Hermeneutics

En el contexto del Arte Contemporáneo, la posibilidad de una perversión radical del documento y, por extensión de las ideas, la destrucción total o parcial de sus elementos o funciones, se transformaron para el artista, debido a circunstancias sustancialmente diferentes (i.e.: prácticas, procesos y estrategias de creación artística), en un espacio profundamente creativo. A la luz de estas ideas, este artículo discute la implicación de este fenómeno de “destrucción” del archivo en la construcción del imaginario contemporáneo - la proximidad de los resultados estéticos y poéticos con la idea de un “palimpsesto” -, tratando de demostrar el modo en que su carácter más subversivo, “anómico” y hasta paradójico ha ido convirtiendo, simbólica y conceptualmente, a los distintos territorios del pensamiento y práctica artística, por un lado, en una posibilidad de “reinscripción” continuum de formas, significados y sentidos, y, por otra parte, en la potencia “ad infinitium” de una apropiación, ...

Every history faces the problem of periodization, and in order to avoid this problem, we may question the usefulness and legitimacy of periodization. However, this would be denying our understanding of history itself, as well as the more practical way of studying a long history through its properly divided periods. We perceive historical events as meaningful through epistemological frames called 'periods', and if the concept of historical periods is perceived in this sense, it becomes indispensable for any historical study. Thus, we may try to periodize the history of Ottoman thought. Periodization however, cannot take place through just a chronology of events. It must be based on the major trends and the spirit of times. In order to elicit these characteristics of Ottoman thought, we need to cover most of the related materials so that we can come up with a cogent periodization of this history. Unfortunately, until now there is no sufficient study on Ottoman thought to give us a satisfactory division of its periods. For this reason, as a provisional study, we shall divide the history of Ottoman thought simply into two periods: the first is the early period which covers the times from the beginning of the Ottomans until the end of the 17 th century, and the second is the late period which covers the rest of Ottoman history. This periodization is not done haphazardly; it follows the significant changes in Ottoman thought. The Early Period covers the early phases of the Islamic philosophical tradition in the Ottoman Age and its development until the end of the 17th century. Following this century it is possible to observe a sharp change in Ottoman thought and, in this sense, in Islamic thought in general. This change basically represents a decline rather than a change in its spirit and dynamics. Moreover, Ottoman thought cannot be evaluated independently of Islamic thought because it is the continuation of its philosophical ________________

Different strategies are used by people with cancer to deal with the various events resulting from this condition, among which, spirituality/religiosity is an important aspect to be considered. In this article, we present the results of a research that aimed to understand how patients with cancer and in palliative care experience spirituality/religiosity in the treatment process and how this dimension manifests itself in coping with the disease. The qualitative research with phenomenological orientation was carried out in a hospital in the city of Belém-PA and involved six patients diagnosed with cancer admitted to the Oncology Palliative Care Clinic - CCPO. The data was obtained through semi-directed interviews recorded in audio, later transcribed and analyzed according to Ricoeur's hermeneutics from units of meaning. The main results point to spirituality/religiosity as a coping strategy in the face of the state of illness and hospitalization. This dimension is evident in the ...

Ich habe ein böses Buch geschrieben und fühle mich makellos wie das Lamm. Ich verspüre unaussprechliche Geselligkeiten in mir, möchte mit Ihnen und sämtlichen Göttern im Pantheon des alten Rom ein Festmahl halten. Es ist ein seltsames Gefühl-… Verantwortungslosigkeit, doch ohne liederliche Neigungen.« (Herman Melville in einem Brief an Nathaniel Hawthorne, 17. November 1851).

In: Böse Bücher. Inkohärente Texte von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart. Hrsg. von Markus Krajewski und Harun Maye. Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach (mit Harun Maye)

Amil zakat adalah orang-orang yang bekerja dalam perlengkapan administrasi urusan zakat, baik urusan pengumpulan, penyimpanan, pencatatan, perhitungan maupun yang mencatat keluar masuknya zakat dan membagi pada penerima zakat. Dalam praktiknya amil zakat berperan penting dalam pendistribusian zakat kepada para penerima zakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana amil zakat memaknai golongan penerima zakat khususnya di Rumah Zakat Kota Malang. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode hermeneutika. Objek penelitian ini adalah pemaknaan amil zakat terhadap golongan penerima zakat. Sumber data penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan teknik observasi, kepustakaan dan wawancara. Teknik analisi data penelitian ini Menggunakan Hermeneutika melalui tahap reduksi data, tampilan data (data display) dan kesimpulan atau verivikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan ke...

