Currently reading the book "The Johnstown Flood" by David McCullough. I think it was a Facebook post that started me on this journey. Doing a little research I see they also had a flood there in 1939 and 1977. But the one in 1889 was a big one.
The author did a great job researching. The dam started out as a reservoir for the local vicinity (including Johnstown) for the usual droughts that they experienced during the hot summers. The reservoir was part of a canal that connected Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. The state decided to build a dam, it took over 15 years, they ran out of money. It was finally completed in 1853. By then there was no use for it.
A new RR line was created, the canal was not used any longer so the dam and the surrounding land was sold a few times with nobody taking any care of the dam. A group of wealthy millionaires purchased the land to create a posh country club retreat where they could escape to from the city. They increased the water area of the dam to make a lake so they could boat and fish. The dam did break a little in 1862 and they cheaply repaired it. It was during a drought so no damage was done, but this began the rumors every year about the dam breaking. This was the running joke every summer until people just laughed it off and ignored it.
The original dam had two spillways built into it - one on each side. Over the years, the locals stole the metal and the spillways collapsed and were not any use. The water's only way to escape was through holes in the rocks and splits or over the top of the dam.
In May of 1889 it had rained a deluge for several hours and days. There were people who checked on the dam and they tried to warn the town, but almost everybody laughed it off. "Never happen" they said. Until it did.
The flood was devastating. A flood of this magnitude is not only water. It had crashed through bridges, trees, rocks, mud and some little towns along the way (add houses and timber to the pile) before hitting Johnstown so the front of the flood was solid debris. The water was pushing with a horrendous force behind it. The debris grew to include pieces and whole parts of animals and humans. Some did heed the warning and ran up the hill to safety. Others did not make it out. Some were rescued out of the water by others and some rode beds, planks, trees or the roof of a house until they were long out of sight. Some were never seen again. A few survived when they were given the opportunity, most perished. People were found drowned several miles downstream.
And during all of this the rain was pelting down and it was freezing cold. The force of the water ripped most or all of the clothing off the poor souls so if they did survive on top of something or in their attic they had to wait it out overnight in the icy cold exposed to the rain. Some managed to get pulled into a house or building that managed to remain standing by other survivors. They did the best they could to cover the people but there was very little that had not been washed away. Others were stranded in a tree overnight exposed to the cold. Fires broke out due to natural gas leaks and bridges that did survive also caught fire. The smell was horrible. Burning oil, muck, timber, human bodies and animals and every kind of household item.
After the flood the survivors (a lot of them were in shock) started to gather the bodies and nurse the injured. They had nothing. No paper, no pencils, no bandages - they ripped up clothes or bed sheets from places that had survived but there was not near enough. The outside world could not get there but by foot until the RR rebuilt the train tracks that had been washed away. Then help poured in from all over. Money, supplies and humans came to help via the RR. It did not stop. The military was called in to keep the order. Clara Barton (red cross) brought her crew in and did an amazing job. Of course there were false stories in the printed papers - it was just chaos.
Most of the blame was put on the millionaire's resort building the lake up and neglecting to take proper care of the dam. A poem appeared:
Many thousand human lives—
Butchered husbands, slaughtered wives,
Mangled daughters, bleeding sons,
Hosts of martyred little ones,
(Worse than Herod’s awful crime)
Sent to heaven before their time;
Lovers burnt and sweethearts drowned,
Darlings lost but never found!
All the horrors that hell could wish,
Such was the price that was paid for—fish!
The lake was for boating and fishing. There were several law suits but really - the survivors of Johnstown with nothing left against millionaires and their lawyers? Get real.
The author wrote a paragraph that just really hit home. He wrote the book in 1968 but it just feels like this paragraph is fitting for today's world. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Here is what he wrote:
Was it not the likes of them (rich men) that were bringing in the hunkies, buying legislatures, cutting wages, and getting a great deal richer than was right or good for any mortal man in a free, democratic country? Old-timers said that with every gain they made people were losing something. If that was so, people were beginning to think a little more about just what it was they might be losing, and to whom. And the more they thought about it, and especially the workingmen, the less they liked it.
Since time immemorial, right?