Makyalli

Makyalli
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	electrical element (en) , electromechanical device (en) , physical switch (en) da switchgear (en)
Amfani	light switch (en)

Masu sauya wutar lantarki. Sama, hagu zuwa dama: mai fashewa da kewayon, sauya mercury, sauya wafer, sauya DIP, sauya saman, sauya reed. A kasa, hagu zuwa dama: canjin bango (style na Amurka), canjin canji na ƙarami, canjin layi, canjin maɓallin turawa, canjin rocker, microswitch. 

A cikin injiniyan Lantarki, Makyalli wani bangare ne na lantarki wanda zai iya kashewa ko haɗa hanyar gudanarwa a cikin kewayon lantarki, katse wutar lantarki ko karkatar da shi daga wani mai gudanarwa zuwa wani. Mafi yawan nau'in maƙyalli shine na'urar lantarki wanda ya kunshi ɗaya ko fiye da saiti na lambobin lantarki masu motsi waɗanda aka haɗa da da'irori na waje. Lokacin da lambobi biyu ke taɓa, halin yanzu na iya wucewa tsakanin su, yayin da lambobin suka rabu babu halin yanzu da zai iya gudana.

Ana yin sauyawa a cikin tsari daban-daban; suna iya samun saiti da yawa na lambobin sadarwa waɗanda ke sarrafawa ta wannan maɓallin ko mai aiki, kuma lambobin sadarwa na iya aiki a lokaci guda, a jere, ko a madadin. Ana iya sarrafa sauyawa da hannu, alal misali, sauya haske ko maɓallin keyboard, ko kuma yana iya aiki azaman ma'anar ma'ana don jin matsayin ɓangaren na'ura, matakin ruwa, matsin lamba, ko zafin jiki, kamar thermostat. Akwai siffofi na musamman da yawa, kamar sauya sauyawa, sauya juyawa, sauyawar mercury, sauya maɓallin, sauya sauya, da kuma fashewar kewayon. Amfani na yau da kullun shine kula da hasken wuta, inda za'a iya haɗa sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin da'irar ɗaya don ba da damar sarrafa kayan aikin haske. Masu sauyawa a cikin da'irori masu ƙarfi dole ne su sami gini na musamman don hana lalacewa lokacin da aka buɗe su.

Bayyanawa

Sauye-sauye uku na dannawa

Mafi sanannun hanyar sauyawa shine na'urar Lantarki da ke aiki da hannu tare da ɗaya ko fiye da saiti na lambobin lantarki, waɗanda aka haɗa su da da'irori na waje. Kowane saiti na lambobi na iya kasancewa a cikin ɗayan jihohi biyu: ko dai "rufe" ma'ana lambobin sadarwa suna taɓa kuma wutar lantarki na iya gudana tsakanin su, ko "buɗe", ma'ana lambobi sun rabu kuma sauyawa ba ta da gudana. Hanyar da ke aiwatar da canji tsakanin waɗannan jihohi biyu (buɗe ko rufe) yawanci (akwai wasu nau'ikan ayyuka) ko dai "wani mataki" (flip sauyawa don ci gaba "a" ko "a" kashe") ko "na ɗan lokaci" (tushen "a" da saki don "a" nau'in).

Tattaunawa

Canja wurin sauyawa a cikin matsayi na "on"

A cikin mafi sauki yanayin, sauyawa yana da ɓangarori biyu masu gudanarwa, sau da yawa ƙarfe, da ake kira lambobin sadarwa, an haɗa su da kewayon waje, wannan taɓawa don kammala (yin) da'irar, kuma ya rabu don buɗe (ya karya) da'ira. An zaɓi kayan hulɗa don juriya ga lalata, saboda yawancin ƙarfe suna samar da oxides masu rufewa waɗanda zasu hana sauyawa daga aiki. Hakanan ana zaɓar kayan hulɗa bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki, tauri (tsayayya da lalacewa), ƙarfin inji, farantin farashi da ƙarancin guba. Samun yadudduka na oxide a saman lamba, da kuma tsananin farfajiyar da matsin lamba, ƙayyade juriya ta lamba, da ruwa na yanzu na sauyawa na inji. Wani lokaci ana rufe lambobin sadarwa da ƙarfe masu daraja, saboda kyakkyawan halayensu da juriya ga lalata. Ana iya tsara su don gogewa da juna don tsaftace duk wani gurɓataccen. Ana amfani da masu gudanarwa marasa ƙarfe, kamar filastik mai gudanarwa, wani lokacin. Don hana samar da isulating oxides, ana iya ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ruwa mai narkewa don ƙirar sauyawa da aka ba shi.

Ayyuka masu saurin kai

Lokacin da aka kashe nauyin inductive mai ƙarfi kamar Motar lantarki, halin yanzu ba zai iya sauka nan take zuwa sifili ba; hasken zai tsalle a fadin lambobin buɗewa. Dole ne a kimanta sauyawa don nauyin inductive don magance waɗannan lokuta. Hasken zai haifar da tsangwama na lantarki idan ba a hana shi ba; cibiyar sadarwa ta mai tsayayya da capacitor a cikin jerin za ta murkushe hasken.