Chromium
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About Chromium
Formula:
Cr
Colour:
White
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
9
Specific Gravity:
7.17
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
From the Greek chroma, color, since all chromium compounds are colored.
This page provides mineralogical data about Chromium.
Classification of Chromium
Approved
1/A.06-10
1.AE.05
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family
Dana 7th ed.:
1.1.15.1
1.1.12.1
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1.55
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
Physical Properties of Chromium
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
White
Hardness:
9 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=1875 - 2000 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Comment:
On synthetic material
Density:
7.17 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.20 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chromium
Type:
Isotropic
Colour in reflected light:
White with yellow tint
Chemical Properties of Chromium
Formula:
Cr
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Chromium
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Im3m
Setting:
Im3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 2.8839 Å
Unit Cell V:
23.99 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Grains to 20 microns.
Comment:
Synthetic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0007057 | Chromium | Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352 | 2004 | Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007058 | Chromium | Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352 | 2004 | Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007059 | Chromium | Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352 | 2004 | Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007060 | Chromium | Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352 | 2004 | Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007061 | Chromium | Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352 | 2004 | Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0011144 | Chromium | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0011170 | Chromium | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Hexagonal closest packed, hcp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0011209 | Chromium | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Body centered cubic, bcc, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0014168 | Chromium | Kimoto K, Nishida I (1967) An electron diffraction study on the crystal structure of a new modification of chromium Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 22 744-756 | 1967 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014671 | Chromium | Bradley A J, Ollard E F (1926) Allotropy of chromium Nature 117 122-122 | 1926 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015114 | Chromium | Hull A W, Davey W P (1919) Crystal structure of chromium Physical Review 14 540-540 | 1919 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Type Occurrence of Chromium
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Heavy sands derived from contact metamorphic zone between siliceous marble and ultramafic rock.
Synonyms of Chromium
Other Language Names for Chromium
Afrikaans:Chroom
Albanian:Kromi
Arabic:كروم
Armenian:Քրոմ
Asturian:Cromu
Azeri:Xrom
Basque:Kromo
Belarusian:Хром
Bengali:ক্রোমিয়াম
Bosnian:Hrom
Bulgarian:Хром
Catalan:Crom
Corsican:Cromu
Croatian:Krom
Czech:Chróm
Danish:Krom
Dutch:Chroom
Esperanto:Kromo
Estonian:Kroom
Farsi/Persian:کروم
Finnish:Kromi
French:Chrome
Friulian:Crom
Galician:Cromo
German:Chrom
Greek:Χρώμιο
Haitian:Kwòm
Hebrew:כרום
Hindi:क्रोमियम
Hungarian:Króm
Icelandic:Króm
Ido:Kromio
Indonesian:Kromium
Italian:Cromo
Kannada:ಕ್ರೋಮಿಯಮ್
Korean:크로뮴
Kurdish (Latin Script):Krom
Latin:Chromium
Latvian:Hroms
Lithuanian:Chromas
Lojban:rogjinme
Low Saxon/Low German:Chrom
Luxembourgish:Chrom
Macedonian:Хром
Malay:Kromium
Malayalam:ക്രോമിയം
Manx:Cromium
Maori:Konukita
Nahuatl:Tlapāltepoztli
Norwegian:Krom
Norwegian (Nynorsk):Krom
Occitan:Cròme
Polish:Chrom
Portuguese:Crômio
Quechua:Krumu
Romanian:Crom
Russian:Хром
Saterland Frisian:Chrom
Serbian:Хром
Serbo-Croatian:Hrom
Sicilian:Cromu
