¹ The Tablets from Fort Shalmaneser, British School Archaeology in Iraq, 1984.Google Scholar

² Thanks are due to Dr. Moorey for reading an early draft, for helpful comments, and for help in finding pertinent articles and books ; and to J. D. Hawkins for of useful discussion of certain passages in Sargon's inscriptions.

³ Many of the names recur in legal and administrative tablets from Sargon's reign; details are given in CTN III.

⁴ See Parpola, S., in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: New Horizons, Orientis Antiqui Collectio XVII, ed. Fales, F. M., chart 3 following p. 134.Google Scholar

⁵ Details are given in CTN III, ch. 2 and commentary on 108. It is possible that this ambiguity is true only in the 8th century.

⁶ The latter spelling is not elsewhere attested to my knowledge. The sign ia may also be read as iu.

⁷ First published by Segal, J. B., Iraq 19 (1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; commented on by Albright, W., BASOR 149 (1958), 33–6Google Scholar and Naveh, J., Maarav 2/2 (1980), 163 ff.Google Scholar

⁸ Loud, and Altman, , Khorsabad II, Chicago 1938, 69 and 104.Google Scholar

⁹ Thureau-Dangin, , Huitième Campagne, TCL 3 (1912), 22 line 132.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Muscarella, O. (ed.) Ladders to Heaven, German version 1981, 135–6.Google Scholar

¹¹ Levine, L., Two neo-Assyrian stelae from Iraq. Royal Ontario Museum Occasional Paper 23, 1972, 25 ff.Google Scholar

¹² Tadmor, H., The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur, JCS 12 (1958)Google Scholar—in two parts.

¹³ See Kitchen, K., The third intermediate period in Egypt, 1973, 373–5.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Grayson, A. K., Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, 1975, 73.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Chicago Assyrian Dictionary H, 173.

¹⁶ Muscarella, op. cit., 135 lines 5–6.

¹⁷ Grayson, op. cit., 73.

¹⁸ See J. D. Hawkins, Reallexikon der Assyriologie, s.v. Hamath.

¹⁹ Thureau-Dangin, , RA 30 (1933), 55 line 7Google Scholarof face C, and see Wäfler, M., Mcht-assyrer Darstellungen, AOAT 26 (1975). 135 n. 691.Google Scholar

²⁰ Borger, R., Das Ende des Ägyptischen Feldherrn Sib'e, JNES 19 (1960)Google Scholar; Kitchen, op. cit., 373, n 743. In neo-Assyrian the word would be rā'û.

²¹ Tadmor, op. cit., 38-9.

²² Lie, , Annals of Sargon, 22 lines 121–3.Google Scholar

²³ Kitchen, op. cit., 143 ff. and 376.

²⁴ Lie, op. cit., lines 15–16; Winckler, , Keilschrifllexle Sargons, 100 lines 24–5.Google Scholar

²⁵ It is hard to see how this could apply to deportees to Samaria, as suggested apparently by Tadmor and Cogan; see Oded, B., Mass deportations, Wiesbaden 1979, 56 n. 103.Google Scholar

²⁶ See CAD, sub inu.

²⁷ Translation quoted from the CAD.

²⁸ Lie, , Annals, 6 line 17.Google Scholar

²⁹ Gadd, C. J., The prism inscriptions of Sargon, Iraq 16 (1954), 179–82.Google Scholar

³⁰ This restoration would be instead of [ahameš] which was previously restored entirely on interpretation of the context. Read the whole passage as: [^lú sa]-me-ri-na-a-a ša itti LUGAL [ālik pāni]-ia ana la epēš ardūti u la našê bilti [ibbalkitū/ikpudū] ikmilūma ēpušū tāhazu.

³¹ Since gamālu is never used in this sense or construction elsewhere, it is probably better to take the verb as kamālu (ik-mi-lu for ig-mi-lu), although this reading likewise has no exact parallels.

³² Shalmaneser V is referred to by Sargon in the Borowski stela as rūbu ālik pāniya.

³³ Hawkins, RlA, s.v. Jau-bi'di.

³⁴ Various views are summarized by Coldstream, J. N., Greek Geometric Pottery, 1968, 305–6.Google Scholar

³⁵ See CTN III, ch. 2 p. 32.Google Scholar

³⁶ Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H., Wheeled vehicles and ridden animals in the ancient Near East, Leiden 1979.Google Scholar

³⁷ Op. cit., 134–5.

³⁸ Op. cit., 124, 136 and 142; see also Jettmar, K., Art of the Steppes, 1967, 212 f.Google Scholar A new study by Spruytte, J., La conduite du cheval chez l'archer assyrien, Plaisirs Equestres 129 (1983), 66–71 Google Scholar, describes such a system of reining; thanks to Dr. Crouwel for this reference.

³⁹ See von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, sub pethallu.

⁴⁰ The distinction is given by AHw., loc. cit.

⁴¹ See CTN III, ch. 2 p. 34.Google Scholar

⁴² Luckenbill, , ARAB, § 611.Google Scholar

⁴³ ARAB, § 575 and §663.

⁴⁴ ARAB, § 726.

⁴⁵ ARAB §46.

⁴⁶ It is not possible to pick out personal names from Hamath and Carchemish with any reliability in the Horse Lists.

⁴⁷ CTN III, No. 99 § E.

⁴⁸ Mallowan, , Nimrud and its Remains II, 474, 476 and 556.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Orchard, J. J., Equestrian bridle-harness ornaments. Ivories from Nimrud I/2, 1967.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ I Kings 22: 39.

⁵¹ None of the very few inscriptions published from ivories appears to be related to the time of Sargon; see Mallowan, op. cit., 594-9.