The question of the place of Biblical Studies in South Africa is asked against the background of the common perception that religion and what goes along with it, is being devalued in the new South Africa.  In a first part of the argument on whether one could plausibly claim any worth to be derived from offering Biblical Studies in South African educational institutions, the contribution it can make to the promotion of moral values was pointed out. The powerful and positive role which the Bible can play in post-Apartheid South Africa can nevertheless not be adequately addressed without proper attention to the African context, on the one hand, and the importance of hermeneutics in the appropriation of the Bible. To this our focus will now turn.

O presente trabalho pretende, a partir da hermenêutica desenvolvida pelo filósofo Hans- Georg Gadamer, investigar o conceito de jogo e sua relação com a concepção de hermenêutica além do âmbito epistemológico, mais precisamente, em seu âmbito ontológico, isto é, através da noção de jogo, trabalhada por Gadamer, almejamos pensar não somente epistemologicamente, mas de modo ontológico, o que nos abri caminho para compreensão, onde toda problemática surge e se percute. Apontar, outrossim, que em Gadamer, a hermenêutica não se resume apenas no resultado de um procedimento técnico, mas se desvincula do método científico enquanto caminho único para se chegar à verdade, a qual se abre para o fenômeno da compreensão (Verstehen) através da experiência humana do mundo e religiosa.

Il senso comune accusa spesso i filosofi di mancare di concretezza. In una pagina famosa, Platone racconta che Talete, intento a studiare gli astri, cadde in un pozzo, suscitando le risa di una servetta che gli fece seduta stante la morale: “Invece di occuparti tanto delle cose che stanno in cielo, avresti fatto meglio a guardare quello che ti stava davanti ai piedi!”. Ma cosa significa concretezza? Che la filosofia deve per forza farsi pratica e politica (smettere di interpretare il mondo, rimboccarsi le maniche e cambiarlo?) Oppure che la filosofia dovrebbe essere sempre in grado di reagire al modificarsi delle condizioni storiche e sociali (o ecologiche), se non di dirigerne il corso? O ancora, una filosofia più concreta, meno astratta, è forse una filosofia che non dimentica il corpo e gli affetti di cui spesso è preda, e resiste alla tentazione di ridurre l’uomo che pensa ad una mente disincarnata?

L’esigenza di concretezza, e le domande e le prospettive che ne derivano in filosofia, sono al centro di molti dei contributi di questo numero che, nella sezione “La Questione Filosofica”, propone un dossier su “Alfred North Whitehead e la filosofia del concreto” curato e presentato da Maria Regina Brioschi. Noto ai più come coautore con Russell dei Principia matematica, Whitehead fu filosofo poliedrico e fecondo, che spese molte pagine a tematizzare la nozione di “concreto”. Nell’idea del concreto si cristallizza infatti per Whitehead l’esigenza di pensare la natura e la conoscenza come dei processi, degli eventi cioè dove la relazionalità indica la dimensione di con-crescita. Nessuna dottrina filosofica o scientifica nasce perfetta e già tutta armata, come Minerva. Al contrario, la razionalità emerge come un disegno in un arazzo da un tessuto spesso intricato e contradditorio di istanze concettuali e materiali.

The biblical writer (Gn 5:21-24) called attention to the enigmatic figure of Enoch in several ways: he holds the seventh position of the patriarchal genealogy and his full earthly life span is far and away the lowest. Many other traditions not present in the Bible are fully elaborated in the apochryphal cycle of Enoch (Ethiopic, Slavonic, and Hebrew books of Enoch). Within the Qumran community the figure of Enoch became particularly relevant. Moreover, since he was mysteriously removed by God, he was well qualified to be a revealer of heavenly secrets. Although all this makes of him a special patriarch, bound to be hold in the highest esteem by the rabbis, none of the legends linked to him left any trace in the authoritative rabbinic sources, even though they are well known to the ancient writers. Surprisingly enough, in the Mishnah and in both Talmudim (from Jerusalem and Babylon) no mention is made of Enoch: as time passed, he may have become not so much an unusual character in th...