Simplified Chinese:自然铬
Slovak:Chróm
Slovenian:Krom
Spanish:Cromo
Swahili:Chromi
Swedish:Krom
Tamil:குரோமியம்
Thai:โครเมียม
Turkish:Krom
Ukrainian:Хром
Uzbek (Latin Script):Xrom
Vietnamese:Crom
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Chromium associated with Chromferide | Fe3Cr1-x (x=0.6) |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 1.AE. | Vanadium | V | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m |
| 1.AE.05 | Molybdenum | Mo | Iso. |
| 1.AE.05 | Iron | Fe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m |
| 1.AE.05 | Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) | Iso. |
| 1.AE.05 | Tungsten | W | Iso. |
| 1.AE.05 | UM2001-06-E:CrFeNi | Fe7Cr2Ni | |
| 1.AE.10 | Taenite | (Fe,Ni) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.AE.10 | Tetrataenite | FeNi | Tet. |
| 1.AE.10 | Antitaenite | Fe3Ni | |
| 1.AE.15 | Chromferide | Fe3Cr1-x (x=0.6) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.AE.15 | Ferchromide | Cr3Fe1-x | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.AE.15 | Wairauite | CoFe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.AE.20 | Awaruite | Ni3Fe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.AE.25 | Jedwabite | Fe7(Ta,Nb)3 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
| 1.AE.30 | Manganese | Mn | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 1.1.12.1 | Goldamalgam (of Chen et al.) | (Au,Ag)Hg | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m |
| 1.1.12.2 | Chromferide | Fe3Cr1-x (x=0.6) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.1.12.3 | Ferchromide | Cr3Fe1-x | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 1.1 | Copper | Cu | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.2 | Silver | Ag | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.5 | Gold | Au | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.6 | Auricupride | Cu3Au | Orth. |
| 1.7 | Tetra-auricupride | AuCu | Tet. |
| 1.8 | Zinc | Zn | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.9 | Cadmium | Cd | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.10 | Danbaite | CuZn2 | Iso. |
| 1.11 | Zhanghengite | CuZn | Iso. |
| 1.12 | Mercury | Hg | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 1.13 | Kolymite | Cu7Hg6 | Iso. |
| 1.14 | Moschellandsbergite | Ag2Hg3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| 1.15 | Eugenite | Ag11Hg2 | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m |
| 1.16 | Schachnerite | Ag1.1Hg0.9 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.17 | Paraschachnerite | Ag3Hg2 | Orth. |
| 1.18 | Luanheite | Ag3Hg | Hex. |
| 1.19 | Weishanite | (Au,Ag,Hg) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.20 | Indium | In | Tet. |
| 1.21 | Aluminium | Al | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.22 | Khatyrkite | (Cu,Zn)Al2 | Tet. |
| 1.23 | Cupalite | (Cu,Zn)Al | Orth. |
| 1.24 | Diamond | C | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 1.25 | Graphite | C | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
| 1.26 | Chaoite | C | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
| 1.27 | Lonsdaleite | C | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.28 | Silicon | Si | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 1.29 | Tin | Sn | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
| 1.30 | Lead | Pb | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.31 | Anyuiite | AuPb2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm |
| 1.31 | Novodneprite | AuPb3 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
| 1.32 | Leadamalgam | Pb0.7Hg0.3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
| 1.33 | Arsenic | As | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 1.34 | Arsenolamprite | As | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 1.35 | Paxite | CuAs2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 1.36 | Koutekite | Cu5As2 | Hex. |
| 1.37 | Domeykite | Cu3As | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d |
| 1.38 | Algodonite | (Cu1-xAsx) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.39 | Novákite | Cu20AgAs10 | Mon. |
| 1.40 | Kutinaite | Ag6Cu14As7 | Iso. |
