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Gabon
 

[France]
9 Feb 1839 - 29 Jun 1959
[Flag of Gabon 1959-1960]
29 Jun 1959 - 9 Aug 1960
[Flag of Gabon]
Adopted 9 Aug 1960
Map of Gabon
Hear National Anthem
"La Concorde"
(The Concord)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 17 Aug 1960
Constitution
 (14 Mar 1991/11 Jan 2018;
 in French) 
Capital: Libreville
(Fort-d'Aumale 1843-1849)
 Currency: Communaut�
Financi�re Africaine
Franc (XAF)
National Holiday: 17 Aug (1960)
Jour de l'ind�pendance
(Independence Day)
 Population: 2,455,105 (2024)
GDP: $48 billion (2024)
Exports: $13.6 billion (2024)
Imports: $6.1 billion (2024) 
Ethnic groups: Fang 23.5%, Shira-Punu'Vii 20.6%, Nzabi-Duma 11.2%, Mbede-Teke 5.6%, Myene 4.4%, Kota-Kele 4.3%, Okande-Tsogho 1.6%, other 12.6%, foreigner 16.2% (2021)
Total Armed Forces: 4,700 (2025)
French Troops: 250 (2025)
Merchant marine: 87 ships (2023)
 Religions: Protestant 46.4% (Revival Church 37%, other Protestant 9.4%), Roman Catholic 29.8%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 10.8%, traditional/animist 1.1%, other 0.9%, none 7% (2021)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, APM, AU, BDEAC, BEAC, BTWC, C, CEEAC, CEMAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Gabon Index
Chronology