The letters of the Apostle Paul to the Thessalonians are frequently discussed in the debate between pretribulational rapturists and those of the post-trib persuasion. 1 Often appearing in eschatological discourse is the rapture passage of 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 which is followed by the day of the Lord section in 5:1-11. Of special note also is 2 Thessalonians chapter two with its array of interpretive issues: the meaning of the “gathering together to Him” (v. 1), the nature and timing of the day of the Lord (v. 2ff), the nature of the apostasy that precedes the day of the Lord (v. 3), the identification of the lawless one who comes before the day of the Lord (v. 3-4), the identification of the restrainer (v. 6-7), and what it means for Christians to be delivered from the wrath to come (v.9). Many pre-trib apologists have written responses to the post-trib understanding of these important sections and have given the appropriate biblical exposition. Unfortunately, debates about these...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pengelolaan pelayanan musik pada IFGF Praise Manado. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Studi Kasus. Konsep dasar pengelolaan pelayanan musik ini menggunakan teori manajemen  George R. Terry  yaitu ; perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengawasan. Palam pelaksanaannya, pengelolaan pelayanan musik di IFGF Praise mengadopsi konsep-konsep manajemen pertunjukan yang dikemukakan oleh Jazuli dalam Majanemen Seni Pertunjukan. Konsep-konsep tersebut adalah sistem pelembagaan, program, tata kerja, siste, pembiayaan, pemasaran, dan tata penyelenggaraan program kegiatan. Dari hasil observasi dan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber di IFGF Praise Manado dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya relevansi konsep pengelolaan pelayanan musik menggunakan teori manajemen dan konsep-konsep dalam manajemen pertunjukan. Keberhasilan pelayanan tim IFGF Praise Manado meru...

This research aimed to find the pattern of three parameters of the post method in Alqurán. This study adopted qualitative research with a literature review model. The object of this research was a pattern obtained from three post method parameters with al-kalimah al-miftahiyyah in Alqurán. The data collection rested upon Qur’anic verses and their interpretations To conduct data analysis, the researchers used content analysis by Klaus Krippendorff. This study revealed the patterns of three parameters of postmethod pedagogy in the Qur’an, such as; particularity from the word “hikmah” wisdom which is with the mind and has an understanding as deep research; the parameter of practicality from the words ulul albab as the symbol of deep thinking, ulul abhsar as the symbol of deep feeling, and ulin nuha as the symbol of deep character; and parameter possibility from the word as-shabr as a power in the deep application.

IV, 4.1 - François Rabelais: de la risa acrítica a la utopía lúdica


Crítica de la razón literaria

Una Teoría de la Literatura científica, crítica y dialéctica

Tratado de investigación científica, crítica y dialéctica sobre los fundamentos, desarrollos y posibilidades
del conocimiento racionalista de la literatura

Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, 2017-2022.
Décima edición digital definitiva.
ISBN 978-84-17696-58-0