| 1.41 | Antimony | Sb | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 1.42 | Stibarsen | AsSb | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 1.43 | Paradocrasite | Sb3As | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| 1.44 | Horsfordite | Cu, Sb | |
| 1.45 | Cuprostibite | Cu2(Sb,Tl) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 1.46 | Allargentum | (Ag1-xSbx) | Hex. |
| 1.47 | Aurostibite | AuSb2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
| 1.48 | Dyscrasite | Ag3Sb | Orth. mm2 : Pmm2 |
| 1.49 | Bismuth | Bi | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 1.50 | Maldonite | Au2Bi | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 1.51 | Sulphur | S8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Fddd |
| 1.52 | Rosickýite | S | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| 1.53 | Selenium | Se | Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1 |
| 1.54 | Tellurium | Te | Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1 |
| 1.56 | Rhenium | Re | Hex. |
| 1.57 | Iron | Fe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m |
| 1.58 | Chromferide | Fe3Cr1-x (x=0.6) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.59 | Ferchromide | Cr3Fe1-x | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.60 | Wairauite | CoFe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| 1.61 | Nickel | Ni | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.62 | Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) | Iso. |
| 1.63 | Taenite | (Fe,Ni) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.64 | Tetrataenite | FeNi | Tet. |
| 1.65 | Awaruite | Ni3Fe | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.66 | Palladium | (Pd,Pt) | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.67 | Potarite | PdHg | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm |
| 1.68 | Paolovite | Pd2Sn | Orth. |
| 1.69 | Stannopalladinite | (Pd,Cu)3Sn2 | Hex. |
| 1.70 | Cabriite | Pd2CuSn | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm |
| 1.71 | Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn | Orth. |
| 1.72 | Atokite | (Pd,Pt)3Sn | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.73 | Rustenburgite | (Pt,Pd)3Sn | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.74 | Zvyagintsevite | Pd3Pb | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3n |
| 1.75 | Plumbopalladinite | Pd3Pb2 | Hex. |
| 1.76 | Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.77 | Iridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) | Iso. |
| 1.82 | Platinum | Pt | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 1.83 | Hongshiite | PtCu | Trig. |
| 1.84 | Niggliite | PtSn | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.85 | Isoferroplatinum | Pt3Fe | Iso. |
| 1.86 | Tetraferroplatinum | PtFe | Tet. |
| 1.87 | Tulameenite | Pt2CuFe | Tet. |
| 1.88 | Ferronickelplatinum | Pt2FeNi | Tet. |
| 1.89 | Rhodium | (Rh,Pt) | Iso. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Chromium
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Zhu, M., Liu Y.(1981) Discovery of native chromium in Xizang (Tibet). Chinese Science Bulletin: 26(11): 1014-1017.
Suqin, Y., Wenying, W., Suqiong, S. (1981) A new mineral - Native chromium. Kexue Tongbao [Chinese Science Bulletin]: 26(15): 959-960. [in Chinese]
Fleischer, M., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 854-860.
Internet Links for Chromium
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1037.html
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Localities for Chromium
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belarus | |
| Levitskiy, V. I., Solodilova, V. V., Zavadich, N. S., Pavlova, L. A., & Levitskiy, I. V. (2018, July). Genetic Nature of Mineralization with Native and Intermetallic Compounds in the Bobruisk Ring Structure (Republic of Belarus). In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 481, No. 1, pp. 857-861). Pleiades Publishing. |
Canada | |
| MINFILE No 082ESW055 |
China | |
| Peixue Tian, Qingsong Fang, Keqiao Chen, and Zhizhong Peng (1983): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(4), 241-245 |
| Zexian Xu, Runji Zhang, Zhenyun Liu, and Xingtu Sheng (1987): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 6(4), 351-357 |
| Jingsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, Wenji Bai, Qingsong Fang, and Zhongming Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0643. |