 9 Feb 1839                First transfer of sovereignty to France signed by
                             local chief Kow� Rapontchombo ("Roi Denis")
                             (French Gulf of Guinea territories [Territoires
                             Fran�ais du Golfe de Guin�e]).
 7 Sep 1840                Gabon trading post administratively attached to the
                             government of Senegal (from 1 Nov 1854,
                             specifically to Gor�e and dependencies).
 1 Apr 1844                General treaty recognizing French sovereignty
                             signed with nine chiefs from neighboring villages
                             at Fort-d'Aumale.
11 Jun 1843                French Gabon settlements (1854-1859 including 
                             Gor�e). Fort-d'Aumale built by the French.
17 Oct 1849                Libreville founded as a refuge for freed slaves.
 1 Nov 1854                Gor�e, Gabon, and other French settlements form 
                             the Colony of Gor�e and Dependencies, headed by
                             the Commandant of the Naval Division of the 
                             Western Coasts of Africa.
27 Feb 1859                Gor�e re-incorporated into Senegal; the other
                             settlements continue to be subordinated to the 
                             Naval Division, now with its center at Gabon.
 4 Oct 1860                Gabon territory part of Ivory Coast-Gabon
                             colony.
1873                       French government votes to relinquish struggling
                             Gabon settlements, but the decision is postponed.
16 Dec 1883                French Gabon colony
27 Apr 1886                Part of French Congo (as the Gabon territory) 
                             (see Congo [Brazzaville]).
11 Dec 1888                Part of Middle Congo-Gabon territory
30 Apr 1891                French Equatorial African Protectorate renamed
                             French Congo.
 5 Jul 1902                Gabon territory part of Lower Congo-Gabon colony.
29 Dec 1903                Gabon colony (been separated from Middle Congo)
15 Jan 1910                Part of French Equatorial Africa (AEF) colony
                             (see Congo [Brazzaville]).
30 Jun 1934 - 31 Dec 1937  Gabon region within unitary AEF colony.
31 Dec 1937                Gabon overseas territory of France (part of AEF).
16 Jun 1940 - 12 Nov 1940  Administration loyal to "Vichy" France 
                             (from 12 Nov 1940, under "Free" French).
27 Oct 1940 - 12 Nov 1940  Free French and Allied forces invade Gabon
                             (Mitzic taken 27 Oct 1940, Lambar�n� 5 Nov 1940,
                             Libreville 10 Nov 1940, and Port-Gentil on 12 Nov
                             1940).
27 Oct 1946                Overseas territory of France (part of AEF).
28 Nov 1958                Autonomy (Gabonese Republic)(R�publique Gabonaise).
28 Nov 1958 - 16 Aug 1960  Member State of the Communaut� (French Community).
17 Aug 1960                Independence from France.
Gabon and
Dependencies
(1839-1886)
Traditional States
Orungu
(1790-1927)
-------------------
Mpongwe
-------------------
Olamba
Historical Maps
of Gabon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Commandants-particulier of Gabon and Gulf of Guinea Settlements
(at Fort-d'Aumale, from 1849 Libreville)
18 Jun 1843 - 1843         Guillemain                         (d. 1843)
                             (capitaine d'infanterie de marine)
1843 - 1844                Antoine Devoisins                  (b. 1808 - d. 1878)
1844                       Joseph Marie Millet
1845 - 1846                Andr� Brisset (1st time)           (b. 1808 - d. 1876)
1846                       Eug�ne Louis Hugues M�quet         (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
1846                       Cl�ment Grosjean                   (b. 1811 - d. 1859)
1846 - 1847                Jean Carril�s
1847 - 1848                Andr� Brisset (2nd time)           (s.a.)
25 Mar 1848 - 1848         Adolphe Alexandre Sourdeaux        (b. 1819 - d. 1883)
 3 Aug 1848 - 1848         Eug�ne Jean Antione Desperles      (b. 1819 - d. 1860)
Dec 1848 - 1849            �tienne Charles Deschanel
10 Aug 1849 - 1850         Jean-Auguste Martin                (b. 1814 - d. 1882)
15 Dec 1850 - 1853         Alexis �douard Vignon (1st time)   (b. 1806 - d. 1884)
1853 - 1856                Peters Th�ophile Guillet           (b. 1815 - d. 1857)
1856 - 1859                Alexis �douard Vignon (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1859 - 1860                Pierre Alexandre Mailhetard        (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
 4 Aug 1860 - 1861         C�sar Charles Joseph Pradier       (b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1861 - 1863                Paul Claude Nicolas Br�e           (b. 1808 - d. 1866)
1863 - 1866                Charles Ferdinand Eug�ne Baur   
1866 - 1867                Joseph Henri Brunet-Millet         (b. 1821 - d. 1885)
1867 - 1868                Hyacinthe Laurent Th�ophile Aube   (b. 1826 - d. 1890)
1868 - 1869                Fr�d�ric Amable Bourgarel          (b. 1826 - d. 1897)
1869 - 1871                Hippolyte Adrien Bourgin           (b. 1826 - d. 1879)
1871 - 1873                Gustave Aristide L�opold Garraud   (b. 1820 - d. 1888)
1873 - 1875                Charles Henri Jules Panon du       (b. 1827 - d. 1897)
                             Hazier 
1875 - 1876                F�lix Ambroise Cl�ment             (b. 1822 - d. 1884)
1876 - 1879                Paul Michel Fr�d�ric Caudi�re      (b. 1822 - d. 1887)
1879 - 1880                Augustin Ernest Dumont             (b. 1835 - d. 1898)
1880 - 1881                Jules �mile Hanet-Cl�ry            (b. 1833 - d. 1890)
1881 - 16 Dec 1883         �mile Masson                       (b. 1832 - d. 1912)
16 Dec 1883 - 1885         Jean Joseph Alfred Cornut-Gentille (b. 1839 - d. 1918)
1885 - 27 Apr 1886         Georges �lie Pradier               (b. 1843 - d. 1912)
Governor
27 Apr 1886 - 29 Jun 1886  Pierre Paul Fran�ois Camille       (b. 1852 - d. 1905)
                             Savorgnan de Brazza 
                            (= Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazz�)
Lieutenant governors
