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The Authoritarian Personality
What makes a fascist? Are there character traits that make someone more likely to vote for the far right? The Authoritarian Personality is not only one of the most significant works of social psychology ever written, it also marks a milestone in the development of Adorno’s thought, showing him grappling with the problem of fascism and the reasons for Europe’s turn to reaction. Over half a century later, and with the rise of right-wing populism and the reemergence of the far-right in recent years, this hugely influential study remains as insightful and relevant as ever.
This new edition includes an introduction by Frankfurt School scholar Peter E. Gordon and contains the first-ever publication of Adorno’s subsequent critical notes on the project.
“Adorno and his colleagues could easily have been describing Alex Jones’s paranoid InfoWars rants or the racist views expressed by many Trump supporters.” —New York Times
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherVerso
- Publication dateAugust 27, 2019
- File size15.6 MB
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Editorial Reviews
Review
—Molly Worthen, New York Times
“A monumental study which blazes new trails in the investigation of prejudice.”
—Richard A. Schermerhorn, Social Forces
About the Author
Else Frenkel-Brunswik was a Polish-Austrian psychologist based at the University of California at Berkeley.
Daniel J. Levinson was a psychologist and one of the founders of the field of positive adult development.
Nevitt Sanford was Professor of Psychology at the University of California at Berkeley.
Product details
- ASIN : B07NKQXS4Z
- Publisher : Verso
- Accessibility : Learn more
- Publication date : August 27, 2019
- Language : English
- File size : 15.6 MB
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 1624 pages
- ISBN-13 : 978-1788731652
- Page Flip : Enabled
- Best Sellers Rank: #419,833 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #111 in Political Economy
- #174 in Communism & Socialism (Books)
- #187 in Economic Conditions (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) was the leading figure of the Frankfurt school of critical theory. He authored more than twenty volumes, including "Negative Dialectics" (1982), "Kierkegaard" (Minnesota, 1989), "Dialectic of Enlightenment" (1975) with Max Horkheimer, and "Aesthetic Theory" (Minnesota, 1997).
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Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonTop reviews from the United States
- 5 out of 5 stars
All That and a Bag of Chips
Reviewed in the United States on March 28, 2025This is the most complete and insightful guide to Authoritarianism one could ever hope to find. It was integral to a project I researched and wrote that turned out very well.
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Long technical but rewarding
Reviewed in the United States on February 27, 2024The psychoanalytic jargon is wearing both in it's Smugness and limited utility. Nonetheless the combination of the psychological and the sociological concepts is very useful. The book described our current political reality very well.
14 people found this helpfulSending feedback...Sending feedback...HelpfulThank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againThanks, we'll investigate in the next few days.Sorry, We failed to report this review. Please try again - 5 out of 5 stars
Five Stars
Reviewed in the United States on August 9, 2016very much up to date
15 people found this helpfulSending feedback...Sending feedback...HelpfulThank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againThanks, we'll investigate in the next few days.Sorry, We failed to report this review. Please try again - 4 out of 5 stars
Excellent book. Not so great edition.
Reviewed in the United States on February 24, 2026Excellent book. This is core to my work and research, so I reference it constantly. I give the book itself 5 stars. This book presents a wonderful framework for how authoritarianism shows up in small moments. It lays out the worldview of the authoritarian, including how they relate to their parents, spouses, work, etc. It cleanly identifies patterns of behavior. I have nothing but good things to say about the text and research itself.
I gave 4 stars because of *this edition*. The Thematic Apperception Test images are very hard to see. They’re grainy and poor quality, which makes them hard to make out. The other issue is that the spacing could’ve been so much better. There’s so much margin. You could’ve either made the print a big bigger or reduced the total page count. Nothing here is catastrophic and it’s still very readable, just annoying at times.
