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Linnaeite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Linnaeite

Müsen, Hilchenbach, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Linnaeite, etc.

Gladhammar mines, Västervik, Kalmar County, Sweden

Linnaeite, etc.

Wildermann Mine, Ferndorf, Kreuztal, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Linnaeite

Müsen, Hilchenbach, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Linnaeite, etc.

Gladhammar mines, Västervik, Kalmar County, Sweden

Linnaeite, etc.

Wildermann Mine, Ferndorf, Kreuztal, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Linnaeite

Müsen, Hilchenbach, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Linnaeite, etc.

Gladhammar mines, Västervik, Kalmar County, Sweden

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About LinnaeiteHide

Carl von Linné

Formula:

Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄

Colour:

Grey, violet

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½ - 5½

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Linnaeite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named after Carl von Linné [Carolus Linnaeus; Original Swedish name: Carl Nilsson Linnæus] (1707–1778), Swedish taxonomist, botanist, physician, geologist, and zoologist.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bastnäs Mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland County, Sweden

Linnaeite-Polydymite Series.

Compare siegenite.
Some Ni-bearing or -rich "linnaeites" reported in the literature are probably grimmite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2409

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2409:5

Similar NamesHide

Lenaite	A valid IMA mineral species	AgFeS₂
Lionite (of Berdell)	A synonym of Native Tellurium
Lionite (of Krantz)	A synonym of 'Chillagite'
Luinaite-(OH)	A discredited species name	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

IMA Classification of LinnaeiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S^2-₄

Classification of LinnaeiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4

Dana 8th ed.:

2.10.1.1

2 : SULFIDES
10 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 3:4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.10.2

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
10 : Sulphides etc. of Co

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lin	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Lin	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of LinnaeiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Colour:

Grey, violet

Streak:

Greyish black

Hardness:

4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale

Optical Data of LinnaeiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	41.5%
440nm	42.2%
480nm	44.0%
520nm	46.0%
560nm	48.0%
600nm	49.9%
640nm	51.6%
680nm	53.1%
700nm	53.7%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 53.7%.

Chemistry of LinnaeiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Co	57.956 %
S	42.044 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Co, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ni,Cu,Fe,Se

Crystallography of LinnaeiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.43 Å

Unit Cell V:

838.56 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015751	Linnaeite	Lundqvist D, Westgren A (1938) Rontgenuntersuchung des systems Co-S Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 239 85-88		1938		0	293
0017957	Linnaeite	Menzer G (1926) Ueber die Kristallstruktur von Linneit einschliesslich Polydymit und Sychnodymit. _cod_database_code 1011056 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 64 506-507		1926		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Linnaeite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Lundqvist D'
'Westgren A'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie'
_journal_volume 239 
_journal_year 1938
_journal_page_first 85
_journal_page_last 88
_publ_section_title
;
 Rontgenuntersuchung des systems Co-S
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015751
_chemical_formula_sum 'Co3 S4'
_cell_length_a 9.401
_cell_length_b 9.401
_cell_length_c 9.401
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 830.849
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.878
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
loop_
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  '1/4-y,3/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/4-y,1/4+x,1/4+z'
  'x,1/2+z,1/2+y'
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  '1/2+x,1/2+z,+y'
  '1/2+x,+z,1/2+y'
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  '1/4-z,1/4-y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-z,3/4-y,1/4-x'
  '3/4-z,1/4-y,3/4-x'
  'y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  'y,+x,+z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,+z'
  '1/2+y,+x,1/2+z'
  '1/4-x,3/4-z,3/4-y'
  '1/4-x,1/4-z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,3/4-z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,1/4-z,3/4-y'
  'z,1/2+y,1/2+x'
  'z,+y,+x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,+x'
  '1/2+z,+y,1/2+x'
  '1/4-y,3/4-x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,1/4-x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,3/4-x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,1/4-x,3/4-z'
  '3/4+z,1/4+x,3/4-y'
  '3/4+z,3/4+x,1/4-y'
  '1/4+z,1/4+x,1/4-y'
  '1/4+z,3/4+x,3/4-y'
  '-y,1/2-z,1/2+x'
  '-y,-z,+x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,+x'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '3/4+x,1/4+y,3/4-z'
  '3/4+x,3/4+y,1/4-z'
  '1/4+x,1/4+y,1/4-z'
  '1/4+x,3/4+y,3/4-z'
  '-z,1/2-x,1/2+y'
  '-z,-x,+y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,+y'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '3/4+y,1/4+z,3/4-x'
  '3/4+y,3/4+z,1/4-x'
  '1/4+y,1/4+z,1/4-x'
  '1/4+y,3/4+z,3/4-x'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,+z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/4-z,3/4+x,3/4+y'
  '1/4-z,1/4+x,1/4+y'
  '3/4-z,3/4+x,1/4+y'
  '3/4-z,1/4+x,3/4+y'
  'y,-z,-x'
  'y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '1/4-x,3/4+y,3/4+z'
  '1/4-x,1/4+y,1/4+z'
  '3/4-x,3/4+y,1/4+z'
  '3/4-x,1/4+y,3/4+z'
  'z,-x,-y'
  'z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  '1/4-y,3/4+z,3/4+x'
  '1/4-y,1/4+z,1/4+x'
  '3/4-y,3/4+z,1/4+x'
  '3/4-y,1/4+z,3/4+x'
  'x,-y,-z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+z,-y'
  '1/2-x,+z,1/2-y'
  '-x,1/2+z,1/2-y'
  '-x,+z,-y'
  '1/4+z,3/4-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4+z,1/4-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,3/4-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,1/4-y,3/4+x'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,-z'
  '1/2-y,+x,1/2-z'
  '-y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  '-y,+x,-z'
  '1/4+x,3/4-z,3/4+y'
  '1/4+x,1/4-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,3/4-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,1/4-z,3/4+y'
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  '1/2-z,+y,1/2-x'
  '-z,1/2+y,1/2-x'
  '-z,+y,-x'
  '1/4+y,3/4-x,3/4+z'
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  '3/4+y,3/4-x,1/4+z'
  '3/4+y,1/4-x,3/4+z'
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  '-x,1/2-z,1/2+y'
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  '3/4+z,3/4+y,1/4-x'
  '3/4+z,1/4+y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+z,3/4+y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+z,1/4+y,1/4-x'
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  '1/2-y,1/2-x,z'
  '3/4+x,3/4+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4+x,1/4+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4+x,3/4+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4+x,1/4+z,1/4-y'
  '-z,-y,x'
  '-z,1/2-y,1/2+x'
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  '3/4+y,3/4+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4+y,1/4+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4+y,3/4+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4+y,1/4+x,1/4-z'
  '1/4-z,1/4-x,1/4-y'
  '1/4-z,3/4-x,3/4-y'
  '3/4-z,1/4-x,3/4-y'
  '3/4-z,3/4-x,1/4-y'
  'y,z,x'
  'y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,x'
  '1/4-x,1/4-y,1/4-z'
  '1/4-x,3/4-y,3/4-z'
  '3/4-x,1/4-y,3/4-z'
  '3/4-x,3/4-y,1/4-z'
  'z,x,y'
  'z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,y'
  '1/4-y,1/4-z,1/4-x'
  '1/4-y,3/4-z,3/4-x'
  '3/4-y,1/4-z,3/4-x'
  '3/4-y,3/4-z,1/4-x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Co1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
Co2   0.62500   0.62500   0.62500
S  -0.13500  -0.13500  -0.13500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.83 Å	(100)
1.670 Å	(80)
2.36 Å	(70)
1.815 Å	(60)
0.988 Å	(50)
3.34 Å	(40)
1.090 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
13 : Hadean serpentinization
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)	<0.36

