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Bloom’s 2-sigma problem · 1984

A tutor’s method,for everyone.

Bloom is an AI tutor. Give it a topic or your own materials and it writes an outline, then teaches one lesson at a time, writing each next lesson from what you highlighted, what you asked and what you wrote back.

500 free credits on sign-up, no card needed

+2σConventional class1-on-1 tutoredTop 2%
Fig. 1 Score distributions of the two groups in the 1984 study (illustrative)

01 Why it works

One-on-one tutoring works. It just doesn’t scale.

In 1984 the educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom reported that students taught one-on-one performed about two standard deviations better than students in a conventional classroom, which puts the average tutored student at roughly the 98th percentile of the classroom group.

He called it the 2 Sigma Problem: the effect is real, but one-on-one tutoring is too costly to give every student.

What Bloom tries to do is hand you the way a good tutor teaches.

+2σ Bloom’s 1984 report: tutored students about two standard deviations above the classroom group

01

A tutor sees where you are

A good tutor notices what you got and what you didn’t, then changes the next explanation. Bloom works from the same signals: what you highlighted, what you asked and what you wrote back.

02

You move on when you’re ready

Your outline is a checklist of things to master, and each lesson builds on the last one and on your answers. When the list is done, Bloom writes an assessment and a course summary.

03

You meet what you’ve learned again

Each new lesson revisits the previous lesson’s questions, responds to your answers and brings earlier ideas into new examples.

02 How it works

One loop, repeated until you’ve got it

The rhythm a good tutor follows. The difference is that each next step is written from what you actually did.

01

Set the outline

Name a topic or bring your own materials. Bloom writes an outline of things to master first.

02

Read a lesson

One focused lesson at a time, instead of a wall of text.

03

Highlight and ask

Select the sentence that lost you and ask about it. The answer appears beside the passage, and you can keep following up until it clicks.

04

Write feedback

Answer the reflection questions: what was clear, what wasn’t, and what you want to explore next.

Then repeat

The next lesson is written from you.

Bloom writes it from your answers, highlights and feedback, until the outline is done. Then you take an assessment and read a course summary.

03 Three ways in

Start from whatever you have in front of you

No setup. Choose one when you create a course.

A topic or your materials

Billed by usage

Say what you want to learn, or drop in PDF, TXT or Markdown files. Bloom writes the outline and lessons around your goal, using your materials as evidence. Charged by actual usage.

Project files

Free import

Drop in files, a folder or a ZIP. Each document gets its own page to read as-is and highlight to ask about. Importing is free; AI questions are charged by usage.

Web article

Free import

Paste a link to a public article. Bloom keeps its text and images on a clean, readable page. Importing is free; AI questions are charged by usage.

Illustration of a lesson page: the lesson list on the left, a highlighted passage with its Q&A beside it, and a few panels on the right.

04 Features

Built around how tutoring works

Each part of Bloom is there to keep the lesson matched to you.

Writes an outline from your goal

Your goal becomes an outline of concrete things to master. Choose a simple, standard or in-depth version when you create the course.

Answers right on the passage

Highlight any passage in a lesson or a source document and ask about it. Answers stream in as they are written, and follow-ups stay in the same thread.

Builds on your answers

Each new lesson reviews your reflection answers, replies to the passages you highlighted, and then moves on to what is still unclear.

Cites your sources

PDFs and Markdown files keep their page numbers and sections, so lessons can point back to where something came from.

Suggests what to learn next

Bloom suggests three topics that build on what you have learned. Save ideas for later or start one straight away.

Tracks what you learn each day

A calendar and activity map show what you studied each day, along with your streak and how many lessons you have read and questions you have asked.

05 Principles

Four ideas doing the heavy lifting

Mastery learning

The outline is a checklist of things to master, each one something you can explain and use. What isn’t mastered yet keeps coming back in later lessons.

Socratic questioning

Questions first, answers second. Every lesson ends with reflection questions, and your answers carry into the next one.

Spaced review

Each lesson opens by revisiting the last one’s questions, so what you’ve learned gets another pass inside the new material.