29 Jun 1886 - 12 Mar 1889  No�l Eug�ne Ballay                 (b. 1847 - d. 1902)
12 Mar 1889 -  1 Jun 1894  Fortun� Charles de Chavannes       (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
 1 Jun 1894 - 22 Jan 1899  Louis Henry Albert Dolisie         (b. 1856 - d. 1899)
 1 May 1899 - 1902         �mile Gentil                       (b. 1866 - d. 1914)
21 Jan 1904 - 19 Apr 1905  Louis Auguste Bertrand Ormi�res    (b. 1851 - d. 1914)
19 Apr 1905 -  5 Aug 1905  Paul Jean Fran�ois Cousturier      (b. 1849 - d. 1921)
                             (acting)
 5 Aug 1905 - 27 Apr 1906  Alfred Louis Fourneau (acting)     (b. 1860 - d. 1930)
27 Apr 1906 - 23 Apr 1907  Charles Henri Adrien Noufflard     (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
                             (acting)
23 Apr 1907 - 26 Apr 1907  Alfred Albert Martineau            (b. 1859 - d. 1945)
26 Apr 1907 - 20 Jan 1909  �douard �mile L�on Telle (acting)  (b. 1859 - d. 1949)
20 Jan 1909 - 10 Feb 1909  Fr�d�ric Claude Weber (acting)     (b. 1855 - d. 1910)
10 Feb 1909 -  9 Nov 1909  Charles Am�d�e Rognon (acting)     (b. 1861 - d. 1911)
 9 Nov 1909 - Jun 1911     L�on F�lix Richaud (acting)        (b. 1871 - d. 1944)
Jun 1911 - 21 Feb 1912     Georges Virgile Poulet             (b. 1859 - d. 1945)
21 Feb 1912 - 18 Apr 1914  Paul Pierre Marie Georges Adam     (b. 1865 - d. 1916)
                             (acting)
18 Apr 1914 -  1 Jun 1917  Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon         (b. 1870 - d. 1942)
 1 Jun 1917 - 12 Jun 1918  Georges Thomann (acting)           (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
12 Jun 1918 - 30 Jun 1919  Maurice Pierre Lapalud             (b. 1868 - d. 1935)
30 Jun 1919 - 29 May 1922  Jean-Henri Marchand                (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
                             (acting to 13 Apr 1920)
29 May 1922 - 15 Jun 1923  Edmond �milien Cadier (acting)     (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
12 Jun 1923 - 29 Jul 1924  Louis Nicolas Jean-Marie Cercus    (b. 1871 - d. 1952)
                              (acting)
29 Jul 1924 - 19 Jun 1931  Marie Joseph Jules Pierre Bernard  (b. 1876 - d. 1950)
19 Jun 1931 - Nov 1931     Louis Vingarassamy (acting)        (b. 1880 - d. 1951)
 Nov 1931 - 26 Sep 1934     Louis Alexis �tienne Bonvin        (b. 1886 - d. 1945)
Administrator-superior
26 Sep 1934 - 24 Oct 1936  Louis Alexis �tienne Bonvin        (s.a.)
Governors-delegate
24 Oct 1936 - 11 Sep 1937  Louis Alexis �tienne Bonvin        (s.a.)
11 Sep 1937 - 29 Aug 1938  Georges Hubert Parisot             (b. 1887 - d. 1969)
29 Aug 1938 - 14 Nov 1940  Georges Pierre Masson              (b. 18.. - d. 1940)
                             (acting to 2 Nov 1939)
14 Nov 1940 - 15 Mar 1941  Andr� Marie Jules Parant (acting)  (b. 1897 - d. 1941)
 7 Mar 1941 - 26 Mar 1941  ....
                             (acting [for Parant to 15 Mar 1941])
Governors
26 Mar 1941 -  4 Jul 1941  Hubert Eug�ne Paul Carras (acting) (b. 1890 - d. 1947)
 4 Jul 1941 - 31 May 1942  Marie Louis Victor Valentin-Smith  (b. 1883 - d. 1965)
31 May 1942 - 26 Aug 1943  Charles Andr� Maurice Assier de    (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
                             Pompignan
26 Aug 1943 - 19 Nov 1944  Paul Vuillaume                     (b. 1896 - d. 1975)
19 Nov 1944 - 28 Mar 1946  Numa Henri Fran�ois Sadoul         (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
                             (1st time) (acting)
28 Mar 1946 - 31 Dec 1947  Roland Joanes Louis Pr�            (b. 1907 - d. 1980)
31 Dec 1947 -  6 Apr 1949  Numa Henri Fran�ois Sadoul         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 6 Apr 1949 - 19 Oct 1951  Pierre Fran�ois P�lieu             (b. 1906 - d. 1952)
                             (acting to 4 Jan 1950)
19 Oct 1951 - 25 Apr 1952  Charles �mile Hanin (acting)       (b. 1895 - d. 1964)
25 Apr 1952 - 29 Jan 1958  Yves Jean Digo                     (b. 1897 - d. 1974)
29 Jan 1958 - Nov 1958     Louis Marius Pascal Sanmarco       (b. 1912 - d. 2009)
High Commissioners
Nov 1958 - Jul 1959        Louis Marius Pascal Sanmarco       (s.a.)
Jul 1959 - 17 Aug 1960     Jean Risterucci                    (b. 1911 - d. 1982)
Presidents
17 Aug 1960 - 17 Feb 1964  Gabriel L�on M'ba (1st time)       (b. 1902 - d. 1967)  BDG
                             (head of state to 21 Feb 1961)
17 Feb 1964 - 18 Feb 1964  Revolutionary Committee
                           - Daniel Adzo Mbene (M'bene)       (b. .... - d. 1969)  Mil
                           - Jean-Val�re Essone                                    Mil
                           - Jacques Mombo                    (b. 1943)            Mil
                           - Daniel Nbo Edou                  (b. .... - d. 1964)  Mil
18 Feb 1964 - 19 Feb 1964  Jean-Hilaire Aubame                (b. 1912 - d. 1989)  UDSG
                             (chief of Provisional Government)
19 Feb 1964 - 28 Nov 1967  Gabriel L�on M'ba (2nd time)       (s.a.)               BDG
28 Nov 1967 -  8 Jun 2009  Albert-Bernard Bongo               (b. 1935 - d. 2009) BDG;1968 PDG
                             (from 29 Sep 1973, Omar Bongo;
                             from 15 Nov 2003, Omar Bongo Ondimba)
 6 May 2009 -  8 Jun 2009  Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge           (b. 1946)            ADERE
                             (acting for Bongo)
 8 Jun 2009 -  9 Jun 2009  Vacant
10 Jun 2009 - 16 Oct 2009  Rose Francine Rogomb� (f)          (b. 1942 - d. 2015)  PDG
                             (interim)
16 Oct 2009 - 30 Aug 2023  Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba              (b. 1959)            PDG
                             (= Alain-Bernard Bongo)
15 Nov 2018 - 14 Jan 2019  Pierre Claver Maganga-Moussavou    (b. 1952)            PSD
                             (1st time)(acting for Bongo)
16 Jan 2019 - 25 Feb 2019  Pierre Claver Maganga-Moussavou    (s.a.)               PSD
                             (2nd time)(acting for Bongo)
President of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
30 Aug 2023 -  4 Sep 2023  Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema       (b. 1975)            Mil
President
 4 Sep 2023 -              Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema       (s.a.)             Mil;2025 UDB
                             (transitional president to 3 May 2025)