Type Occurrence of LinnaeiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bastnäs Mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland County, Sweden

Synonyms of LinnaeiteHide

Cobalt Pyrites

Kobaltkies (of Hausmann)

Koboldine

Lineite

Linneite

Kobaltnickelkies (in part) (in part)

Other Language Names for LinnaeiteHide

Dutch:Linnaeiet

German:Linneit
Lineit
Linnaeit
Linnéit

Latin:Cobaltum Pyriticosum

Russian:Линнеит

Simplified Chinese:硫钴矿

Spanish:Lineita
Linnaeita

Swedish:Koboltkis

Varieties of LinnaeiteHide

Gold-bearing Linnaeite

A gold-bearing variety of linnaeite.

Relationship of Linnaeite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Linnaeite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Linnaeite Subgroup:

Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Kalininite	ZnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Tarkianite	(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)₄S₈	Iso. 43m : F43m
Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.

Forms a series with:

Polydymite	Linnaeite-Polydymite Series
Siegenite	Linnaeite-Siegenite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

89 photos of Linnaeite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
47 photos of Linnaeite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
34 photos of Linnaeite associated with Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
26 photos of Linnaeite associated with Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
26 photos of Linnaeite associated with Millerite	NiS
23 photos of Linnaeite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
17 photos of Linnaeite associated with Villamanínite	(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S₂
17 photos of Linnaeite associated with 'Bravoite'	(Fe,Ni)S₂
17 photos of Linnaeite associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
15 photos of Linnaeite associated with Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.DA.	Ferrodimolybdenite	FeMo₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.	Zaykovite	Rh₃Se₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.	Ezochiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Zolenskyite	FeCr₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.05	Shiranuiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Rh⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Fletcherite	CuNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Florensovite	(Cu,Zn)Cr_1.5Sb_0.5S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.05	Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Kalininite	ZnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Nickeltyrrellite	CuNi₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Carrollite	CuCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Berndlehmannite	Cu(CrV)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Trüstedtite	Ni₃Se₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprokalininite	Cu(Cr³⁺Cr⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Bornhardtite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Tyrrellite	Cu(Co,Ni)₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Malanite	Cu⁺(Ir³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.10	Rhodostannite	Cu⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.10	Toyohaite	Ag⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.15	Brezinaite	Cr₃S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15	Heideite	(Fe,Cr)_1.15(Ti,Fe)₂S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20	Konderite	Cu₃Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)₈S₁₆	Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.20	Inaglyite	Cu₃Pb(Ir,Pt)₈S₁₆	Hex.
2.DA.25	Kingstonite	Rh₃S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Linnaeite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for LinnaeiteHide

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

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References for LinnaeiteHide

Reference List:

Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition] (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume II]. Chez Verdière. p.417 - as koboldine

Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. XIII. Ordnung. Kiese III. Kobaltkies. Linnéit.. in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Bei Braumüller and Seidel (Wien): 559-562.

