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Chondrostei

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Chondrostei
Temporal range: Early Jurassic–Recent
BERJAYA
Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Chondrostei
Müller, 1844
Orders

See text

Chondrostei is a subclass of non-neopterygian ray-finned fish. While the term originally referred to the paraphyletic grouping of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes (which includes sturgeon and paddlefish) and their extinct relatives.[1] The ancestors of Chondrostei are thought to have split from those of other living fish around the Carboniferous period (360–300 million years ago).[2] The oldest unambiguous members of Acipenseriformes known from the Early Jurassic (201–175 million years ago).[3]

Taxa commonly suggested to represent relatives of the Acipenseriformes include the Triassic marine fish Birgeria and the Saurichthyiformes, but their relationship with the Acipenseriformes has been strongly challenged on cladistic grounds.[4] Coccolepididae, a group of small weakly ossified Jurassic and Cretaceous "palaeoniscoid" fish found in both marine and freshwater environments, have also been suggested to be close relatives of the Acipenseriformes in some studies,[1] though this has also been seriously doubted.[5] Near & Thacker (2024) also recovered the ptycholepiform Boreosomus as a stem-acipenseriform.[6] A 2026 study suggested that the Carboniferous palaeoniscoid Trawdenia represented an early chondrostean based on its exceptionally preserved brain anatomy.[7]

The following taxa are known:[8]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 Olive, Sébastien; Taverne, Louis; López-Arbarello, Adriana (March 2019). "A new genus of coccolepidid actinopterygian from the Cretaceous Iguanodon-bearing locality of Bernissart, Belgium". Cretaceous Research. 95: 318–335. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.020. S2CID 134207366.
  2. ↑ Friedman, Matt (2022-11-02). "The Macroevolutionary History of Bony Fishes: A Paleontological View". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 53 (1): 353–377. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111720-010447. ISSN 1543-592X.
  3. ↑ Hilton, Eric J.; Forey, Peter L. (December 2009). "Redescription of † Chondrosteus acipenseroides Egerton, 1858 (Acipenseriformes, †Chondrosteidae) from the lower Lias of Lyme Regis (Dorset, England), with comments on the early evolution of sturgeons and paddlefishes". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7 (4): 427–453. doi:10.1017/S1477201909002740. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 86821521.
  4. 1 2 Argyriou, Thodoris; Giles, Sam; Friedman, Matt; Romano, Carlo; Kogan, Ilja; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (December 2018). "Internal cranial anatomy of Early Triassic species of †Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: †Saurichthyiformes): implications for the phylogenetic placement of †saurichthyiforms". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 161. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1264-4. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6211452. PMID 30382811.
  5. ↑ Stack, Jack (2025-11-17). "An ontological morphological phylogenetic framework for living and extinct ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii)". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.70090. ISSN 1932-8486.
  6. 1 2 Near, Thomas J; Thacker, Christine E (18 April 2024). "Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
  7. ↑ Caron, Abigail M.; Tietjen, Kristen; Coates, Michael I. (2026-07-07). "Neural tissues and chondrostean traits in a Carboniferous actinopterygian". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 123 (27). doi:10.1073/pnas.2610438123. ISSN 0027-8424.
  8. ↑ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016-02-22). Fishes of the World. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
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