Adaptive path

The goal is fixed, the route isn’t. The next lesson is written from your highlights, questions and feedback, not from a fixed lesson plan.

06 Pricing

Buy when you need it, pay as you use it

Subscribe monthly for the best price per credit (cancel anytime), or buy one-time credit packs that never renew.

See pricing and details
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Three credit packs

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Three monthly plans

  • Starter monthly

    7,000 credits a month · valid for that month, no rollover

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  • Standard monthlyRecommended

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  • Pro monthly

    30,000 credits a month · valid for that month, no rollover

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Credits from packs are valid for 12 months from payment. Credits from a monthly plan are valid for that month and don’t roll over. The 500 free credits new accounts receive stay valid for 365 days from sign-up.

How credits are calculated

Pay for actual token usage

1 credit = CNY 0.01. Input, output and cached tokens use the model’s peak rates, multiplied by 3.00. Calls within one action are combined; internal repairs are paid by Bloom.

Initially reserves up to 100 credits, adding more from your balance if needed. Actual usage is settled on completion. USD rates convert at CNY 7.3/USD.

07 FAQ

Questions people ask before starting

Straight answers about what Bloom does, how it teaches and what it costs.

About Bloom

What exactly is Bloom?
Bloom (bloomtutor.app) is a private AI tutor that runs in your browser. Tell it what you want to learn, or drop in your own materials, and it writes an outline of things to master, then teaches one lesson at a time. What you highlight, what you ask and the feedback you write decide how the next lesson is written. There is nothing to install.
What can I learn with Bloom?
Anything that can be taught in writing: a new field such as programming, machine learning, economics or psychology; a textbook or a research paper; a long report, a codebase or an article online. People use it to get a structured start in an unfamiliar subject, turn a book into a step-by-step course, understand documents and code they have to take over at work, and learn a topic properly before an exam or an interview.
How is Bloom different from chatting with ChatGPT or another AI assistant?
A chat answers whatever you type, and earlier context drifts away as the conversation grows. Bloom keeps a plan: an outline of things to master, lessons in order, your questions saved on the passages they are about, and your feedback carried into the next lesson. Each new lesson opens by reviewing your answers to the last one’s questions, then covers what is still unclear. When the outline is done, you get an assessment and a course summary.
How does Bloom draw on the 2-sigma research?
Benjamin Bloom’s 1984 finding, published as “The 2 Sigma Problem” in Educational Researcher, was that students tutored one-on-one scored about two standard deviations above students in conventional classrooms, roughly the 98th percentile of the classroom group. Bloom applies three practices behind that result to its outlines, lessons and exercises: attention to where each learner is, adapting to feedback, and mastery learning, where you move on once a point is understood.

How learning works

How does a course work?
Start by writing your learning goal; if it is too vague, Bloom asks you one or two questions first. It then drafts an outline that you can edit directly or ask it to rewrite, and once you confirm, it writes lesson 1. Each lesson ends with 2–3 reflection questions. Write your answers and feedback, tell Bloom you have finished reading, and the next lesson is written from them. When every point on the outline is covered, Bloom writes an assessment and then a course summary.
How does asking about a highlighted passage work?
Select any sentence you don’t understand, in a lesson, an uploaded PDF, a Markdown or code file, or a saved web article, and ask about it. The answer streams in beside the passage, you can keep asking follow-ups, and the whole thread stays attached to that sentence so you can reopen it later. In a topic course, your questions also shape the next lesson. If you only want to keep a passage, you can mark it without asking.
Can I set the difficulty and the teaching style?
Yes. When you create a course, choose a learning depth: Simple (about 8–10 key points, just the main path), Standard (about 10–12, covering concepts, reasoning and practice) or In-depth (about 12–15, with principles, edge cases and counterexamples). Under Teaching style in your account, pick how Bloom explains: Step by step, Guided questions, Everyday analogies, Learning by doing, Straight to the point, Careful reasoning, or your own instructions. Feedback after a lesson can apply to the next lesson only or to all following lessons.
What language are the courses in?
You choose English or 中文 when you create a course, and the outline, lessons and answers to your questions all use that language. It defaults to your interface language and can’t be changed afterwards. A saved web article keeps its original language while answers come in the language you picked, so you can read a Chinese article and ask about it in English, or the other way round.
What happens after I finish a course?
Learn next suggests three topics based on everything you have studied: one to build foundations, one to make connections and one to explore further. Save them for later or start one right away. The Knowledge map places each of your courses on one shared knowledge tree, where courses meet at their common branches. In My notes you can search every highlight and answer, and export them as one Markdown file.