De Jong, W. F., Willems, H. W. V. (1927) Die Verbindungen Fe3S4, Ni3S4 und ihre Struktur. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 161 (1). 311-315 doi:10.1002/zaac.19271610128

Witteborg, Werner (1932) Zur Kristallmorphologie von Faujasit und Linneit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 83 (1-6). p.374-383. doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.83.1.374

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.262-265

Howarth, W. E. (1954) On the Occurrence of Linnaeite in the Coal Measures of South Wales. Geological Magazine, 91 (5) 407 doi:10.1017/s0016756800065808

Vokes, F.M. (1967) Linnaeite from the Precambrian Raipas group of Finnmark, Norway. Mineralium Deposita, 2 (1). 11-25 doi:10.1007/bf00206818

Knop, Osvald, Reid, K. I. G., Sutarno, Nakagawa, Yasuaki (1968) Chalkogenides of the transition elements. VI. X-Ray, neutron, and magnetic investigation of the spinels Co₃O₄, NiCo₂O₄, Co₃S₄, and NiCo₂S₄. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 46 (22). 3463-3476 doi:10.1139/v68-576

Craig, J. R., Vaughan, D. J., Higgins, J. B. (1979) Phase relations in the Cu-Co-S system and mineral associations of the carrollite (CuCo2S4)-linnaeite (Co3S4) series. Economic Geology, 74 (3). 657-671 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.3.657

Mineralogical Magazine (1980) 43: 734.

Lee, Su Young, Watanabe, Makoto, Hoshino, Kenichi, Oomori, Tamotsu, Fujioka, Kantaro, Rona, Peter A. (2002) First report of linnaeite (Co₃S₄) and millerite (NiS) from active submarine hydrothermal deposits: Rainbow hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36˚14'N. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2002 (1) 1-21 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2002/2002-0001

(2005) Linnaeite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Hazen, Robert M., Hystad, Grethe, Golden, Joshua J., Hummer, Daniel R., Liu, Chao, Downs, Robert T., Morrison, Shaunna M., Ralph, Jolyon, Grew, Edward S. (2017) Cobalt mineral ecology. American Mineralogist, 102 (1) 108-116 doi:10.2138/am-2017-5798

Bosi, Ferdinando, Biagioni, Cristian, Pasero, Marco (2019) Nomenclature and classification of the spinel supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (1) 183-192 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2788

Localities for LinnaeiteHide

Showing 317 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the BERJAYA

symbol to view information about a locality. The BERJAYA

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. BERJAYA

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. BERJAYA

- Good crystals or important locality for species. BERJAYA

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Afghanistan
Logar Mohammad Agha District Aynak Cu deposit ⓘ Aynak Central prospect	Orris et al. (2002)
ⓘ Aynak West prospect	Orris et al. (2002)

Argentina
Córdoba Province Minas Department Ciénaga del Coro District ⓘ El Guaico mining district	Sureda (1978)
La Rioja Province ⓘ Los Llantenes mining district	de Brodtkorb +2 other references
Mendoza Province San Carlos Department Pareditas District ⓘ Portillo Argentino prospect	De Brodtkorb (2009)
Salta Province Iruya Department ⓘ La Esperanza Mine	Brodtkorb (1963)

Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex Rainbow Massif ⓘ Rainbow hydrothermal field	Lee et al. (2002)

Australia
New South Wales Clive Co. Bolivia ⓘ Silver Mine	Henley et al. (2001)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill ⓘ North Mine	Ramdohr (1950)
Northern Territory Coomalie Shire Rum Jungle ⓘ Brown's Prospect	Munro-Smith (2006)
ⓘ White's Mine	D.A.Berkman (1968)
South Australia Copper Coast Council Moonta ⓘ Moonta mines (Wallaroo and Moonta Mining; Moonta Copper Recovery Co. Ltd; Moonta Mining Scheme; Moonta Prospecting Syndicate)	Pring (1988)
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Oakden Hills ⓘ Cattle Grid deposit	Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Tasmania West Coast municipality ⓘ Mount Remus prospect (Nichol’s Reward) ?	Stillwell (1932) +1 other reference
Queenstown district Queenstown ⓘ Mount Lyell Mines	Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. +1 other reference
ⓘ North Lyell mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Prince Lyell Mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Western Australia City of Karratha Whim Creek ⓘ Mons Cupri Mine	Collins et al. (date?)
Coolgardie Shire Kambalda Kambalda Nickel mines ⓘ Durkin shaft	Ostwald (1978)
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Broad Arrow Goldfield Bardoc ⓘ Scotia Nickel Mine	Ostwald (1978)
Kondinin Shire ⓘ Crossroads Ni prospect	Marston (1984)
Leonora Shire Leinster ⓘ Weebo Bore Ni prospect (Weebo)	Marston (1984)

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg ⓘ Hüttenberger Erzberg	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Salzburg Zell am See District Leogang Hütten Schwarzleograben ⓘ Nöckelberg mining district	R.Poeverlein (2016)
Uttendorf ⓘ Totenkopf (incl. Lower Riffl glacier)	Strasser (1989)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Pernegg an der Mur Kirchdorf ⓘ S35 motorway tunnel (Kirchdorf tunnel)	Kolitsch et al. (2010)
Sankt Barbara im Mürztal Veitsch Kleinveitsch ⓘ Kaiblinggraben	Girtler et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Liezen District Schladming Obertalbach valley ⓘ Zinkwand (Neualpe)	Pribitzer (1956) +1 other reference
Murau District Neumarkt in der Steiermark Dürnstein ⓘ Mn deposit ?	Auer (2019)
Murtal District Spielberg Flatschach Cu deposit (Schönberg) ⓘ Brunngraben district	Gröbner (2000)
Tyrol Kitzbühel District Oberndorf in Tirol ⓘ Röhrerbühel (Rohrer Berg; Röhrerbichel; Röhrerbichl; Röhrerbüchel; Rerobichl)	Vohryzka (1968) +1 other reference
Schwaz District Fügenberg ⓘ Ulpen Cu deposit (Ulpen Alp; Kaunz Alp; Hochleger; Keller pass; Öxel valley) ?	- (1994, July)
Vorarlberg Bludenz District Lorüns ⓘ Limestone quarry	Kolitsch et al. (2020)

