close
Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Oct 6:(622):47-84.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.622.8682. eCollection 2016.

Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile

Antonio D Brescovit  1 , Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz  1
Affiliations

Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile

Antonio D Brescovit et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

New members of the spider family Caponiidae from Brazil and Chile are presented. Three new species in previously known genera are described: Taintnops papososp. n. from Chile, and the Brazilian Tisentnops mineirosp. n. and Tisentnops onixsp. n., both belonging to a genus known only from its damaged type. Additionally, two new non-nopine Brazilian genera are proposed: Nasutonopsgen. n. including three new species: Nasutonops chapeusp. n., Nasutonops sincorasp. n. and Nasutonops xaxadosp. n.; and Carajasgen. n., known only from the type species Carajas parauasp. n. Both new genera have entire, rather than sub-segmented tarsi. Therefore, they are not included in the caponiid subfamily Nopinae. Nasutonopsgen. n. is characterized by the presence of a projected clypeal horn, unique among caponiids. Additionally, the first blind caponiids are described: Tisentnops mineirosp. n. from the state of Minas Gerais and Carajas parauasp. n. from the state of Pará. Both of these species are found only in caves and completely lack eyes.

Keywords: Neotropical region; Taxonomy; haplogynae; new genus; new species.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Tisentnops mineiro sp. n., male holotype (A–G, J), female paratype, IBSP 191294 (H–I). A habitus, dorsal view B mouthparts, ventral view C leg I, prolateral view D left male palp, ventral view, showing alveolus (bulb removed) E male bulb, prolateral view F same, retrolateral view G left male palp, prolateral view (bulb removed) H female external genitalia, ventral view I carapace, ventral view J male femur I, retrolateral view.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
SEM images of Tisentnops mineiro sp. n., female (IBSP 191297) (A–L). A–B chelicerae, ventral view C left endite, ventral view D detail on left endite, ventral view E right endite and labium, ventral view F detail apical on right endite, ventral view G base of right endite, ventral view H left pedipalp, retrolateral view I tip detail of left pedipalp, retrolateral view J femur of left pedipalp, retrolateral view K right pedipalp, prolateral view L tip detail of right pedipalp, prolateral view.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
SEM images of Tisentnops mineiro sp. n., female (IBSP 191301) (A–I), female (IBSP 191297) (J–L). A right tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I, prolateral view B tarsal organ on leg I, dorsal view C tricobothrial base on leg I, dorsal view D claws on left tarsus I, prolateral view E claws on left tarsus IV, prolateral view F same, detail unpaired claw, prolateral view G female internal genitalia, dorsal view H same, posterior view I same anterior view J same, dorsal view K same, detail of receptaculum, dorsal view L same, anterior view (mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars; Vb = V-shaped bar).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Tisentnops mineiro sp. n., male from Moeda, Minas Gerais (A–C), female from Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais (IBSP 191313) (D–E), Tisentnops onix sp. n., male holotype (F–H), female paratype (I–J). Taintnops paposo sp. n. from Taltal, Antofagasta, Chile (K). A left pedipalp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D sclerotized parts of internal genitalia, ventral view E same, dorsal view F left pedipalp, prolateral view G same, ventral view H same, retrolateral view I sclerotized parts of internal genitalia, ventral view J same, dorsal view K internal genitalia, ventral view (mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars; Vb = V-shaped bar). Scale bars: A–C, F–H = 1 mm, D–E, I–K = 0.5 mm.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Tisentnops onix sp. n., female holotype (A–I). A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view E ocular area, dorsal view F abdomen, genital area, ventral view G mouthparts, ventral view H leg I, prolateral view, showing long hairs I spinnerets, ventral view.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Taintnops paposo sp. n. from Taltal, Antofagasta, Chile, female paratype (A–J) A habitus, dorsal view B carapace, ocular area, dorsal view C carapace, ventral view D leg I, metatarsus and tarsus distal, retrolateral view E pedipalp, prolateral view F same, retrolateral view G leg I, prolateral view H genital area, ventral view I spinnerets, posterior view J same, ventral view.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
SEM images of Taintnops paposo sp. n., female paratype (A–I) A chelicerae, ventral view B left endite and labium, ventral view C left serrula, ventral view D left pedipalp, prolateral view E same, distal area, prolateral view F paired claws on right leg I, prolateral view G trichobotria base on leg II, dorsal view H sensilla on leg II, dorsal view I paired claws on right leg IV, prolateral view.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Nasutonops xaxado sp. n., male from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (A–F) female, same locality (G–L) A habitus, dorsal view B carapace, lateral view C ocular area, lateral view D left pedipalp, prolateral view E same, retrolateral view F same, ventral view G habitus, dorsal view H same, ventral view I carapace, ventral view J ocular area, dorsal view K genital area, ventral view L spinnerets, ventral view.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
SEM images of Nasutonops xaxado sp. n., male from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (A–L) A carapace, lateral oblique view B ocular area, lateral oblique view C striated area between posterior eyes, detail, dorsal view D clypeal projection, lateral view E same with chelicerae, anterior view F same, anterior view G chelicerae, stridulatory area, lateral view H serrula, lateral view I left pedipalp, retrolateral view J embolus, retrolateral view K tip of embolus, distal area L bulb, ventral view.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