⁵² Lie, , Annals, 12 line 75Google Scholar; ARAB II, § 8.Google Scholar

⁵³ ARAB II, § 55.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ ARAB II, § 55.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Gadd, , Iraq 16, 179 line 33.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ CTN III No. 101. i. 6.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ E.g Ashurnasirpal II; Grayson, , Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, § 584.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ ARAB II, § 64.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ ARAB II, § 58.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ ARAB II, § 55.Google Scholar

^60a Winter, I., Metropolitan Museum Journal 11 (1976), 52, n. 108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶¹ Parker, B., Economic tablets from the temple of Mamu at Balawat, Iraq 25 (1963), 89 f.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶² Parker, op. cit., 93.

⁶³ The eponym for 693 also held office in 688; but the earlier date is preferable because of the connexions with texts firmly dated 694 B.C.

⁶⁴ The edition used for these texts is that of Kohler and Ungnad, , Assyrische Rechtsurkunden, Leipzig 1913.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ CAD M/2, 216b “tutor”. The word is attested in the Middle Assyrian lawcode with the specific meaning “foster father”.

⁶⁶ Borger, R., Die Inschriften Asarhaddons, AfO Beiheft 9 (1967), 40 Google Scholar: ša ahhēya rabûti ahūšunu ṣehru.

⁶⁷ Nadbi-Yau, mukil appāti “rein-holder” in 709 B.C. according to ADD 234 was probably a Samarian; but we cannot be certain that he was not a Hamathite.

⁶⁸ Levine, op. cit., 40 line 44.

⁶⁹ Published by Johns, in AJSLL 42 (1925), 265.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ As well as Nergal-sarru-usur the two texts have the witness Ululaya in common.

⁷¹ Thureau-Dangin, , TCL 3, lines 170–3Google Scholar; my own translation.

⁷² II Chronicles 1: 16–17.

⁷³ Weidner, , AfO 14 (1941–1944), 42 line 10, and 44 n. 14.Google Scholar But we agree with Tadmor, , IEJ 11 (1961), 143 ff.Google Scholar and Garelli, , Hommage … Dupont-Sommer, 1971, 37–48 Google Scholar, and Kitchen, , Third Intermediate Period, 143 f.Google Scholar, while noting the reservations of Wäfler, op. cit., 171.

⁷⁴ ARAB II, § 778.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Taxation and Conscription, Studia Pohl: Series Maior 3, Rome 1974, 11 and n. 1.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ S. Parpola, Letters of Assyrian Scholars, no. 29, and in commentary volume AOAT 5/2, note on p. 33.Google Scholar

⁷⁷ Lie, , Annals, 80 line 17Google Scholar; and comments of Salonen, , Hippologica, Helsinki 1956, 87.Google Scholar

⁷⁸ Postgate, op. cit., 117–18, and collation in Governor's Palace Archive, 11; the letter was written by Marduk-remanni who was governor of Kalhu around 716 and was succeeded by Ashur-bani before the end of Sargon's reign.

⁷⁹ Wilson, J. V. Kinnier, Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud I, 138 Google Scholar; detailed results of collation are given in CTN III, 22.Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Chronology and historical outline follow Kitchen, The third intermediate period, especially 142–4; and in Revue d'Egyptologie 34 (1982–1983).Google Scholar

⁸¹ Wiseman, D.J., Iraq 18 (1956), 126 rev. 15′–16′.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸² Dunham, , El Kurru, Harvard 1950, No. 17.Google Scholar

⁸³ Reisner, , Tombs of the Egyptian 25th dynasty at El Kurruw, Sudan Notes and Records II (1919), 252–4.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Illustrated in W. Stevenson Smith, Art and Architecture of ancient Egypt, Pls. 173B and 174B.

⁸⁵ Reisner op. cit., loc. cit.

^85a Breasted, , Ancient Records of Egypt IV, § 850.Google Scholar

^85b Op. cit., § 876–7.

⁸⁶ See in particular Kitchen, Rev. d'Egyptologie 34, 66 n. 38.

^86a Layard, , Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, London 1853, 156.Google Scholar

⁸⁷ Gadd, , Iraq 16 (1954), 179 col. iv lines 46–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸⁸ Nimrud and its Remains II, 211.Google Scholar

⁸⁹ Dunham, El Kurru, Nos. 15 and 17.

⁹⁰ Stevenson Smith, op. cit., 242.

⁹¹ Op. cit., 239.

⁹² Tallqvist, , Assyrian Personal Names, 119.Google Scholar

⁹³ Possibly the eponym of 659 B.c.

⁹⁴ AfO 17 (1954–196). 119.Google Scholar

^94a P. Albenda, Observations on Egyptians in Assyrian Art, Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar 4 (1982), 532. I am grateful to Dr. Collon for the reference.

^94b Nimrud and its Remains II, 392.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Wiseman, , Iraq 18 (1956), 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁹⁶ Gadd, , Iraq 16 (1954), 179 ll. 46–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Tadmor, , JCS 12 (1958), 34.Google Scholar

⁹⁷ AHw., 1315 a.

⁹⁸ Parker, , Iraq 23 (1961), 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁹⁹ Op. cit., 46.

¹⁰⁰ Op. cit., 15.

¹⁰¹ Postgate, , Governor's Palace Archive (CTN II), 149 with note to line 5.Google Scholar

¹⁰² Kroll, S., Zur Pferdehaltung in Urartu, AMI Ergänzungsband 6 (1979), 169–70.Google Scholar No such building has yet been found in Assyria.

¹⁰³ Jettmar, K., Art of the Steppes, 1967, 43.Google Scholar