Azerbaijan
Balakan District Belokan-Avar ore district ⓘ Filizchai deposit	- (2005)

Bolivia
Potosí Nor Chichas Province ⓘ Churquini mine	Dill et al. (1997) +1 other reference

Brazil
Bahia Maracás ⓘ Rio Jacaré layered complex	Sá et al. (2005)
Pará Marabá ⓘ Salobo Mine	Vale SA

Bulgaria
Pazardzhik Province Pazardzhik Municipality Tsar Asen ⓘ Tsar Asen Mine	Singer et al. (2008)
Sofia Province Etropole Municipality ⓘ Elatsite Mine	Tarkian et al. (2003) +2 other references

Burkina Faso
Sahel Region Soum Province Nassoumbou Department ⓘ Inata mine	Avocet Mining plc

Canada
British Columbia Vancouver Island ⓘ Little Billie Mine (Little Billy; McLeod No.1 Fraction; Van Anda; Vananda) Nanaimo Mining Division	R.M.Thompson X-rayed +1 other reference
Nanaimo Mining Division Texada Island ⓘ Copper Queen Mine	R.M.Thompson X-rayed +1 other reference
ⓘ Marble Bay mine	Thompson (1949)
New Brunswick Gloucester Co. Bathurst Parish Bathurst Mining Camp ⓘ Captain deposit	- (2022)
Northwest Territories Great Slave Lake East Arm area ⓘ Labelle Peninsula	Badham et al. (1980)
ⓘ West Labelle ?	Badham et al. (1980)
Nunavut Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island Nanisivik ⓘ Nanisivik Mine	Can. Museum of Nature collection
Ontario Greater Sudbury Levack Township ⓘ Levack Mine	Ames et al. (2003)
Kenora District Werner Lake Area ⓘ Werner Lake Mine	OGS Open File 5975 +1 other reference
Nipissing District Phyllis Township ⓘ Copperfields Mine (Temagami Mine)	en.wikipedia.org (2006)
Timiskaming District Boston Township ⓘ Boston Creek Flow deposit	Econ Geol (1993)
Québec Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Haute-Gaspésie RCM Mont-Albert ⓘ Madeleine mine	Girard (1971)
Nord-du-Québec Jamésie Chapais ⓘ Opemiska mines (Opemiska Copper Complex)	Power Ore Inc.
Saskatchewan ⓘ Pinky Fault Uranium Deposit	Stylianos Augustithis (1995)

Chile
Araucanía Cautín Province ⓘ Piren Alto	Schira et al. (1990)
Atacama Huasco Province Carrizal Alto district ⓘ Armonía mine	Clark (1974)

China
Anhui Hefei Lujiang Co. ⓘ Longqiao Fe-Cu deposit	Zhang et al. (2024)
Huaibei Suixi Co. Sanpu ore field ⓘ Qianchang Mine	Chen et al. (2007)
Tongling Shizishan ore field ⓘ Laoyaling Cu-Mo deposit	Xu et al. (2011)
Guangxi Liuzhou Rongshui Co. Yuanbao Mountains (Yuanbaoshan) ⓘ Intrusion No. 68	Jun Xu (1987)
ⓘ Intrusion No. 70	Jun Xu (1987)
Hainan Changjiang Co. ⓘ Shilu Mine	Jinjie Yu et al. (2013)
Hebei Baoding Laiyuan County Futuyu-Mujicun ore field ⓘ Futuyu Cu-Fe deposit	Guoxi Ma et al. (2010)
ⓘ Geziling Cu-Fe deposit	Guoxi Ma et al. (2010)
ⓘ Xiaoligou Cu-Fe deposit	Guoxi Ma et al. (2010)
Heilongjiang Mudanjiang Dongning County ⓘ Jinchang Au deposit (Jingchang Au deposit)	赵玉锁 et al. (2014)
Jilin Baishan Hunjiang District ⓘ Dahenglu Mine	Wang et al. (2025)
Jilin Panshi City ⓘ Shizui Mine	Han Zhong et al. (1981)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Golmud City (Ge'ermu Co.) ⓘ Tuolugou Co-(Au) deposit	Zhang Dequan et al. (2002)
Huangzhong District ⓘ Sancha Cu-Ni-Au deposit	Li et al. (2022)
Shaanxi Baoji Taibai County ⓘ Shuangwang Au deposit	Defeng Hui and Naiwu Zhu (2001)
Hanzhong Lüeyang County Tongchang ore field ⓘ Dengjiayuanzi-Tongdonggou Au-Cu-polymetallic deposit	Runsheng Han et al. (2000)
Shanxi Yuncheng Yuanqu Co. ⓘ Songjiashan Co-Fe deposit	Li et al. (2024)
Zhongtiaoshan ore field ⓘ Bizigou Cu deposit (Bizhigou Cu deposit)	Yang Weihua (1996)
ⓘ Hujiayu Cu deposit	Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Danba Co. Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit ⓘ Zhengziyanwo ore block	Jianbin Zheng et al. (2004)
Panzhihua Dong District Panzhihua Fe-V-Ti-(PGE) deposit ⓘ Zhujiabaobao Mine	Liu et al. (2024)
Ya'an Hanyuan County ⓘ Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit	Kamitani et al. (2007)
Tibet Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture) Namling Co. (Nanmulin Co.) ⓘ Pusangguo deposit	Wang et al. (2022) +2 other references
Yunnan Dali Midu County ⓘ Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit (Jingbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit)	Min Liu (2002)
Nujiang Lanping County ⓘ Jinman Cu deposit	Liu Jiajun et al. (2001)
Yuxi Yimen County Yimen Cu ore field (Sanjiachang Cu ore field) ⓘ Wanbaochang Cu-(Co) deposit	Bugao Xue (1996)