Vice President of the Council of Government
21 May 1957 - 22 Sep 1958  Gabriel L�on M'ba                  (s.a.)               BDG
President of the Government Council
22 Sep 1958 - 28 Nov 1958  Gabriel L�on M'ba                  (s.a.)               BDG
Head of the Provisional Government
28 Nov 1958 - 27 Feb 1959  Gabriel L�on M'ba                  (s.a.)               BDG
Prime ministers
27 Feb 1959 - 21 Feb 1961  Gabriel L�on M'ba                  (s.a.)               BDG
21 Feb 1961 - 16 Apr 1975  Post Abolished
16 Apr 1975 -  3 May 1990  L�on M�biame M'ba                  (b. 1934 - d. 2015)  PDG
 3 May 1990 -  2 Nov 1994  Casimir Marie Oy�-M'ba             (b. 1942 - d. 2021)  PDG
  2 Nov 1994 - 23 Jan 1999  Paulin Obame-Nguema                (b. 1934 - d. 2023)  PDG
23 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2006  Jean-Fran�ois Ntoutoume Emane      (b. 1939)            PDG
20 Jan 2006 - 17 Jul 2009  Jean Eyeghe Ndong                  (b. 1946)            PDG
 17 Jul 2009 - 27 Feb 2012  Paul Biyogh� M'ba                  (b. 1953)            PDG
27 Feb 2012 - 24 Jan 2014  Raymond Ndong Sima (1st time)      (b. 1955)            PDG
24 Jan 2014 - 29 Sep 2016  Daniel Ona Ondo                    (b. 1945)            PDG
29 Sep 2016 - 15 Jan 2019  Franck Emmanuel Issoze Ngondet     (b. 1961 - d. 2020)  PDG
15 Jan 2019 - 22 Jul 2020  Julien Nkoghe Bekale               (b. 1958)            PDG
22 Jul 2020 - 10 Jan 2023  Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda (f)(b. 1964)            PDG
10 Jan 2023 - 30 Aug 2023  Alain Claude Bili�-By-Nze          (b. 1967)            PDG
30 Aug 2023 -  8 Sep 2023  Vacant
 8 Sep 2023 -  4 May 2025  Raymond Ndong Sima (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (interim)
 4 May 2025 -              Post abolished

