Mumps
| Mumps | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
parotitis (en) , mumps virus infectious disease (en) herpangina (en) |
| Field of study (en) |
Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) pediatrics (en) |
| Sanadi |
Mumps virus (mul) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) |
malaise (en) , zazzaɓi, swelling (en) , pancreatitis (en) , sanƙarau, orchitis (en) , Yaduwar cututtuka xerostomia (en) |
| Disease transmission process (en) |
droplet infection (en) airborne transmission (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | B26.9 da B26 |
| ICD-9-CM | 072 |
| DiseasesDB | 8449 |
| MedlinePlus | 001557 |
| eMedicine | 001557 |
| MeSH | D009107 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:10264 |
Mumps cuta ce mai yaduwa sosai, cutar rigakafin rigakafi da kwayar cutar ta haifar.[1] Alamomin farko na mumps ba takamaiman ba ne kuma sun haɗa da zazzabi, ciwon kai, rashin lafiya, ciwon tsoka, da rashin abinci. Wadannan alamun galibi suna biye da kumburi mai zafi a gefen fuska (glandin parotid, wanda ake kira parotitis), wanda shine alamar da aka fi sani da kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka. Alamomin yawanci suna faruwa kwanaki 16 zuwa 18 bayan bayyanar kwayar cutar. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da ke fama da kamuwa da kwayar cuta ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka (marasa alamun).
Matsalolin ba su da yawa amma sun haɗa da kurma da kuma yanayin kumburi mai yawa, wanda kumburi na testes, nono, ovaries, pancreas, meninges, da kwakwalwa sune mafi yawanci. Cutar meningitis na iya faruwa a cikin 1/4 na mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan cututtuka.[2] Rashin kumburi na testicular na iya haifar da raguwar haihuwa kuma, da wuya, rashin haihuwa.
Mutane ne kawai mahaukaci na halitta na kwayar cutar mumps. Kwayar cutar mumps Kwayar cutar RNA ce a cikin dangin Paramyxoviridae . Ana yadu da kwayar cutar ne ta hanyar numfashi kamar droplets da saliva, da kuma ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye da mutumin da ya kamu da cutar. Mumps yana da yaduwa sosai kuma yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi a cikin yanayin da ke da yawan jama'a. Cutar na iya faruwa daga mako guda kafin farawar alamomi zuwa kwanaki takwas bayan haka. A lokacin kamuwa da cuta, kwayar cutar ta fara kamuwa da hanyar numfashi ta sama. Daga can, yana yaduwa zuwa glandun salivary da lymph nodes. Cutar cututtukan lymph tana haifar da kasancewar kwayar cutar a cikin jini, wanda ke yada kwayar cutar duk jikin mutum. A wuraren da cututtukan cututtuka suka zama ruwan dare, ana iya gano shi bisa ga gabatarwar asibiti. A wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da yawa, duk da haka, ana iya buƙatar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar gwajin rigakafi, al'adun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, ko sauyawar sauyawar polymerase na ainihi.
Babu takamaiman magani ga mumps, don haka magani yana tallafawa kuma ya haɗa da hutawa da sauƙaƙe zafi. Cutar Mumps yawanci tana iyakance kanta, tana zuwa ƙarshe yayin da tsarin rigakafi ya share kamu da cutar. Ana iya hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Allurar rigakafin MMR amintacce ce kuma mai tasiri don hana kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukani kuma ana amfani da ita a ko'ina cikin duniya.[3] Allurar rigakafin MMR tana kuma karewa daga kyanda da rubella. Hakanan ana iya hana yaduwar cutar ta hanyar ware mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.