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Five Stars
Reviewed in the United States on October 22, 2015Exactly as expected
11 people found this helpfulSending feedback...Sending feedback...HelpfulThank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againThanks, we'll investigate in the next few days.Sorry, We failed to report this review. Please try again - 5 out of 5 stars
A very important book
Reviewed in the United States on October 22, 2003Don�t be thrown of by some of the other reviews. If you start of by stating that Adorno is a Marxist and therefore must have had an agenda, your doing exactly what you have accused Adorno of. Furthermore this book wasn�t single-handedly written by Adorno, far from it, and whether or not Adorno realy was a Marxist is irellevant since Adorno�s latter ideas have little or nothing to do with this book. The Authoritarian Personality remains a very interesting study in human behaviour and nature. It has clearly been written as a reaction to the horrors of what was happening then in Nazi Germany and the authors tried to come up with a full explanation. Although I don�t doubt the integrity of authors� motives, they did obviously not succeed in there goal to come up with an extensive theory for the existence of Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich, because the focussed almost entirely on the personality of the individual and disregarded the unique social en economical circumstances in Germany after WWI, that have undoubtedly played an important role as well. The fact that, in hindsight, it has become apparent that the authors have not succeeded to live up to the overambitious conclusions does, however, certainly not make The Authoritarian Personality any less interesting. A lot can still be learned about the causes of ethnocentrism from this book. It is unique in it�s scale and historical value and should not be disregarded by anyone who wants to learn more about ethnocentrism as long as you keep the books apparent short comings in mind. You should, however, also keep in mind that the criticism this book has received is certainly not allways justified at all, but caused by the fact that a lot of it's conclusions still remain valid, but these are not always pleasant for everyone.
161 people found this helpfulSending feedback...Sending feedback...HelpfulThank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againThanks, we'll investigate in the next few days.Sorry, We failed to report this review. Please try again - 5 out of 5 stars
An important look at a continuing problem
Reviewed in the United States on December 1, 2019Authoritarianism is on the rise across the world. It is important that we understand how it appeals to people and what sorts of people are attracted to it. Highly recommended.
29 people found this helpfulSending feedback...Sending feedback...HelpfulThank you for your feedback.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try againThanks, we'll investigate in the next few days.Sorry, We failed to report this review. Please try again - 5 out of 5 stars
A Very Relevant Study...
Reviewed in the United States on October 15, 2020Brilliant analysis. Once you read Adorno, you can’t unread him.
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Top reviews from other countries
Jean-paul Lacharme5 out of 5 starsLes fondements du 'politiquement correct' ?
Reviewed in France on August 5, 2020En français, ‘la personnalité autoritaire’ est un gros pavé (1kg, presque 1000 pages écrit fin, au moins deux mois de lecture assidue) tentant de cerner les traits des individus formant le terreau du fascisme. Sur les 23 chapitres de l’ouvrage, seuls 4 sont de la plume d’Adorno (en auteur ou co-auteur), les autres ne sont pas de lui.
Au départ, les auteurs définissent 3 axes idéologiques : A-S (antisémitisme), E (ethnocentrisme) et PEC (politico-economic ideology). Ces axes sont orientés à partir de questionnaires très élaborés pour être posées à un grand nombre de citoyens américains anonymisés (plusieurs centaines), hommes et femmes de différents milieux sociaux identifiés par un numéro (par ex. M215 ou F319). Les questions relatives aux axes ou échelles A-S et E sont assez directes et fournissent une information peu ambiguë. Le cas de PEC est plus complexe : l’idéologie américaine se déploie entre les pôles libéraux (act. Démocrates) et conservateurs (act. Républicains) au milieu desquels on fait passer un axe droite/gauche. Mais la réduction d’un plan complexe sur un axe unique va poser pas mal de contradictions topologiques. On retrouve ici le problème soulevé par J-C Michéa : libéralisme économique (le Marché) et politique (aspect sociétal) sont les deux faces d’une même pièce qui peuvent parfois s’opposer l’un l’autre mais ne s’opposent tous deux radicalement qu’à la pensée réactionnaire de l’ancien régime, pensée absente outre Atlantique.
Les auteurs vont donner des poids numériques (1 à 6) aux réponses aux questions de façon à calculer par sommation un score (rating) pour chaque axe et ceci pour chaque individu interrogé. Ils mettent ainsi en évidence les individus à faible score (low-scoring), et ceux à score élevé (high-scoring). Le « mauvais côté » est bien sûr du côté fort, celui des individus coincés dans leurs préjugés (prejudiced) : antisémites, ethnocentriques, conservateurs. Les corrélations entre les 3 axes sont établies : elles ne sont pas nécessairement positives. Un individu peut être « high in A-S and E, low in PEC ». Dans le cas de groupes d’individus, les moyennes, écart-types et pouvoir discriminant (D.P.) sont calculés à des fins de comparaisons inter-groupes.
