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Papum Pare district

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Papum Pare district
District of Arunachal Pradesh
Dikrong river near Itanagar
Dikrong river near Itanagar
Location of Papum Pare district
Location of Papum Pare district
Map
Papum Pare district
CountryBERJAYA India
StateBERJAYA Arunachal Pradesh
HeadquartersYupia
Area
 • Total
2,875 km2 (1,110 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
176,573
 • Density61.42/km2 (159.1/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy82.1%
 • Sex ratio950
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Websitepapumpare.nic.in

Papum Pare district (Pron:/ˌpæpəm ˈpæɹɪ, ˈpɑ:ɹeɪ/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh (out of 20).

History

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The plains, foothills and lower hill tracts of present-day Papum Pare district appear to have formed part of the frontier zone of the Chutia kingdom, while the Nyishi people inhabited the upper hill regions. Following the fall of the Chutia kingdom in 1524 CE, the area does not appear to have been brought under any kind of Ahom occupation, as the Ahom state was primarily a plains-based kingdom. Over time, Nyishi groups expanded their control and influence over the lower hills and adjoining foothill areas of the district. Historical sites in the district belonging to the Chutia period include Ita Fort and Ramghat-Taraso Ruins.

During the Ahom period, relations between the Ahom state and the Nyishi, referred to in many earlier records as Dafla, were marked by both conflict and accommodation. Nyishi groups periodically descended through the hill passes into the adjoining plains, where they raided villages, plundered property and sometimes carried away captives. In response, the Ahom kings sent retaliatory or punitive expeditions into the hills, although such campaigns were often difficult because of the terrain and did not always succeed.[1] Under Pratap Singha, the Ahoms attempted to regulate the frontier through the posa system, by which Nyishi groups received specified dues from certain foothill villages in return for tribute and peaceful relations.[2] The arrangement did not end the frontier conflicts: punitive expeditions were sent against the Nyishis in 1646 CE and 1648 CE, and in 1672 CE, after a raid on Taiban in Lakhimpur in which several people were carried off, Udayaditya Singha sent another retaliatory force, which ended in failure and heavy losses.[3]

After the British annexation of Assam, the colonial administration continued the older frontier practice of posa, but tried to regulate it through official settlements. Nyishi chiefs, then usually recorded in British sources as Dafla, were recognised as posa recipients in the duars north of the Brahmaputra, while the British attempted to prevent direct exactions from the plains cultivators and bring disputes under colonial magistrates.[4] Raids, disputes over captives and interruptions of posa payments continued into the nineteenth century, and the British often responded by withholding posa or imposing blockades until offenders surrendered or captives were released.[5]

In administrative terms, the area later formed part of the Western Section of the North-East Frontier Tract in 1914, renamed the Balipara Frontier Tract in 1919, before being reorganised into the Subansiri frontier units after 1946.[6] The district was created in 1992 by bifurcating Lower Subansiri district, with its headquarters at Yupia.[7]

Geography

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The district headquarters are located at Yupia. Papum Pare district occupies an area of 2,875 square kilometres (1,110 sq mi).[8] The capital of the state is Itanagar.

Subdivisions

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The district is divided into three subdivisions: Itanagar capital complex, Yupia, and Sagalee. The district is further divided into 15 administrative circles, namely, Balijan, Itanagar, Naharlagun, Doimukh, Toru, Sagalee, Leporiang, Mengio, Kimin, Banderdewa, Tarasso, Kakoi, Gumto, Parang, and Sangdupota.[9]

There are 3 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies in this district: Itanagar, Doimukh and Sagalee. All of these are part of Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency.[10]

Itanagar capital complex

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Itanagar capital complex is administered by its own Deputy Commissioner,[9] and contains the three circles of Itanagar, Naharlagun, and Banderdewa.[11][12]

In January 2013 the Arunachal Pradesh government approved the creation of a "Capital district".[13] The capital complex is currently treated as its own district by some government departments, the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises for example,[14] and the Arunachal Pradesh State portal in particular.[15] But The Arunachal Pradesh reorganization of district Act of 1980 with the latest amendments does not list Itanagar capital complex as a district.[16]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
196112,823—    
197117,632+37.5%
198139,736+125.4%
199172,811+83.2%
2001122,003+67.6%
2011176,573+44.7%
Source: Census of India[17]

According to the 2011 census, Papum Pare district has a population of 176,573,[citation needed] roughly equal to the nation of São Tomé and Príncipe.[18] This gives it a ranking of 594th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 51 inhabitants per square kilometre (130/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 44.57%. Papum Pare has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.14%.