Croatia
Trgovska Gora Mountains ⓘ Trgovska Gora ore field ("Tergove")	Šoštarić (2009)

Czech Republic
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District ⓘ Jáchymov	Hloušek et al. (2002)

DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kambove Territory ⓘ ~~Luishia Mine~~	Forrest Group
Shinkolobwe ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine	Gauthier et al. (1989) +2 other references
Kipushi Territory Kipushi ⓘ Kipushi Mine	Chabu (1995) +1 other reference
Lubumbashi ⓘ Ruashi Mine	Mambwe et al. (Ruashi Cu-Co Deposit)
Lualaba Mutshatsha ⓘ Kalongwe deposit	Cox et al. (2003)

Finland
North Ostrobothnia ⓘ Kuusamo	Simon et al. (1997)
ⓘ Juomasuo	Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Kitka River Valley	Vuorelainen +1 other reference
ⓘ Kouvervaara	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
South Savo Pieksämäki ⓘ Virtasalmi copper mine	Virtasalmi-Copper Database. Geological Survey of Finland (2009)
Savonlinna ⓘ Hietajärvi deposit	Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ...

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Cantal Mauriac Champs-sur-Tarentaine-Marchal ⓘ Embort	R. Pierrot
Haute-Loire Brioude Langeac Barlet ⓘ Barlet Fluorite Mine (La Drey Mine; La Dreyt Mine; La Costette Mine)	Pélisson (1989)
Saint-Beauzire ⓘ La Violette farm	Pélisson (1989)
Vieille-Brioude ⓘ Ricoules Mine (Rousseille Mine; Brugerolle Mine)	Pélisson (1989)
Brittany Finistère Châteaulin ⓘ Huelgoat	Chauris (2014)
Poullaouen ⓘ La Vieille mine	Pierrot et al. (1973)
Grand Est Bas-Rhin Sélestat-Erstein Urbeis ⓘ Sylvester Mine	Hohl (1994) +1 other reference
Vosges Saint-Dié-des-Vosges Raon-l'Étape ⓘ Trapp Quarries	Wittern et al. (1997)
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Pruines ⓘ Le Kaymar	Lheur (2023)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Nice Arrondissement Saint-Martin-Vésubie ⓘ Les Sagnes	R. Pierrot
Hautes-Alpes Briançon La Grave ⓘ Le Chazelet mine	Maury (2024)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Freiburg im Breisgau Kappel ⓘ Leopold adit (dump)	Walenta (1992)
Schauinsland ⓘ Roggenbach vein	Weiß (1990)
Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Waldshut Dachsberg Horbach ⓘ Friedrich-August Mine ?	Walenta (1992)
Karlsruhe Region Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Wiesloch ⓘ Gänsberg	undefined +2 other references
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Regen District Bodenmais ⓘ Silberberg Mine	Weiß (1990)
Upper Palatinate Cham District Lam Buchet ⓘ Fürstenzeche (Oswald Mine)	Weiß (1990)
Schwandorf District Schwarzach bei Nabburg Altfalter ⓘ Altfalter Mine	Dr. Heinz Ziehr +1 other reference
ⓘ Wölsendorf fluorite mining district	Dill et al. (2010)
Brandenburg Spree-Neiße Spremberg ⓘ Spremberg-Graustein-Schleife deposit (Spremberg-Graustein Cu deposit)	Kopp et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Hesse Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Dillenburg Nanzenbach ⓘ Neue Lust Mine	Dr. Günter Grundmann collection
Marburg-Biedenkopf Gladenbach Bellnhausen ⓘ Ludwigshoffnung Mine	Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Goslar Rammelsberg ⓘ Rammelsberg Mine	Sáez et al. (2011)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Ramsbeck	Wittern (2001)
Olpe Kirchhundem Silberg ⓘ Mercur Mine (Merkur Mine)	Weiß (1990)
Wenden Möllmicke ⓘ ~~Altenberg Mine~~	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
Siegen-Wittgenstein Hilchenbach Müsen ⓘ ~~Stahlberg Mine (Schwabengrube)~~	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
Kreuztal Ferndorf ⓘ Wildermann Mine	Weiß (1990)
Littfeld ⓘ Anna Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Heinrichssegen Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Hoher Stein Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ ~~Victoria Mine~~	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
Siegen Gosenbach ⓘ Storch und Schöneberg Mine	Wittern (2001)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld Bürdenbach ⓘ Louise Mine	Weiß (1990)
Willroth ⓘ Georg Mine	Weiß (1990)
Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Weiß (1990)
Wissen Mittelhof Steckenstein ⓘ Friedrich Mine	Weiß (1990)
Donnersbergkreis Nordpfälzer Land Obermoschel ⓘ Landsberg	Heidtke (2001)
ⓘ Stahlberg	Dreyer (1973) +1 other reference
Winnweiler Imsbach ⓘ Reich Geschiebe Mine	Noll (1984)
ⓘ Weiße Grube	Wittern (2001)
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Bad Ems-Nassau Bad Ems ⓘ Mercur Mine ?	Weiß (1990)
Lahnstein Friedrichssegen ⓘ Friedrichssegen Mine	Der Aufschluss Vol.55
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Bärenstein Niederschlag ⓘ Straßburger Glück Mine	Martin et al. (1994)
Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine	Hajek (2010)
ⓘ Marienberg mining district	Wittern (2001)
Mittelsachsen ⓘ Freiberg	Wittern (2001)
Thuringia ⓘ Ronneburg U deposit	Witzke et al. (1998)