SEM images of Nasutonops xaxado sp. n., male (A–D) and female (E–L) from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. A paired claws on right leg II, prolateral view B unpaired claw on right leg II, prolateral view C trichobothria base on right leg II, dorsal view D tarsal organ on right leg II, dorsal view E ocular area, lateral oblique view F same, anterior view G chelicerae, stridulatory area, lateral view H clypeal projection, lateral view I same, dorsal view J striated area between posterior eyes, detail, dorsal view K stridulatory pick on left pedipalp, prolateral view L distal area of left pedipalp, anterior view.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Nasutonops xaxado sp. n., female from Serra Talhada, Pernambuco (A–B) Nasutonops chapeu sp. n., male and female from Irecê, Bahia (C–G), Nasutonops sincora sp. n., female from Contendas do Sincorá, Bahia (H–I) (A–B, F–G, H–I) female internal genitalia A, F, H dorsal view B, G, I anterior view (C–E) male palp, A prolateral view B ventral view D prolateral view (if = internal transversal fold, psb = pair of sclerotized bars). Scale bars: A–G 0.5 mm.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Nasutonops sincora sp. n., female from Contendas do Sincorá, Bahia (A–G). A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C carapace, ventral view D ocular area, lateral view E same, dorsal view F genital area, ventral view G spinnerets, ventral view. Nasutonops xaxado sp. n. (H–J) H SEM images of internal genitalia, dorsal view I same, posterior view J same, anterior view (if = internal transversal fold; psb = pair of sclerotized bars). Scale bars: A–G 0.5 mm.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Carajas paraua sp. n., male (A–F) and female (G–K) from Parauapebas, Pará. A habitus dorsal view B same, ventral view C left leg I, prolateral view D left leg IV, prolateral view E left pedipalp, prolateral view F same, retrolateral view G left pedipalp prolateral view H same, retrolateral view I habitus, dorsal view J carapace, ventral view K genital area, ventral view.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
SEM images of Carajas paraua sp. n., male from type locality. A carapace, ocular area, dorsal view B carapace, ventral view C left chelicerae, prolateral view D mouthparts, ventral view E labium, distal area, ventral view F labium, distal area, prolateral view G paired claws on right leg IV, prolateral view H right tibiae and metatarsus I showing long trichobotria, prolateral view I tricobothria base on right leg I, dorsal view J pedipalp, prolateral view (inset: detail of embolus) K bulb, dorsal view L same,ventral view (inset: detail of embolus).
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
SEM images of Carajas paraua sp. n., three females (IBSP 161403) specimen 1 (A–J), specimen 2 (K), specimen 3 (L) A carapace, ocular area, dorsal view B pedipalp, retrolateral view C same, distal area, prolateral view D chelicerae, ventral view E same, distal area showing fang, ventral view F same, prolateral view G claws on left leg I, prolateral view H claws on left leg IV, dorsal view I tarsal organ on left leg IV, dorsal view J internal genitalia, dorsal view K same, dorsal view L same, anterior view (if = internal transversal fold; mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars).
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
Carajas paraua sp. n., male from IBSP 161191 (A–C) and female from IBSP 191285 (D). A left pedipalp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D internal genitalia and tracheae tubes, dorsal view (mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars). Scale bars: A–D 0.5 mm.
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
Tisentnops mineiro sp. n. (A), Tisentnops onix sp. n. (B–D), Carajas paraua sp. n. (E–I). A adult female on the soil B Gruta da Taboa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, showing the rocks on the soil where specimens of Tisentnops onix sp. n. were collected C adult female on the soil D same E adult female on rock F adult male on rock G adult female on rock H immature on rock I same.
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Distribution maps of Tisentnops mineiro sp. n (white circles) and Tisentnops onix sp. n. (white triangles) from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Figure 19.
Figure 19.
Distribution maps of Nasutonops species from the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil, and Taintnops paposo sp. n. from Chile.
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
Distribution map of Carajas paraua sp. n. (white circles) from the Carajás area, northern Brazil.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bittencourt JS, Vasconcelos AG, Carmo FF, Buchmann FS. (2015) Registro paleontológico em caverna desenvolvida em formações ferríferas na Serra da Gandarela (MG). In: Ruchkys ÚA, Travassos LEP, Rasteiro MA, Faria LE. (Eds) Patrimônio Espeleológico em Rochas Ferruginosas. Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia, Campinas, 191–209.
    1. Brescovit AD, Sánchez-Ruiz A. (2013) The first species of the genus Caponina from Brazilian Amazonia (Araneae: Caponiidae). Zootaxa 3640: 296–298. doi: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Haddad CR. (2015) A revision of the southern African two-eyed spider genus Diploglena (Araneae: Caponiidae). African Invertebrates 56: 343–363. doi: - DOI
    1. Kranz-Baltensperger Y, Platnick NI, Dupérré N. (2009) A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from Iran. American Museum Novitates 3656: 1–12. doi: - DOI
    1. Lessert R. (1936) Araignées de l’Afrique orientale portugaise, recueillies par MM. P. Lesne et B.-B. Cott. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 43: 207–306. doi: - DOI

LinkOut - more resources