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Previously, "Louis" showed you the
Maui, a Matson "lolo" freighter. Today you see the
Lurline at the same pier at the Port of Oakland. This
Lurline is the latest in a series of Matson ships with that name.
Lurline is a "roro" freighter. (A "lolo" freighter is designed for cargo containers to be
lifted
on,
lifted
off, while a "roro" freighter is designed for vehicles which are
rolled
on,
rolled
off.) The
Lurline and
Maui serve Hawaii from the Port of Oakland.
The Matson line has been linked with Hawaii from its founding in San Francisco in 1882 by Captain William Matson. In 1887, Matson sold his first ship and acquired a brigantine, the
Lurline. It was from this first
Lurline that the company's tradition of having a
Lurline in its fleet was begun. (This is similar to the U.S. Navy tradition of having a
Hornet.) The second
Lurline, a passenger ship, entered the Hawaii service in 1908. The third
Lurline, a true luxury liner began her Hawaii voyages in 1932. The
Lurline seen above continues the Matson tradition.
Captain Matson's daughter was named Lurline. In 1914, Lurline Matson married William Roth, who became involved in the Matson Navigation Company and later became its chairman. In 1937, William and Lurline Roth bought the
Filoli estate on the peninsula south of San Francisco.
It was the Matson line that introduced containerized shipping. The very first cargo crane for container ships was built at the foot of 7th Street at the Port of Oakland. This crane is still in service.
The concept of containerization grew from a Matson study begun in 1956 when a research department was established. Its first major assignment was to develop the most modern, efficient and economical means of transporting cargo to and from Hawaii. The result was Matson's freight containerization program, which revolutionized Pacific cargo carrying. In 1958, Matson’s S.S.
Hawaiian Merchant departed San Francisco Bay carrying 20 containers on deck, inaugurating containerization in the Pacific. When the
Hawaiian Citizen entered service in April 1960, with a capacity for 436 24-foot containers, it was the first all-container carrier in the Pacific service. The fleet improvement program continued, with Matson freighters converted to combination container and bulk sugar or to container and automobile carriers.
A major ship construction program was undertaken in the late 1960s. When the S.S.
Hawaiian Enterprise (later named
Manukai) entered service in March 1970, it carried a record load of 1,165 containers and clipped more than a day from the regular 5 1/2 day run from the mainland to Hawaii. Also in 1970, in line with the decision to concentrate on its Pacific Coast-Hawaii freight service, Matson sold its passenger vessels and suspended its Far East service.
Matson's containerization program was fought bitterly and often violently by the Longshoreman's Union in San Francisco. The upshot of this was that Matson, soon followed by other major shippers, including the American President Line, pulled out of San Francisco altogether, relocating to Oakland. The Port of Oakland boomed, becoming one of the premier West Coast ports. San Francisco has never recovered as a shipping port.