Ghana
Western Region Tarkwa ⓘ Nsuta Mine (Insuta Mine; Nsuta-Gaywin Manganese concession; Nsuta-Wassaw)	Mücke et al. (1999)

Greenland
Sermersooq Nuuk ⓘ Isua Greenstone Belt (Isua Supercrustal Belt)	Richards et al. (1987)

India
Karnataka Chitradurga District Chitradurga ⓘ Ingaldhal copper deposits ("Ingladhal" copper deposit; Ingaldal)	Devaraju et al. (1997)
Hassan District Arsikere ⓘ Kalyadi Cu deposit	Rao et al. (1997) +1 other reference

Italy
Aosta Valley Cogne Cogne Mines ⓘ Liconi mine	Toffolo et al. (2017)
Emilia-Romagna Parma Province Berceto Corchia mine ⓘ Perboni Q. 750	Adorni F. (1997)
ⓘ Perboni Q. 770	Adorni F. (1997)
ⓘ Speranza Stope	Adorni F. (1997)
Lombardy Sondrio Province Lanzada Mt. Motta ⓘ IMI Fabi Mine (Fabi Mine; Fabi Quarry)	Bedognè (2011)
Piateda ⓘ Val Vedello uranium deposit	Bedognè et al. (2006)
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Prali ⓘ Miniere Valley	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Vanzone con San Carlo ⓘ Cani Mine	Bertolani et al. (1964) +2 other references
Vercelli Province ⓘ Alagna Valsesia	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Fabbriche Mine	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Sardinia Nuoro Province Gadoni ⓘ Funtana Raminosa Mine	Stara et al. (1999)
South Sardinia Province Gonnosfanadiga ⓘ Canale Malu (Canali Malu; Genna Spina)	Stara et al. (1996)
Fenugu Sibiri Mine ⓘ Pira Inferida	P.Stara
ⓘ Nuraxi De Togoro Prospect	Stara et al. (1996)
ⓘ Perda de Pibera Mine (Perda 'e Pibera; Riu Planu is Castangias)	Piepoli (1934)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol South Tyrol Vinschgau (Val Venosta) Latsch (Laces) ⓘ Goldrain (Coldrano)	Aachen/Deutschland. +1 other reference
Trento Province Roncegno Terme ⓘ Cinquevalli Mine	Bortolozzi et al. (2013)
ⓘ Pamera (Pammera)	Exel (1987)
Valdaone Daone Daone Valley Fumo Valley ⓘ Val di Fumo uranium occurrences	D'Agnolo M. (1966) +1 other reference
Tuscany Livorno Province Capoliveri ⓘ Cape Calamita Mine	- (n.d.)

Ivory Coast
Sassandra-Marahoué Marahoué Bouaflé department ⓘ Angovia gold mines	Coulibaly et al. (2008)

Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Khromtau District ⓘ 50 Let Oktyabrya mine	www.portergeo.com.au (2007)
Pavlodar Region Ekibastuz ⓘ Bozshakol mine	KAZ Minerals
Turkistan Region ⓘ Akbakai deposit	Baibatsha et al. (2015)

Madagascar
Sava Vohémar District Milanoa Commune ⓘ Matsaborivaky	Behier (1960)

Mexico
Chiapas Pichucalco Municipality Pichucalco ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	[var: Gold-bearing Linnaeite] Dana 6:A2:64 +1 other reference

Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Geller et al. (2012)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region ⓘ Bou Azzer mining district	Weiß (2006)

Namibia
Erongo Region Arandis Constituency ⓘ Khan Mine	Bürg et al. (1942)
Karibib Constituency Usakos Naob Farm 69 ⓘ Henderson Mine (Anderson Mine)	Bürg et al. (1942)
Kunene Region ⓘ Opuwo Rural	Melcher et al. (2022)
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Gebhard (1999)

Netherlands
ⓘ Limburg	T.G. Nijland

New Zealand
Tasman Region Pikikiruna Range ⓘ Riwaka complex	Turnbull et al. (2017)

North Macedonia
Lipkovo Municipality ⓘ Nikuštak	Vujanović (1958)
ⓘ Lipecki Dol	Antonović (1965)
ⓘ Suv Potok	Janković (1960)

Norway
Agder Evje og Hornnes Flåt ⓘ Flåt Nickel Mines ?	Koning (1947)
Akershus Eidsvoll Minnesund ⓘ Rød Prospects	Folvik et al. (2015)
Buskerud Modum Modum West ⓘ Skuterud Mines	Liessman (1994)
Rogaland Sokndal ⓘ Blåfjell Deposit	Krause et al. (1970)
Troms og Finnmark Nordreisa Reisa national park ⓘ Upper Reisaelva	Gjelsvik (1956) +1 other reference
Vaddas-Rieppe ore field ⓘ Moskodalen Mine	- (2024)