Territorial Disputes: The UN urges Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser islands and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay. 

Party abbreviations: ADERE = Alliance D�mocratique et R�publicaine (Democratic and Republican Alliance, est.1990); PDG = Parti D�mocratique Gabonais (Gabonese Democratic Party, authoritarian, conservative, former BDG, 1968-90 only legal party, est.Mar 1968); PSD = Parti Social-D�mocrate (Social Democratic Party, est.1991); UDB = Union d�mocratique des b�tisseurs (Democratic Union of Builders, populist, big-tent, est.25 Jun 2025); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: BDG = Bloc D�mocratique Gabonais (Gabonese Democratic Bloc, 1953-Mar 1968, then PDG); UDSG = Union D�mocratique et Sociale Gabonaise (Gabonese Democratic and Social Union, 1946-1968)


Gabon and Dependencies

[France]

 9 Feb 1839                First transfer of sovereignty to France.
 1 Nov 1854                Gor�e, Gabon, and other French settlements form 
                             the Colony of Gor�e and Dependencies, headed by
                             the Commandant of the Naval Division of the Western Coasts
                             of Africa (Division Navale des C�tes Occidentales d'Afrique).
26 Feb 1859                Gor�e is re-incorporated into Senegal; the other
                             settlements continue to be subordinated to the 
                             Naval Division, now with its center at Gabon.
27 Apr 1886                Part of French Congo. 