Ces trois axes étant ainsi définis, un 4ème est posé de la même façon que les précédents : c’est l’échelle F comme ‘fasciste’. Le problème, c’est ici que les questions qui en permettent l’évaluation sont un peu trop explicites et peut amener la personne interrogée à s’autocensurer. Ce qui intéresse les auteurs c’est de remonter au vécu des individus : rapport au père et à la mère dans la petite enfance, rapport au sexe, à l’argent et à la religion notamment. La démarche globale s’appuie explicitement sur la théorie psychanalytique freudienne qui était à la mode à l’époque.
Pour cela, les auteurs utilisent deux techniques. La première nommé TAT ou ‘thematic aperception test’ utilise l’analyse du commentaire des individus devant des photos représentant des situations ambiguës (il faut raconter une histoire). La seconde utilise la réponse à des questions particulières (PQ ou projectives questions) du genre ‘quels sont les pires crimes qu’une personne puisse commettre ?’. Ces deux techniques arrivent en complément des évaluations des échelles A-S, E, PEC et F. Les interviews sont souvent rapportées ce qui enrichit fortement l’ouvrage. Actuellement et si c’était à refaire, le bricolage des quatre échelles serait utilement remplacé par des méthodes de calcul comme l’AFC faisant apparaître automatiquement les axes principaux du nuage de données.
Le résultat de ce travail est complexe, les auteurs ne s’en cachent pas. Ils ont sans doute pensé avoir mis en évidence ce qu’ils voulaient précisément démontrer au départ en définissant a priori le champ idéologique comme partagé entre le bien (la démocratie, la science moderne) et le mal (la pensée dominante des sociétés traditionnelles patriarcales hiérarchisées désormais gratifiée globalement du terme de ‘préjugé’). Le contexte politique du début de la guerre froide était relativement facile à saisir. D’un côté le monde ‘libre’ totalement dominé par les USA, de l’autre le stalinisme encore auréolé de sa victoire sur l’Allemagne, enfin le monstre nazi, l’image même du mal absolu que personne ne pouvait plus défendre, définitivement écrasé. Les auteurs n’ont pas jugé utile d’étudier ou même de documenter la pertinence des préjugés définissant les ‘high scores’ (par ex. Henri Delassus, Bernard Lazare ou Michael A. Hoffman).
Depuis 70 ans, ce contexte s’est fortement brouillé. Il est évident par exemple qu’Israël offre aujourd’hui un milieu idéologique très ethnocentrique (E high scored), l’antisémitisme y est remplacé par une version anti-palestinienne agressive (A-S high scored), et l’échelle F doit y être affectée de la même façon. Ailleurs en occident, la révolution arc-en-ciel (féminisme, LGBTisme, antiracisme) a porté depuis quelques dizaines d’années les idées archi-minoritaires des ‘unprejudiced low scored’ en position largement dominante et l’attitude de ses représentants soutenus par les plus hautes institutions internationales est devenue souvent intolérante et violente. Ce renversement de situation ne peut être expliqué par les hypothèses soutenant cette étude. Certains auteurs postulent d’ailleurs que l’ouvrage est l’une des justifications du ‘politiquement correct’ contemporain (Michael Minnicino). Ce travail est donc scientifiquement très critiquable, mais il n’en est pas moins extrêmement sérieux et même tout à fait remarquable.
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Alastair McIntosh5 out of 5 starsVery important for political theology
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 14, 2019I first encounted Adorno's work when taking a class in social psychology at Aberdeen University in the 1970s (thank you, Mr Shepherd). It had a huge explanatory impact on me, that serves me even better in these times. Just by way of indication, here is how I am using it in something I am writing at the moment:
A landmark study of [the 60's countercultue] era was a thousand page long volume, published in 1950, by Theodore Adorno, called The Authoritarian Personality. Although since criticised on grounds of methodology, the continuing relevance of its findings gave rise to a new edition in 2019. I opened it at random as I wrote this paragraph. Brand new, with spine not broken, it fell open on page 219, and said: “Belonging to or identifying oneself with a religious body in America today does not mean that one thereby takes over the traditional Christian values of tolerance, brotherhood, and equality. On the contrary….”
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Alex5 out of 5 starsSocial-Psych of fascism
Reviewed in Canada on October 14, 2024This book is canonical reading for anybody who wants to understand the critical theory of the far-right.
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Amazon Customer5 out of 5 starsExcellent product and seller
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 15, 2019Excellent product and seller - I recommend both.
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