A2Z 2026

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