Yin allurar rigakafi

Yin allurar rigakafi
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	immune system process (en)
WordLift URL (en)	http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/immunizations

rigakafi' rigakafi, ko rigakafi ne, shine tsari wanda Tsarin rigakafi mutum ya zama mai ƙarfi akan wakili mai kamuwa da cuta (wanda aka sani da immunogen). Lokacin da wannan tsarin ya fallasa ga kwayoyin da ba su da kyau ga jiki, wanda ake kira wadanda ba su da kai, zai tsara amsawar rigakafi, kuma zai haɓaka ikon amsawa da sauri ga haɗuwa da gaba saboda ƙwaƙwalwar rigakafin. Wannan aiki ne na tsarin Rigakafin rigakafi. Sabili da haka, ta hanyar fallasa mutum, ko dabba, ga rigakafin jiki a hanyar da aka sarrafa, jikinsa na iya koyon kare kansa: wannan ana kiransa rigakafin aiki. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci na tsarin rigakafin da aka inganta ta hanyar rigakafi sune sel T, sel B, da antibodies B cells da ke samarwa. Kwayoyin B ajiya B da ƙwaƙwalyar ajiya T suna da alhakin amsawa cikin sauri ga gamuwa ta biyu tare da kwayar kasashen waje. Rigakafin rigakafi shine gabatarwar waɗannan abubuwa kai tsaye a cikin jiki, maimakon samar da waɗannan abubuwa ta jiki kanta.

Rigakafin yana faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, a cikin daji da kuma yadda aka yi ta hanyar kokarin mutum a cikin kiwon lafiya. Ana samun Rigakafin halitta ta hanyar kwayoyin da tsarin rigakafin su ya yi nasara wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta ta baya, idan kwayar cutar ta dace ita ce wacce rigakafin zai yiwu. Rigakafin halitta na iya samun digiri na tasiri (na bangare maimakon cikakke) kuma yana iya ɓacewa cikin lokaci (a cikin watanni, shekaru, ko shekarun da suka gabata, dangane da kwayar cutar). A cikin kiwon lafiya, babbar hanyar shigar da rigakafi na wucin gadi ita ce allurar rigakafi, wanda shine babban nau'in rigakafin cututtuka, ko ta hanyar rigakafin kamuwa da cuta (pathogen ya kasa samun isasshen haifuwa a cikin mai karɓar bakuncin), rigakafin mummunar cuta (ciwon lafiya har yanzu yana faruwa amma ba mai tsanani ba), ko duka biyun. Allurar rigakafi game da cututtukan da za a iya hanawa shine babban taimako daga Nauyin cuta duk da cewa yawanci ba zai iya kawar da cutar ba. Allurar rigakafi ga microorganisms da ke haifar da cututtuka na iya shirya tsarin rigakafin jiki, don haka taimakawa wajen yaki ko hana kamuwa da cuta. Gaskiyar cewa maye gurbi zai iya haifar da ƙwayoyin ciwon daji don samar da sunadarai ko wasu kwayoyin da aka sani ga jiki sun zama tushen ka'idoji don maganin rigakafin ciwon daji. Ana iya amfani da wasu kwayoyin don rigakafi, misali a cikin allurar rigakafin gwaji akan nicotine (NicVAX) ko hormone ghrelin a cikin gwaje-gwaje don ƙirƙirar allurar rigakawa ta kiba.

Sau da yawa ana bayyana rigakafi a ko'ina a matsayin mafi ƙarancin haɗari kuma hanya ce mai sauƙi don zama rigakafi ga wani cuta fiye da haɗarin nau'in cutar kanta. Suna da mahimmanci ga manya da yara saboda suna iya kare mu daga cututtuka da yawa a can. Rigakafin ba wai kawai yana kare yara daga cututtukan da ke kashewa ba har ma yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa tsarin rigakafin yara. Ta hanyar amfani da rigakafi, an kusan kawar da wasu cututtuka da cututtuka a duk faɗin duniya. Misali daya shine cutar shan inna. Godiya ga masu kula da kiwon lafiya da suka ba da kansu da kuma iyayen yara da suka yi allurar rigakafi a kan jadawalin, an kawar da cutar shan inna a Amurka tun 1979. Har yanzu ana samun cutar Polio a wasu sassan duniya don haka wasu mutane na iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin samun ta. Wannan ya haɗa da mutanen da ba su taɓa samun allurar rigakafin ba, waɗanda ba su karɓi duk allurar rigakanin ba, ko waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa yankunan duniya inda cutar shan inna ke ci gaba. An sanya wa rigakafi / allurar rigakafi suna daya daga cikin "Babban Ayyuka Goma na Lafiya na Jama'a a cikin karni na 20".

