The Very High Premature Mortality Rate among Active Professional Wrestlers Is Primarily Due to Cardiovascular Disease

Herman, Christopher W.; Conlon, Anna; Rubenfire, Melvyn; Burghardt, Andrew R.; McGregor, Stephen J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109945

PLoS ONE

2014

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109945

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The Very High Premature Mortality Rate among Active Professional Wrestlers Is Primarily Due to Cardiovascular Disease

Christopher W. Herman

¹

,

Anna Conlon

²

,

Melvyn Rubenfire

³

et al.

Abstract: PurposeRecently, much media attention has been given to the premature deaths in professional wrestlers. Since no formal studies exist that have statistically examined the probability of premature mortality in professional wrestlers, we determined survival estimates for active wresters over the past quarter century to establish the factors contributing to the premature mortality of these individuals.MethodsData including cause of death was obtained from public records and wrestling publications in wrestlers who… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Disconcertingly, these athletes do not exhibit reduced cardiovascular disease mortality compared with the general population [25]. For instance, wrestlers, especially those grappling with morbid obesity, encounter heightened cardiovascular disease-induced mortality [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taste of ambrosia: Do Olympic medalists live longer than Olympic losers?

Kovbasiuk

¹

,

Ciechanowski

²

,

Jemielniak

³

2024

Scand J Public Health

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Disconcertingly, these athletes do not exhibit reduced cardiovascular disease mortality compared with the general population [25]. For instance, wrestlers, especially those grappling with morbid obesity, encounter heightened cardiovascular disease-induced mortality [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taste of ambrosia: Do Olympic medalists live longer than Olympic losers?

Kovbasiuk

¹

,

Ciechanowski

²

,

Jemielniak

³

2024

Scand J Public Health

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…In another study, power sport participation was even associated with an increased risk of CVD compared to this population [35]. In fact, the majority of small studies actually seem to point towards an increased mortality in certain power sports (such as American football) compared to other sport disciplines [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Long-term Outcome In Professional Athletesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Athletes and Hypertension

Schweiger

¹

,

Niederseer

²

,

Schmied

³

et al. 2021

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Briefly, 912 participants who underwent health check-ups in Murakami Memorial Hospital from March 2204 to December 2012 were included. Exclusion criteria: (1) participants treated with hormones; (2) participants using oral contraceptives; (3) participants who tested positive for hepatitis B virus; (4) HCV-positive participants; (5) participants in pregnancy (women); (6) ankle-brachial index (ABI) value less than 0.95. Current research is the secondary analysis based on a previous study, thus it is not necessary to provide participants' informed consent and approval by the ethics committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between uric acid and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study

Luo

¹

,

Zhuo

²

2020

Sci Rep

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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