Philippines
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island Eastern Samar ⓘ Llorente river	Oberthür et al. (2017)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jawor County Gmina Bolków Radzimowice ⓘ Stara Góra deposit	Janeczek et al. (1991)
ⓘ Wilhelm Mine	Siuda (2001)
Gmina Męcinka ⓘ Męcinka	Lis et al. (1986)
ⓘ Dębowa Góra heaps	Lis et al. (1986)
ⓘ Karkonosze County	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
Gmina Janowice Wielkie Miedzianka Miedzianka field ⓘ Anton shaft ?	Lis et al. (1986)
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Lubin County ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
Wałbrzych County Gmina Walim ⓘ Dziećmorowice	Madziarz (2006)
ⓘ Gabe Gottes mine	Muszer et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Podlaskie Voivodeship Suwałki County ⓘ Suwałki Massif	Nejbert (2008)
ⓘ Jezioro Okragłe	Morgan et al. (2000)
ⓘ Krzemianka	Morgan et al. (2000)
ⓘ Lopuchowo	Kozlowski A & Wiszniewska J: (2001)
ⓘ Udryń	Morgan et al. (2000)

Romania
Bihor County Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district	Ilinca (2012)
Caraş-Severin County Ciclova Română ⓘ Ciclova deposit (Csiklova deposit)	Ilinca (2012)
ⓘ Ocna de Fier	Ilinca (2012)
ⓘ Oraviţa	Ilinca (2012)
ⓘ Sasca Montană	Constantinescu et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Hirtopanu et al. (2015) +1 other reference

Russia
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Anthony et al. (1990)
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Severniy Mine	Pekov (1998)
Kurgan Oblast Dalmatovsky District ⓘ Dalmatovskoe U deposit	Solodov et al. (2006)
Murmansk Oblast Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +6 other references
Orenburg Oblast Gaysky District ⓘ Ishkinino Co-Cu deposit	Melekestseva et al. (2013)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	Grant et al. (2001)
Republic of Karelia Kondopozhsky District ⓘ Vikshozero deposit	- (2014)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	A. Yu. Barkov et al.
ⓘ Nadezhda PGM deposit	Barkov et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Ural Mountains ⓘ Polar Urals	Hyršl (1992)
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District Kodar–Udokan ore district Udokan ⓘ Udokan mine	Prokof’ev et al. (2007)

Saudi Arabia
Medina Region ⓘ Nuqrah deposit (Nuqrah Mine)	Nehlig et al. (1999)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Revúca District Sirk ⓘ Železník iron deposit	Grecula (1995)
Rimavská Sobota District Hnúšťa ⓘ Mútnik deposit	Koděra et al. (1986)
Košice Region Rožňava District Dobšiná ⓘ Dobšiná mining district	Juraj Majzlan et al. (2021)
ⓘ Drnava	Koděra et al. (1986)
ⓘ Irma vein	Grecula (1995)
ⓘ Rožňava	Pauliš et al. (2002)

South Africa
Gauteng City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Stella intrusion	Maier et al. (2023)
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Phalaborwa ⓘ Palabora Mine	Heinrich (1970)
Mpumalanga Ehlanzeni District Municipality Mbombela Local Municipality ⓘ Barberton	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality ⓘ Okiep Copper District	Cairncross (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Spain
Andalusia Córdoba Fuente Obejuna ⓘ Navalespino Group of Mines	Carmona Ruiz +2 other references
Jaén ⓘ Linares-La Carolina mining district	Lillo Ramos (1992)
Aragon Huesca San Juan de Plan ⓘ San Carlos mine	Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Almodóvar del Campo ⓘ Minas del Horcajo	www.foro-minerales.com (2022)
Castile and Leon León Cármenes Villanueva de Pontedo ⓘ Providencia Mine	Martínez i Cantó (2015)
Crémenes ⓘ Salamón mining district (Salamón deposit)	Crespo et al. (2000)
Catalonia Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vimbodí i Poblet Bosc de Poblet ⓘ Atrevida Mine	Canet et al. (2003)
ⓘ Tacha gallery	Joan Rosell

Sweden
Dalarna County Falun Smedsbo ⓘ Kuså mine
Kalmar County Oskarshamn ⓘ Solstad mine	Söderhielm et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Västervik ⓘ Gladhammar mines	Cleve (1872)
Norrbotten County Kiruna Vittangi ⓘ Paanikielinen	IMA 18th General Meeting
Södermanland County Nyköping Tunaberg ⓘ Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field	NJMAh 166
Värmland County Arvika Glava ⓘ Glava copper mining field (Yttre Rud Mines)	Scherbina (1941)
Filipstad Nordmark mining district ⓘ Finnshytteberg ore field
ⓘ Nord mine	Burke et al. (1983)
Grums Värmskog ⓘ Grindsbol
Västmanland County Skinnskatteberg Riddarhyttan ⓘ Bastnäs Mines (TL)	Brandt (1746) +1 other reference
ⓘ St Görans Mine	Öhman et al. (2004)

Switzerland
Glarus Glarus Nord ⓘ Mürtschenalp	Stalder et al. (1998)
Grisons Albula Region Surses Bivio ⓘ Alp Tgavretga	Dietrich (1972)
Marmorera lake ⓘ Cotschens deposit	Dietrich (1972)
Surselva Region Trun Dalisch ⓘ Dalisch Mine	Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ Tiraun	Kramers (1973)
Ticino Bellinzona Bellinzona Claro Molino Valley ⓘ Pegmatite outcrop	Stalder et al. (1998)
Lugano Alto Malcantone ⓘ Firinescio Alp	Köppel (1966)
Valais Sierre Anniviers Ayer ⓘ Gollyre Mine	Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Zinal ⓘ Louchelet	Ansermet (2012)