Mumps a tarihi ya kasance cuta ce mai yaduwa sosai, yawanci tana faruwa a cikin barkewar cututtuka a wurare masu yawa. Idan babu allurar rigakafi, kamuwa da cuta yawanci yakan faru ne a lokacin ƙuruciya, galibi a cikin shekaru 5-9. Alamomi da rikitarwa sun fi yawa a cikin maza kuma sun fi tsanani a cikin matasa da manya. Cutar ta fi yawa a cikin hunturu da bazara a yanayin yanayi, yayin da ba a lura da yanayi a yankuna masu zafi ba. Rubutun rubuce-rubuce na mumps sun wanzu tun zamanin d ̄ a, kuma an gano dalilin mumps, kwayar cutar mumps, a 1934. A cikin shekarun 1970s, an kirkiro allurar rigakafi don karewa daga kamuwa da cuta, kuma ƙasashen da suka karɓi allurar rigakawa sun ga kusan kawar da cutar. A cikin karni na 21, duk da haka, an sake dawo da yawan shari'o'in a kasashe da yawa da ke yin allurar rigakafi, da farko tsakanin matasa da matasa, saboda dalilai da yawa kamar rage rigakafin rigakafi da adawa da allurar rigakafi.[1]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar "mumps" an fara tabbatar da ita a kusa da 1600 kuma ita ce nau'in jam'i na "mump", ma'ana "grimace", asalin aikatau ne wanda ke nufin "don yin kuka ko murmushi kamar bara". Wataƙila ana kiran cutar mumps saboda kumburi da ke haifar da parotitis, yana nuna tasirinsa akan fuska da kuma ciwo, wahalar haɗiyewa da yake haifar. An kuma yi amfani da "Mumps" tun daga karni na 17 don nufin "haɗin baƙin ciki, ƙanƙanta, rashin jin daɗi". [4] [5] Mumps wani lokacin ana kiransa "epidemic parotitis".[6][7][8]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar wallafe-wallafen likitancin kasar Sin, an rubuta Cututtukan cututtuka tun daga 640 BC.[8] Likitan Girka Hippocrates ya rubuta barkewar cutar a tsibirin Thasos a cikin kimanin 410 BC kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da cutar a cikin littafin farko na Epidemics a cikin Corpus Hippocraticum.[9][10] A zamanin yau, likitan Burtaniya Robert Hamilton ne ya fara bayyana cutar ta hanyar kimiyya a cikin 1790 a cikin Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . [11] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, cututtukan mumps na ɗaya daga cikin cututtukani da suka fi raunanawa tsakanin sojoji.[12] A cikin 1934, Claude D. Johnson da Ernest William Goodpasture ne suka gano asalin cutar, kwayar cutar mumps. Sun gano cewa Rhesus macaques da aka fallasa ga hawaye da aka karɓa daga mutane a farkon matakan cutar sun kamu da cututtukan cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari, sun nuna cewa ana iya canja wurin mumps ga yara ta hanyar tacewa da kuma sterilized, shirye-shiryen da ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayar cuta, yana nuna cewa cutar kwayar cutaa ce.[9][10]
A shekara ta 1945, an gano kwayar cutar mumps a karon farko. Bayan 'yan shekaru, a cikin 1948, an kirkiro allurar rigakafin da ba a aiki ba amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka kashe. Wannan allurar rigakafin ta ba da rigakafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma daga baya aka dakatar da ita. An maye gurbinsa a cikin shekarun 1970s tare da allurar rigakafin da ke da rayayyun ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suka fi tasiri wajen samar da rigakafin rigakafi na dogon lokaci fiye da allurar allurar rigakawa. Na farko daga cikin wadannan allurar rigakafi shine Mumpsvax, wanda aka ba da lasisi a ranar 30 ga Maris 1967, wanda ya yi amfani da nau'in Jeryl Lynn. Maurice Hilleman ya kirkiro wannan allurar rigakafin ta amfani da kwayar da aka karɓa daga 'yarsa mai shekaru biyar, Jeryl Lynn. An ba da shawarar Mumpsvax don amfani a cikin 1977, kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da nau'in Jeryl Lynn.[13][10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Mumps". www.who.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ↑ "Mumps - Complications". nhs.uk (in Turanci). 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ↑ CDC (2021-03-08). "Mumps | Vaccination | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ↑ Davis NF, McGuire BB, Mahon JA, Smyth AE, O'Malley KJ, Fitzpatrick JM (April 2010). "The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review". BJU Int. 105 (8): 1060–1065. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09148.x. PMID 20070300. S2CID 20761646.
- ↑ "mumps (n.)". Etymonline. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ↑ Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF (15 June 2010). "Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 50 (12): 1619–1628. doi:10.1086/652770. PMID 20455692. S2CID 15656133.
- ↑ "Mumps". National Center for Biotechnology Information. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- 1 2 Shu M, Zhang YQ, Li Z, Liu GJ, Wan C, Wen Y (18 April 2015). "Chinese medicinal herbs for mumps". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 (4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008578.pub3. PMC 7198052. PMID 25887348.
- 1 2 Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP (January 2015). "Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus". J Pathol. 235 (2): 242–252. doi:10.1002/path.4445. PMC 4268314. PMID 25229387.
- 1 2 3 "Tracing the story of mumps: a timeline". Pharmaceutical Technology. Pharamaceutical Technology. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ↑ Hamilton R (1790). "IX. An Account of a Distemper, by the common People in England vulgarly called the MUMPS". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 2 (2): 59–72. doi:10.1017/S0263593300027280. PMC 5550187. PMID 29139995.
- ↑ "Diseases in World War I". The United States World War I Centennial Commission. United States Foundation for the Commemoration of the World Wars. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ↑ Ramanathan R, Voigt EA, Kennedy RB, Poland GA (18 June 2018). "Knowledge gaps persist and hinder progress in eliminating mumps". Vaccine. 36 (26): 3721–3726. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.067. PMC 6031229. PMID 29784466.
