{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407749638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020309","title":"A Lightweight PCB Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8-PCB","display_name":"A Lightweight PCB Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8-PCB","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407749638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/309/pdf?version=1739953973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/309/pdf?version=1739953973","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458008","display_name":"Jianan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-1687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117382","display_name":"Anyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g9nss57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006725776","display_name":"Xin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-3105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650480","display_name":"Guoying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-1547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117382","display_name":"Anyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g9nss57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","Key Laboratory of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Anyang 455000, China","School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015106313","display_name":"Liang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-4021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117382","display_name":"Anyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g9nss57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Industry of Oracle Bone Culture in Henan Province, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100650480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210117382"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":28.7881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99716338,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"309","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9063000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5662614107131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4793623089790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.4289349913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08484113216400146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5662614107131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4793623089790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.4289349913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08484113216400146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/309/pdf?version=1739953973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/309/pdf?version=1739953973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2593728028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62162026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236636784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20242BAB26019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407749638.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407749638.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789841922","https://openalex.org/W2941001797","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3045773105","https://openalex.org/W3048070442","https://openalex.org/W3134389753","https://openalex.org/W4291653445","https://openalex.org/W4315852132","https://openalex.org/W4386280720","https://openalex.org/W4387444391","https://openalex.org/W4388145401","https://openalex.org/W4388450957","https://openalex.org/W4388915117","https://openalex.org/W4402727538","https://openalex.org/W6780929915","https://openalex.org/W6881037658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W4252608911","https://openalex.org/W2184913151","https://openalex.org/W2389426768","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W3147987719","https://openalex.org/W2599361292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tackling":[0],"the":[1,41,46,51,74,83,86,91,95,99,106,115,121,127,143,151,159,182,192,196,203,210,218,232,238],"widespread":[2],"problems":[3],"of":[4,53,63,117,166,173,179],"inaccuracies,":[5],"slow":[6],"detection":[7,16,244],"speed,":[8],"and":[9,56,65,112,138,175,209,242,258],"poor":[10],"adaptability":[11,129],"in":[12,45,68,82,158,227,245],"small":[13,79],"object":[14],"defect":[15,29,248],"on":[17,260],"PCB":[18,133,160,246],"circuits,":[19],"this":[20],"study":[21],"suggests":[22],"a":[23,69,163,168,200],"lightweight":[24,70],"printed":[25],"circuit":[26],"board":[27],"surface":[28,247],"identification":[30,76,249],"algorithm,":[31],"building":[32],"upon":[33],"an":[34,60,176],"improved":[35,152,233],"YOLOv8-PCB.":[36],"This":[37,103],"algorithm":[38,154,234],"first":[39],"introduces":[40],"C2f_SHSA":[42],"attention":[43,55],"mechanism":[44],"backbone":[47],"network,":[48,85],"which":[49,89],"unites":[50],"merits":[52],"channel":[54],"spatial":[57],"attention,":[58],"facilitating":[59],"efficient":[61,241],"fusion":[62],"local":[64],"global":[66],"features":[67,111],"manner,":[71],"thereby":[72],"enhancing":[73],"model\u2019s":[75,107,128,183,219],"preciseness":[77],"for":[78,240,256],"defects.":[80],"Subsequently,":[81],"neck":[84],"C2f_IdentityFormer":[87],"structure,":[88,97],"combines":[90],"C2f":[92,101],"structure":[93],"with":[94,135,162],"IdentityFormer":[96],"supplants":[98],"initial":[100],"structure.":[102],"enhancement":[104],"improves":[105],"sensitivity":[108],"to":[109,125,130,191],"subtle":[110],"further":[113],"optimizes":[114],"effect":[116],"feature":[118],"fusion.":[119],"Eventually,":[120],"PIoU":[122],"is":[123,186,205,213,221,252],"presented":[124],"enhance":[126],"small,":[131],"complex":[132],"defects":[134],"varying":[136],"sizes":[137],"shapes,":[139],"while":[140,217],"also":[141,253],"accelerating":[142],"mode\u2019s":[144],"convergence":[145],"speed.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"outcomes":[148],"reveal":[149],"that":[150,231],"YOLOv8-PCB":[153],"displays":[155],"remarkable":[156],"performance":[157,228],"dataset,":[161],"Recall":[164,197],"rate":[165,198],"94.0%,":[167],"mean":[169],"Average":[170],"Precision":[171],"(mAP)":[172],"96.1%,":[174],"F1":[177,211],"score":[178,212],"94.35%.":[180],"Moreover,":[181],"weight":[184,220],"size":[185],"only":[187,236],"5.2":[188],"MB.":[189],"Compared":[190],"YOLOv8n":[193],"baseline":[194],"model,":[195],"has":[199],"3.6%":[201],"improvement,":[202],"mAP":[204],"raised":[206],"by":[207,215,223],"1.8%,":[208],"enhanced":[214],"1.9%,":[216],"reduced":[222],"17.46%.":[224],"The":[225],"enhancements":[226],"metrics":[229],"confirm":[230],"not":[235],"fulfills":[237],"requirements":[239],"real-time":[243],"tasks":[250],"but":[251],"better":[254],"suited":[255],"deployment":[257],"operation":[259],"edge":[261],"devices.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