Commandants of the Naval Division of the Western Coasts of Africa
(Commandants de la Division Navale des C�tes Occidentales d'Afrique)
 9 Feb 1839 - 1842         Louis �douard Bou�t (1st time)     (b. 1808 - d. 1871)
21 Sep 1842 - 1843         Auguste Laurent Fran�ois Baudin    (b. 1800 - d. 1877)
                             (1st time)
30 Jul 1843 - 1845         Louis �douard Bou�t (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (from 1 Feb 1845, Louis �douard Bou�t-Willaumez)
19 Jul 1845 - 22 May 1848  Jean-Baptiste Montagni�s de la     (b. 1793 - d. 1862)
                             Roque
22 May 1848 - 1848         Auguste Laurent Fran�ois Baudin    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1848 - Apr 1850     Louis �douard Bou�t-Willaumez      (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) 
1850 - 1851                Charles P�naud                     (b. 1800 - d. 1864)
19 Oct 1851 - 1854         Auguste Laurent Fran�ois Baudin    (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
21 Feb 1854 - 31 Jan 1856  J�r�me F�lix Monl�on               (b. 1798 - d. 1856)
31 Jan 1856 - 1859         Auguste L�opold Protet             (b. 1808 - d. 1862)
19 Feb 1859 - 1861         Auguste Bosse                      (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
22 Jul 1861 - 1863         Octave Fran�ois Charles, baron     (b. 1812 - d. 1886)
                             Didelot
16 Aug 1863 - 1866         Andr� �mile L�on Laffon de Lad�bat (b. 1807 - d. 1874)
1866 - 1868                Alphonse Jean Ren�, vicomte        (b. 1809 - d. 1881)
                             Fleuriot de Langle 
1868 - 1869                Alexandre Fran�ois Dauriac         (b. 1812 - d. 1878)
1869 - 1870                Victor Auguste, baron Duperr�      (b. 1825 - d. 1900)
1870 - 1872                Sim�on Bourgeois                   (b. 1815 - d. 1887)
1872 - 1874                Antoine Louis Marie Le Couriault   (b. 1815 - d. 1877)
                             du Quilio
1874 - 1875                Charles Henri Jules Panon du       (b. 1827 - d. 1897)
                             Hazier 
1875 - 1877                Am�d�e Louis Ribourt               (b. 1821 - d. 1893)
1877 - 1879                Fran�ois Hippolyte Allemand        (b. 1820 - d. 1895)
1879 - 1881                Adolphe Lucien Mottez              (b. 1822 - d. 1892)
1881 - 24 Jan 1883         Louis-Antoine Richild, baron       (b. 1827 - d. 1883)
                             Grivel
1884 - 1886                Jules Marie Armand Cavelier de     (b. 1834 - d. 1912)
                             Cuverville 


Traditional States

Orungu

Note: There is a large number of very minor traditional states (like Mpongwe and Olamba), with very fragmentary records. Orungu is the only major polity.

bf.1700                    Orungu kingdom founded.
1873                       French protectorate (Orongous).
1927                       Extinguished by French colonial government.

Rulers (title Agamwinboni)
c.1700 - c.1730            Reto Ndongo                        (b. c.1670 - d. c.1730)
c.1730 - 17..              Ndebulia Mbura                     (b. c.1700 - d. ....)
17.. - c.1750              Renjangue Ndongo                   (b. c.1700 - d. c.1750) 
c.1750                     Renkondje                          (b. c.1730 - d. ....)
c.1750 - 1790              Ngwerangu'Iwono                    (b. c.1730 - d. ....) 
1790                       Ndombe
1790 - 1810                Reombi "Mpolo" (= Renwombi)        (b. c.1760 - d. 18..)
1810 - 1840                Ogul'Issogwe (= Rogombe "Mpolo")
                             (= Pasol)
1840 - 1862                Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" (= Pascal)
1862 - 1865                Ndebulia-Rogombe
1865 - 1882                Ncege (Ntchengue or Ranyonyuna)
1882 - ....                Avonowanga
.... - 1927                Rogombe-Mentchandi                 (d. 1932)
.... - ....                ....
.... -                     Mbongo Ntchounga                   (b. 1960)

Mpongwe
 
 9 Feb 1839                French protectorate (Pongoue)(by treaty).

Rulers (title Oga)
c.1839 -  9 May 1876       Denis I Anchuwe Koke Rapoutchombo  (b. c.1790 - d. 1876)
1876 - 1884                Felix Adende Rapontchombo          (b. 1847 - d. 1911)
                             (1st time) 
1884 - 1900                Denis II (1st time)  
1900 - 1905                Felix Adende Rapontchombo          (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
1905 - 1927                Denis II (2nd time) 

Olamba ("Glasstown")
 
Jul 1845                   French protectorate.
Apr 1847                   Casetown (Tom Case's) town united with Glasstown.

Rulers (title Aguekaza)
c.1839 - 29 Jan 1848       Ravonya (= Glass Noama)            (d. 1848)
1848 - 18..                Jim Govern (= Rogov�ni?)
.... - ....                Tom Case (= Tom Gaboon)
.... - ....                Will Glass


 



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