Materials and sharing

What files can I upload, and how large can they be?
A course from a topic or your materials takes PDF, TXT and Markdown files, and you can also paste up to 50,000 characters of notes. Project files read many more formats: PDFs display as the original with zoom; Word (including equations), PowerPoint, Excel, CSV, EPUB (split into chapters), Jupyter notebooks and saved web pages become readable pages with their images; Markdown keeps its formatting, code gets syntax highlighting and ZIP archives are unpacked. Legacy .doc and .ppt files, and WPS, Apple and OpenDocument formats, are skipped with a note on how to re-save them. You can add up to 50 files at a time, 20 MB per file and 50 MB in total, and PDFs of up to 500 pages.
What is the difference between a topic course, project files and a web article?
A topic course is a full course: Bloom writes the outline and lessons around your goal, and any materials you attach are distilled into key points it teaches from, with sources noted in the outline. Project files have no outline and no generated lessons: each file becomes its own page to read as-is and ask about, which suits going through a document page by page or getting to know a codebase. A web article turns a link to a public article into a clean page with its text and images. Importing project files and web articles is free; only AI questions are billed.
PDFs are hard to read on my phone. Can Bloom help?
Try PDF reading (experimental). Upload up to 5 PDFs with 100 pages in total, and Bloom has a vision model read each page and turn it into reflowable text, with formulas, tables and figures kept in their original order, so it is easy to read on a phone and to highlight precisely. Each PDF becomes one lesson you can ask about at any time, and the original is kept for comparison. Conversion is charged by actual usage; a 15-page paper usually takes about half a minute, and formulas, tables or figures are occasionally misread.
Can I share a course or learn together with others?
Yes, in two ways. A share link sends one lesson or the whole course as it is at that moment, and anyone can read it without signing in. You choose whether to include your highlights and answers; your uploaded originals stay private unless you tick them, and you can revoke the link at any time. A reader who wants to continue can copy it into their own account for free. Learn together lets several people share one live course: anyone with the link and the 6-character share code can join, everyone sees each other’s highlights, questions and feedback, and whoever takes an action pays for it.

Pricing, privacy and more

Is Bloom free? How does pricing work?
New accounts get free credits with no card required, so you can start learning before deciding anything. After that you can subscribe monthly for the best price per credit (cancel anytime) or buy one-time credit packs that never renew. Credits are settled by actual usage, and importing project files or web articles costs nothing. The Pricing page lists current prices, how many credits each pack holds and how long they stay valid.
How do credits work?
Creating a course from a topic or your materials, writing the next lesson, asking about a passage you select and refreshing suggestions cost credits. Bloom reserves credits first and charges the actual usage when it finishes; every charge is listed in Credits & billing. If a generation fails on our side, the credits are returned. You buy credits on the Pricing page, as packs or a monthly plan; it also lists what new accounts receive and how long credits stay valid.
What happens to my materials and courses?
Your courses, notes and uploads are stored in your account so you can come back to them. To write lessons and answers, the relevant text is sent to an AI model provider. We don’t sell your personal data. The Privacy Policy has the details.
Does Bloom work on my phone? Do I need to install anything?
There is nothing to install: Bloom runs in the browser and adapts to computers, tablets and phones, and on a touch screen you long-press to select text and ask about it. The interface comes in English and Chinese, with a light, dark or system theme. You sign in with a Google or GitHub account.
Is Bloom open source?
There is an open-source edition. The Li-Evan/Bloom repository on GitHub is MIT-licensed and contains a set of Claude Code skills, for learning with Claude Code in the terminal with lessons saved as Markdown files, plus a web app you can host yourself. bloomtutor.app is the hosted version: no models or servers to set up, just sign in and start learning.

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