Jesús G. Maestro

La obra de Rabelais, Pantagruel (1532) y Gargantúa (1534), es uno de los primeros y más expresivos testimonios de literatura sofisticada oreconstructivista de la Edad Moderna. Con antecedentes muy claros en Luciano de Samósata, cuya lectura se acusa de forma explícita en sus páginas, junto con otras puntuales fuentes grecolatinas, como Plutarco, este insólito autor ofrece una obra fuertemente cómica, violenta y escatológica, en la que determinados destellos de crítica hacia la religión, el humanismo y la política, convierten a Gargantúa y Pantagruel en construcciones literarias singularizadas por sus competencias lúdicas, más que críticas, fiscalizadoras de la sociedad y la cultura europeas del siglo XVI. La obra de Rabelais es célebre por la formalización de la materia cómica —que la intervención y expansión acrítica de Bajtín dejó reducida al carnaval—, y sólo secundariamente por la formalización de la materia crítica que en ella pudiera contenerse. La mayor parte de sus pasajes, así como la fábula nuclear adjunta a la vida de Gargantúa —esa guerra insólita, inverosímil y ridícula entre Grangaznate y Picrócolo—, resultan de una hilaridad y comicidad completamente inofensivas y muy acríticas. El lector tiene la sensación de asistir a una suerte de cómic o tebeo del siglo XVI, donde las escenas, secuencias o viñetas se suceden verbal y plásticamente con risa escatológica, ironía política y religiosa, caricatura constante y extremada hipérbole, chiste sexual, lo grotesco deshumanizado, la parodia del humanismo, el ridículo incesante, la sátira amoral y —dígase aunque sólo sea por la memoria de Bajtín (1965)— el carnaval. Es la escatología, y en menor medida el humor y la comicidad, lo que dota de heterodoxia a la obra de Rabelais. La historia protagonizada por los gigantes Gargantúa (padre) y Pantagruel (hijo), además de que puede leerse como una auténtica parodia de un supuesto Bildungsroman renacentista, constituye toda una muestra de literatura sofisticada o reconstructivista desde el momento en que sus personajes principales son dos términos completamente idealistas —sendos seres descomunales, parsimoniosos y medio pánfilos—, que simulan una vida social, pedagógica y políticamente «normal» en todas sus anomalías, extravagancias y caricaturas.

La hermenéutica de Gadamer se presenta como una perspectiva filosófica, que pretende dar razón de todos los fenómenos de la existencia humana. Su punto de partida es la critica del imperialismo cognitivo de la metodología de las ciencias de la naturaleza. Basándose en las experiencias del arte, de la historia y de la filosofía, Gadamer evidencia la estructura ontológica de la comprensión: la comprensión participa del modo de ser de la historicidad, esta inscrita en un encadenamiento histórico que la determina y del cual debe tomar conciencia. Por ello la comprensión humana es un proceso jaman finalizado, un movimiento infinito de dialogo, un proceso de fusión de horizontes. El autor realiza una valoración del planteamiento de Gadamer, señalando su déficit critico e indicando las características de una reflexión filosófica concebida como un proceder interpretativo critico.

The goal of this article is to study Aristotle’s concept of philosophical principles. Metaphysics required from a philosopher to reveal the axioms of his teaching. It declared the law of contradiction as the most certain of all principles and axioms. This article proves that Aristotelian definition of truth makes it necessary to accept the ontological formulations of all the three main laws of thought as axioms of first philosophy. This article points out the absence of any reference in Metaphysics on Categorias and vice versa. This circumstance questions if could Aristotle be the author of the both works? Authors of this article underline that the modern trend of meta-philosophical studies requires investigating the possibility of building the system of axiomatic philosophy.

e concept of the subjectivity of a person presented in this article has shownthat man as a subject appears in constant references and relations in which hisexistence is embedded. On the one hand, it escapes the determinism of nature,on the other hand, it reveals a certain crack between its nature and action. isleads to the conclusion that even if a person is characterised by individuality, itis not a separate existence. It seems justified to return to the question of whatmakes a person, in spite of both external and internal variability; they remain thesame or otherwise what builds and what destroys the subjectivity of the person?e question thus posed reveals the first threat to human subjectivity whichis the fact of the existence of evil. For it is not only something external to manbut also something that makes man both the “place” of the appearance of evil and responsible for evilB8. While staying in Ricoeur’s philosophy characterisedby a dialectical movement one can already see i...

Spirituality poetry generally contains elements of beauty and aesthetics, so it tends to display linguistics and literature. Sa‘dūn’s poetry has its uniqueness with spiritual content in it. Spirituality in Sa‘dūn’s poetry describes the close relationship between man and God, which is reflected in the form of criticism of society. Therefore, this study aims to determine the form of spirituality in Sa‘dūn’s poetry. This research method uses content analysis by using Ibn ‘Arabī’s hermeneutics approach in its interpretation. The results of this study indicate two things, namely: (1) essence of death in the first poem contains three important pieces of advice, namely life in this world, life in the afterlife, and prepare for death; and (2) essence of ma‘rifah contained in the second Sa‘dūn’s poetry shows Sa‘dūn’s closeness to God as evidenced by two things, namely zuhud and world prevents towards Allah. This study is important in expanding the study of Ibn ‘Arabi’s hermeneutics which is ...