Religion

[edit]
Religion in Papum Pare District (2011)[19]
  1. Christianity (47.8%)
  2. Hinduism (32.3%)
  3. Donyi-Polo (12.8%)
  4. Islam (3.48%)
  5. Buddhism (2.70%)
  6. Sikhism (0.18%)
  7. Jainism (0.08%)
  8. Not Stated (0.68%)

Christianity is the largest religion in the district, followed by over 47% of people. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in the district with over 32.3% adherents. Other religions such as Donyi-Polo, Islam and Sikhism are followed by 3.48% and 0.18% people respectively.[19] Papum Pare is inhabited by members of the Nyishi, who are traditionally followers of Donyi-Polo. Some members of the Nyishi tribe are followers of Christianity.[20]

Language

[edit]
Languages of Papum Pare District (2011)[21]
  1. Nyishi (54.6%)
  2. Bengali (10.5%)
  3. Adi (8.26%)
  4. Hindi (8.18%)
  5. Assamese (4.97%)
  6. Nepali (4.51%)
  7. Others (8.96%)

Flora and fauna

[edit]

In 1978 Papum Pare district became home to the Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 140 km2 (54.1 mi2).[22]

References

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  1. ↑ Sangdo, Tade (September 2018). "Posa System: A Case Study of the British-Nyishi Relations" (PDF). Research Guru: Online Journal of Multidisciplinary Subjects. 12 (2): 1054–1072. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  2. ↑ Moni, Pill (2018). "Understanding Traditional Justice System through Institution of Kotoki among the Nyishi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh India" (PDF). Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 3 (1A): 35–41. doi:10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.1.6. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  3. ↑ "History". Official website of District Administration, Itanagar Capital Complex. Government of Arunachal Pradesh. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  4. ↑ Sangdo, Tade (September 2018). "Posa System: A Case Study of the British-Nyishi Relations" (PDF). Research Guru: Online Journal of Multidisciplinary Subjects. 12 (2): 1057–1060. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  5. ↑ Sangdo, Tade (September 2018). "Posa System: A Case Study of the British-Nyishi Relations" (PDF). Research Guru: Online Journal of Multidisciplinary Subjects. 12 (2): 1061–1062. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  6. ↑ "History". Official website of District Administration, Itanagar Capital Complex. Government of Arunachal Pradesh. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  7. ↑ "About District". District Papum Pare. Government of Arunachal Pradesh. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  8. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti (2010). "States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1113. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  9. 1 2 "District Census Handbook, Papum Pare" (PDF). Government of India. 16 June 2014. p. 9.
  10. ↑ "Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies". Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  11. ↑ "Itanagar Capital Complex". itanagar.nic.in. District Administration Itanagar Capital Complex.
  12. ↑ "Itanagar Capital Complex Deputy Commissioner(capital) role creation notification" (PDF). itanagar.nic.in. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  13. ↑ "Arunachal to get four new districts". The Times of India. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  14. ↑ "State Profile of Arunachal Pradesh" (PDF). Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. 2014. pp. 12–15.
  15. ↑ "Districts". arunachalpradesh.gov.in. Government of Arunachal Pradesh.
  16. ↑ "The Arunachal Pradesh reorganization of district Act of 1980" (PDF).
  17. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  18. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison: Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Sao Tome and Principe 179,506 July 2011 est.
  19. 1 2 "2011 Papum Pare district Religion Census". Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  20. ↑ "District Papum Pare | District Website of Papum Pare | India". papumpare.nic.in. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  21. ↑ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in.
  22. ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Arunachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
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27°09′00″N 93°43′12″E / 27.15000°N 93.72000°E / 27.15000; 93.72000

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