| Gorshkov, A.I., Titkov, S.V., Yan Nan Bao, Ryabchikov, I.D., and Magazina, L.O. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 326-334. |
| Yue Suqin, Wang Wenying, and Sun Suqiong (1981): Chinese Science Bulletin 26(15), 959-960 |
| Mingyu Zhu and Yunxiang Liu (1981): Chinese Science Bulletin 26(11), 1014-1017 |
| Wenji Bai, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Binggan Yan, and Zhongming Zhang (2001): Earth Science Frontiers 8(3), 111-121 |
| Zhu, Y., Tan, J., & Qiu, T. (2016). Platinum group mineral (PGM) and Fe–Ni–As–S minerals in the Sartohay chromitite, Xinjiang (NW China): Implications for the mobility of Os, Ir, Sb, and As during hydrothermal processes. Ore Geology Reviews, 72, 299-312. |
| Shengwei Wang, Xiaoming Sun, Zhenwen Liao, Bangguo Zhou, Maojin Luo, Yang Guo, Xiaofang Jiang, Huaping Zhu, Dong Ma, and Zhanwu Shen (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(6), 1259-1276 |
Egypt | |
| Azer, M. K., & Stern, R. J. (2007). Neoproterozoic (835–720 Ma) serpentinites in the Eastern Desert, Egypt: fragments of forearc mantle. The Journal of Geology, 115(4), 457-472. |
Israel | |
| Bindi, L., Cámara, F., Gain, S.E.M., Griffin, W.L., Huang, J.-X., Saunders, M., and Toledo, V. (2020) Kishonite, VH2, and Oreillyite, Cr2N, Two New Minerals from the Corundum Xenocrysts of Mt Carmel, Northern Israel. Minerals, 10(12), 1118. |
Japan | |
| Bideaux, et al: Handbook of Mineralogy.; Ouroboros - www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/museum/ouroboros/01_03/diaoyudaoite.html |
Kosovo | |
| Buletini i Shkencave Gjeologjike 2012 |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Yusupov, R.G., Dzhenchuraev, D.D., Radzhabov, F.F. (1982): Accessory native chromium and a natural compound of the series Fe-Cr-Si in rocks of the Gavasai ore field. Izvest. Akad. Nauk Kirgiz SSR (1982): 5: 25-26 (in Russian); in: Dunn, P.J., Grice, J.D., Fleischer, M., Pabst, A.(1984): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 214 (abstract) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Astakhova, N. V., & Kolesnik, O. N. (2014). Ore mineralization in volcanic rocks from the submarine rises of the Sea of Japan. Geochemistry International, 52(2), 144-161. |
| Astakhova, N. V., & Kolesnik, O. N. (2014). Ore mineralization in volcanic rocks from the submarine rises of the Sea of Japan. Geochemistry International, 52(2), 144-161. | |
Portugal | |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Siorminp ID 75Cr |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Siorminp ID 249Cr | |
Russia | |
| Rudashevskii, N.S., Mochalov, A.G. (1984): Geologiya i Geofizika: 25: 35-41 (in Russian, with available English version); in: Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1984): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 73: 442 | |
| Keren Tan (1998): Gold Science and Technology 6(4), 29-37; Distler, V. V., Mitrofanov, G. L., Yudovskaya, M. A., Lishnevsky, E. N., & Prokof’ev, V. Y. (2005). Deep structure and ore-forming processes of the Sukhoi Log gold-platinum deposit, Russia. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 921-923). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| [AmMin 84:993] |
| Yudovskaya, M. A., Distler, V. V., Chaplygin, I. V., Mokhov, A. V., Trubkin, N. V., & Gorbacheva, S. A. (2006). Gaseous transport and deposition of gold in magmatic fluid: evidence from the active Kudryavy volcano, Kurile Islands. Mineralium Deposita, 40(8), 828. |
| Kozlov, A. P., Chanturiya, V. A., Sidorov, E. G., Tolstykh, N. D., & Telegin, Y. M. (2011). Large-volume platinum ore deposits in zonal mafic-ultramafic complexes of the Ural-Alaskan type and the outlook for their development. Geology of ore deposits, 53(5), 374. |
| 6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 Morocco; Yang, J., Meng, F., Xu, X., Robinson, P. T., Dilek, Y., Makeyev, A. B., ... & Cliff, J. (2015). Diamonds, native elements and metal alloys from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ophiolite of the Polar Urals. Gondwana Research, 27(2), 459-485. |
South Africa | |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: 951390 |
The Moon | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |








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Sichuan, China