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi fenomena interaktivitas ilustrasi sebagai rangsang visualpada ruang belajar dalam upaya menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasarkelas 1 – 3. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami ‘value’ sebuah ilustrasi yang berperan dalamupaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Analisis kualitatif dengan metode proseduralini diawali dengan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi terhadap siswa yang diberikanperlakuan menggambar bebas sesuai dengan keinginannya masing–masing. Hasil penelitianmenyatakan bahwa Siswa kelas 1 – 3 memiliki kecenderungan menggambar tema alam danlingkungan rumah tempat tinggal. Sedikit siswa yang tertarik untuk memisualisasikan sebuahilustrasi yang bersifat tematik sesuai dengan konten pelajaran saat penelitian dilakukan.Proses mengekspresikan ilustrasinya yang terkesan dipolakan sesuai ‘memorable experience’,jika diinstruksikan menggambar maka secara ‘otomatis’ mereka cenderung menggambarseperti contoh atau pengalaman sebelumnya yang di...

In the fall of 1726 a book was published in London with the title 'Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World' . The author, described as, "first a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships", was reputed to be one Lemuel Gulliver. Behind Lemuel and his fictitious journeys there was, of course, the brilliant mind and savage wit of Jonathan Swift. The fact that more than two hundred and fifty years later Gulliver s Travels can be read on several different levels with pleasure and enlightenment is a mark both of Swift's genius as a writer and the invariant foibles of human nature. On his third voyage Gulliver pays a visit to the "Academy of Projectors at Lagado" where in their projects, "the professors contrive new rules and methods" with the intention

This research investigates the way dystopia as film genre is attributed with catastrophe or, what will be regarded here as apocalyptic events. We question the way in which the genre represents state of affairs of humanity in the face of catastrophe, in catastrophe, and after catastrophe. We conducted a narrative analysis under the account of semiotic cognitive approach, by identifying narrated events, and actions of the protagonist as constituting parts of event. We argue that narrative in dystopian films represent three types of apocalyptic schema (i.e. pre-apocalyptic, apocalyptic, and post-apocalyptic). Each schema seems to have distinct model of storyline, regardless of the predefined genre of the film (e.g. adventure, sci-fi, fantasy, etc.). Despite the distinct schemas, the analyzed films illustrate typical tone of hopefulness wherein humanity prevails over catastrophe and dystopian state of affairs. Another typical representation in dystopian films analyzed here is portrayal ...

RESUMO: O que pretendemos com este artigo é em um primeiro momento expor o ser­aí como abertura do ser­no­mundo constituído de estruturas ontológicas fundamentais. Feito isto, nos ateremos na estrutura ontológica da compreensão, a qual oferece uma alternativa para o problema do círculo hermenêutico, bem como para a historiografia. Esta última recebe uma crítica de Heidegger por buscar um conhecimento rigoroso mediante a aplicação do discurso lógico científico; ao que o filósofo de Ser e Tempo propõe considerar o aspecto histórico e hermenêutico do ser­aí, o único por meio do qual é possível ter um acesso "às coisas mesmas" e que por isso deve ser desvelado em seu ser, para que torne possível qualquer ciência. PALAVRAS­CHAVE: Abertura. Ser­aí. Círculo Hermenêutico.

This paper elucidates how the thinking about opposition that we find in the surviving passages of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae and in the Fragments of Heraclitus of Ephesus informs discussions of the separability of the body and the soul in the Phaedo. I offer a reconstruction of the way in which these pre-Socratic ideas of opposition are appropriated and refracted in Plato's Phaedo (especially at 85e-86e, 92a-95a, 102c-e, 102b-107a). I treat Anaxagoras first, in order to explicate how his ideas make up the background of the dialogical study of the separation of the soul from the body (102b-107a). My analysis of Heraclitus comes second and shows how his ideas inform the interlocutors' assessment of the unity characteristic of the body and the soul (92a-95a). I set the stage for the discussion of Anaxagoras and Heraclitus by relating these thinkers to the broader Pythagorean background that is apparent in the dialogue.