Tarihi

Kafin gabatar da allurar rigakafi, mutane za su iya zama masu rigakafi ga cutar da ke yaduwa ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar kuma su tsira daga gare ta. An hana kyanda (variola) ta wannan hanyar ta hanyar rigakafi, wanda ya haifar da sakamako mai sauƙi fiye da cutar ta halitta. Marubucin kasar Sin Wan Quan (1499-1582) ne ya fara ambaton maganin kyanda a cikin littafinsa Douzhen xinfa ([[[[[[[]]]]]]]) wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1549. A kasar Sin, an busa ma'adanai na kyanda a hanci na masu lafiya. Marasa lafiya za su kamu da cutar kuma daga wannan lokacin sun kasance masu rigakafi ga shi. Hanyar tana da yawan mace-mace 0.5-2.0%, amma wannan ya kasance ƙasa da yawan mace'i 20-30% na cutar kanta. Rahotanni biyu game da aikin rigakafin kasar Sin sun karbi Royal Society a London a cikin 1700; daya daga Dokta Martin Lister wanda ya karbi rahoto daga wani ma'aikacin Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya da ke zaune a China da kuma wani daga Clopton Havers. A cewar Voltaire (1742), Turks sun samo amfani da rigakafin su daga makwabciyar Circassia. Voltaire bai yi hasashe game da inda Circassians suka samo dabararsu ba, kodayake ya ba da rahoton cewa Sinawa sun yi amfani da shi "shekaru ɗari". Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ce ta gabatar da shi zuwa Ingila daga Turkiyya a cikin 1721 kuma Zabdiel Boylston ne ya yi amfani da shi a Boston a wannan shekarar. A cikin shekara ta 1798 Edward Jenner ya gabatar da rigakafi tare da cowpox (allpox allurar rigakafi), hanya mafi aminci. Wannan hanya, wanda ake kira allurar rigakafi, a hankali ya maye gurbin allurar riguna, wanda yanzu ake kira variolation don rarrabe shi daga allurar rigakawa. Har zuwa shekarun 1880 allurar rigakafi / allurar rig rigakafi ana magana ne kawai game da kyanda, amma Louis Pasteur ya haɓaka hanyoyin rigakafi don kwalara da anthrax a cikin dabbobi da kuma rabies na ɗan adam, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗaɗa kalmomin allurar rigakawa / allurar allurar rigako don rufe sabbin hanyoyin. Wannan na iya haifar da rikice-rikice idan ba a kula da shi ba don bayyana wane allurar rigakafin da ake amfani da ita misali allurar riguna ko allurar rigakawa ta mura.

Rigakafin da ba shi da amfani da shi

Dalibin likita yana shiga cikin kamfen ɗin rigakafin cutar shan inna a Mexico

Ana iya samun rigakafi ta hanyar aiki ko ba ta aiki: rigakafi wani nau'i ne na rigakafi.

Rigakafin rigakafi

Hoton da aka sauƙaƙe wanda ke nuna tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar samar da rigakafi

Muhimmancin rigakafi yana da girma sosai har Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Amurka sun kira shi daya daga cikin "Babban Ayyukan Lafiya na Jama'a Goma a cikin karni na 20".[1] Allurar rigakafin da aka rage su sun rage pathogenicity. Tasirin su ya dogara da ikon tsarin rigakafi don sakewa kuma yana haifar da martani mai kama da kamuwa da cuta ta halitta. Yawancin lokaci yana da tasiri tare da kashi ɗaya. Misalan rigakafin rigakafi masu rai, sun hada da kyanda, mumps, rubella, MMR, zazzabin rawaya, varicella, Rutavirus, da mura (LAIV).

Rigakafin rigakafi na wucin gadi shine inda ake yin allurar kwayar cuta, ko wasu sassanta, a cikin mutum kafin su iya ɗaukar shi ta halitta. Idan aka yi amfani da kwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya, ana kula da su.