Turkey
Diyarbakir Province Ergani District Ergani ⓘ Ergani Mine	Akinci (2009)
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Yahya Ciftci (2001)
Rize Province Çayeli District ⓘ Madenköy Mine	Akinci (2009)

Uganda
Western Region Kasese ⓘ Kilembe Mine	Cox et al. (2003) +1 other reference

UK
Wales Conwy Llandudno Great Orme ⓘ Old Mine	Day (1999)

Ukraine
Donetsk Oblast Gorlovka ⓘ Nikitovka Hg deposit (Nikitovka ore field)	[World of Stones 12:20]

USA
Alaska Matanuska-Susitna Borough Valdez Creek Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - MH026; upper East Fork Susitna River)	- (2008)
Arizona ⓘ Coconino County	Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mohave County	Wenrich et al. (1988) +1 other reference
California San Luis Obispo County Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range) Adelaide Mining District (Adelaide Klau Mining District) Adelaida Klau Mine group ⓘ Klau Mine (Sierra Morena Mine; Karl Mine; Santa Cruz Mine; Sunderland Mine; Carson Mine)	Woodhouse et al. (1957) +3 other references
Connecticut Fairfield County Trumbull Long Hill ⓘ Old Mine Plaza construction site	David Busha collection
Idaho Lemhi County Blackbird Mining District Blackbird mine complex ⓘ Blackbird Mine	USGS OFR 1998 - Open-File Report 98-478
ⓘ Jervois Idaho Cobalt Operations Mine	M. Sletten et al. (M3-PN190348)
Owyhee County ⓘ Silver City Mining District (Carson Mining District)	Simon et al. (1997)
Maine Knox County Union ⓘ Union Limestone Quarries (Knox Lime Company Quarries)	Rocks & Minerals (1955)
Piscataquis County Katahdin Iron Works ⓘ Katahdin Iron Works Mine ?	King et al. (1994)
Maryland Carroll County Finksburg Patapsco Mines ⓘ Patapsco Mine (Finksburg Mine; Orchard Mine)	Dana 7:I:264.
Louisville ⓘ Mineral Hill Mine	Dana 7:I:264. +1 other reference
Sykesville ⓘ Carroll Mine	Ostrander et al. (1940)
ⓘ Springfield Mine (Mr. Tysons Mine; Sykesville Mine)	Dana 7:I:265.
Missouri Crawford County ⓘ Viburnum No. 27 Mine	- (2005)
Dent County ⓘ Boss - Bixby Iron-copper deposit	- (2005) +1 other reference
Iron County Annapolis ⓘ Annapolis Mine	- (2005)
Bixby ⓘ Buick Mine (Amax Buick Mine; Moloc Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Casteel Mine (Viburnum No. 35 Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Magmont Mine	- (2005)
Viburnum ⓘ Viburnum No. 28 Mine	- (2005)
Jefferson County ⓘ Antire Road Quarry	Sherwood et al. (1998)
Madison County Fredericktown Mining District Fredericktown ⓘ United States Strategic Metals	- (2005)
Mine La Motte ⓘ Mine La Motte	Rocks & Minerals: 21: 277 +1 other reference
Perry County ⓘ Higdon mine	- (2005)
Reynolds County Ellington ⓘ ~~Sweetwater Mine~~	- (2005)
Greeley ⓘ Brushy Creek Mine	- (2005)
West Fork ⓘ Fletcher Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ West Fork Mine	- (2005)
St. Francois County Bonne Terre Mining District Bonne Terre ⓘ Bonne Terre Mine	- (2005)
Flat River ⓘ Flat River Mine	- (2005)
Leadwood Mining District ⓘ Leadwood Mine	- (2005)
Washington County Ebo ⓘ Indian Creek Subdistrict	- (2005)
ⓘ Viburnum No. 29 Mine	- (2005)
New York Putnam County Town of Southeast ⓘ Tilly Foster Iron Mine	- (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) +1 other reference
North Carolina Alleghany County Sparta Bald Knob ⓘ Bald Knob deposit	Frank K. Mazdab collection (see https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-226-to-fkm-250/#FKM-243 for normalized analysis)
Oregon Josephine County Takilma Mining District ⓘ Turner-Albright Mine (Mammoth Mine; Turner Mine; Turner and Albright Mine; Granore)	Strickler
Texas Llano County Oxford ⓘ Oxford Serpentine Quarry (Collins prospect) ?	Peacor D.R. et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Washington Kittitas County Cle Elum Mining District Cle Elum River ⓘ Mount Hawkins Mine	Bart Cannon +1 other reference
Lewis County Mt Rainier Mining District Eagle Peak ⓘ Eagle Peak Mine	Valentine et al. (1960) +3 other references

Zambia
Copperbelt Province Kalulushi District Chambishi ⓘ Chambishi Mine	Cox et al. (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Chibuluma Mine	https://www.mindat.org/mesg-667796.html
ⓘ Chibuluma West Mine	Cox et al. (2003)
Lusaka Province Rufunsa District ⓘ Lusakite occurrence	Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references

Zimbabwe
Matabeleland South Insiza District ⓘ Epoch Mine	Pirajno et al. (2013)
Midlands Kwekwe District ⓘ Broomstock Mine	Nutte et al. (1988) +1 other reference

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