Environmental Science

Today’s energy intensive lifestyle needs exploration of hydrocarbon such as crude oil and natural gas. Hence, there is a need to develop some unconventional resources such as shales, gas hydrates and CBM. They are called unconventional due to their need for new and different technology for exploration. This chapter is dedicated to introduction of one of the unconventional resource i.e. shales, their composition, structure and uses. The first exploration of shale gas was as early as in 1825. As the present exploration of shale will have a major impact on future energy needs, it becomes very necessary to know about the shale resources and its characteristics.

A model subglacial drainage system, coupled to an ice-dammed reservoir that receives a time-varying meltwater input, is described and analysed. In numerical experiments an ice-marginal lake drains through a subglacial channel, producing periodic floods, and fills with meltwater at a rate
dependent on air temperature, which varies seasonally with a peak value of Tm. The analysis reveals regions of Tm parameter space corresponding to ‘mode locking’, where flood repeat time is independent of Tm; resonance, where decreasing Tm counter-intuitively increases flood size; and chaotic dynamics,
where flood cycles are sensitive to initial conditions, never repeat and exhibit phase-space mixing. Bifurcations associated with abrupt changes in flood size and timing within the year separate these regions. This is the first time these complex dynamics have been displayed by a glaciohydraulic model
and these findings have implications for our understanding of ice-marginal lakes, moulins and subglacial lakes.

Biologists increasingly use marketing strategies to promote their results, obtain funding, and influence decisionmakers, but this development can compromise public perceptions of their objectivity and prevent the effective communication of reliable scientific knowledge. Responsible and effective communication is particularly important in this era of biotechnological innovation and global environmental change, when knowledge is often uncertain and rapidly evolving and can have huge consequences for society. Although scientists and science journalists carefully evaluate scientific results, they more freely choose rhetorical elements and, in particular, their metaphors, despite the value-laden judgments that often accompany these choices. We therefore argue that metaphors should be carefully chosen and evaluated alongside empirical evidence, because they shape data interpretation and how science influences society. Here, we propose guidelines for the responsible use of metaphors in science writing and communication.

Nearly one billion hectares of arid and semiarid areas of the world are saltaffected and remain barren due to salinity or water scarcity. These lands can be utilized by adopting appropriate planting techniques and integrating trees with tolerant crops, forage grasses, oil-yielding crops, and aromatic and medicinal plants. Biosaline agroforestry provides various ecosystem services such as the improved soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and biomass production. Provisioning services relating to biomass production have been fairly well studied in different biosaline agroforestry. Tree plantations and agroforestry enrich the soil in organic matter and exert a considerable ameliorative effect on soil properties. The soil microbial biomass serves as a useful indicator of soil improvement under salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonized the roots of grasses in silvopastoral systems on saline and sodic soils, the dominant AM fungal species being Glomus and Acaulospora. By integrating trees with the naturally occurring grassland systems on highly sodic soils, the soil organic carbon content increased from 5.3 Mg ha −1 (in sole grass) to 13.6, 10.9, and 14.2 Mg ha −1 , when Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica , and Prosopis julifl ora trees were introduced with grass. The soils of biosaline agroforestry could store 25.9-99.3 Mg CO 2 ha −1 in surface 0.3 m soil. Maintaining the stores and sink of carbon in agroforestry could play a key role in climate change mitigation as well as help in adapting to changing environmental conditions.

The effective and sustainable environmental performance of a business is a result of various factors and most important the integrated outcome of the environmental management. Likewise, the integration of environmental protection into the armed forces functions has also gain interest for the military sector internationally. Therefore, the environmental management system (EMS) is recognized as one of the most widely used tools. This study provides a review on environmental management issues related to the military activities and their assessment globally. The multitasking characteristics of the defence sector result in the need for the eco-friendly related issues to be directed in a holistic and integrated way, with the help of a certified environmental management system. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) itself and NATO countries, like USA, UK, Canada, Holland, Denmark, Czech Republic, Greece, as well as non-NATO countries like Sweden and Australia have an environmental management system structure in place to assist military environmental management and studies reveal that the armed forces could anticipate positive outcomes from environmental management system. A case-by-case approach, of the above, is examined and based on the results, appropriate recommendations are presented, which may contribute to the environmental management system considerations as the most important tool for effective management framework and most importantly to evaluate its effectiveness as a structure for the defence sector's activities.

Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce), in the summer of 1924, was the gateway event that led to the development of biodynamic agriculture and, subsequently, organic agriculture. The present paper identifies for the first time the 111 attendees of that course. The list reveals that 'Koberwitzers', as they called themselves, were a well credentialed and capable group of individuals, some of whom went on to champion and develop Rudolf Steiner's ideas about agriculture and other fields. The present paper revises a prior analysis of the Koberwitzers. For each Koberwitzer, the list reveals, the name, hometown, occupation, and accommodation during the course. Thirty one percent of Koberwitzers were women. Thirty eight percent were associated directly with agriculture (including farmer, estate manager, and estate owner), 6% of attendees were creatives (including writer, author, artist and editor), and a further 6% were priests. These three occupational categories, viz. Agriculture, Creative and Priest, together account for 50% of Koberwitzer occupations (and 72% of the known occupations). There remains for further scholarship to populate gaps in the listing: the gender of one Koberwitzer remains unidentified; one hometown (and country) remains unidentified; 33 occupations remain unidentified; and 51 accommodations remain unidentified. At the time of the Koberwitz course, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) was mortally ill. The course was never repeated,. It was up to the Koberwitzers to progress Rudolf Steiner's call for the development of a differentiated natural agriculture without synthetic chemicals. The Koberwitzers met the call. There are now 251,842 certified biodynamic hectares in 55 countries, included in the 71,514,583 certified organic hectares in 186 countries.

This paper aims to quantify the potential impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the River Nile System within Sudan territories, in the context of hydrology. GERD reservoir with a capacity of (74 Km 3) is approximately 1.5 times the mean annual flow of the Blue Nile, which contributes by 57% of the River Nile runoff. According to Ethiopian proposal, the GERD is going to be filled to the full supply level of 640 m a.m.s.l in 6 to 7 years. The first filling of GERD reservoir was planned to be in 2014, but it is postponed until the writing of this report. However, it's most likely to be started this year 2020. Consequently, significant impacts are highly anticipated during this first filling period, and all over the long-term operation. Definitely, this will change the Blue and Main Nile hydrological regime. In order to achieve the research objectives, a daily time step Rule Based Simulation model has been developed using River Ware Software (University of Colorado) representing the entire River Nile system within Sudan. Three scenarios were adopted, baseline (Hydrological System without GERD), GERD first filling and long-term operation. River inflows, water levels, runoff and hydrograph shapes within Sudan water system were investigated and compared to the average baselines, taking into consideration the recent Dams' operation policies and rules. In addition, a simple-approach operation scenario was adopted for GERD. Likewise, as hydrological inputs, 30 years of historical time series were used. Given the above, the hydrological impacts in six representative River Nile reaches within Sudan were estimated, then highlighted and judiciously investigated. In summary, it could be concluded that, during the first filling of GERD, the runoff of the Blue Nile will decrease by 30%. While, for the Long Run, significant changes are expected for to the Blue Nile hydrograph, resulting in slight to moderate changes for the Main Nile Hydrograph. It's expected that the impacts of GERD on River Nile hydrology will lead to increasing average discharges during summer period by a range of 10-500% for different months and hydrology, on the other hand, reducing flood peak by approximately 10-25%. In the long run, Water Levels in different reaches are expected to vary by ± (2 to 3) meters. It's concluded that operation policies of the existing Sudanese dams will no longer be valid for the new Situation after GERD, further studies are highly recommended to be conducted.

Automation of greenhouse environment using simple timer-based actuators or by means of conventional control algorithms that require feedbacks from offline sensors for switching devices are not efficient solutions in large-scale modern greenhouses. Wireless instruments that are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and knowledge-based decision support systems have attracted growers’ attention due to their implementation flexibility, contribution to energy reduction, and yield predictability. Sustainable production of fruits and vegetables under greenhouse environments with reduced energy inputs entails proper integration of the existing climate control systems with IoT automation in order to incorporate real-time data transfer from multiple sensors into AI algorithms and crop growth models using cloud-based streaming systems. This chapter provides an overview of such an automation workflow in greenhouse environments by means of distributed wireless nodes that are cu...

Several multivariate statistical or chemometrics or pattern recognition techniques e.g. Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical k-Mean Cluster Analysis have been applied to gain understanding about the quality of the packaged bottled drinking water in the market of Bangladesh. Twenty three (23) physico-chemical properties of total of 51 water samples have been investigated. The data set consists of 49 individuals from 11 Brands and 2 deionized ASTM TYPE-I water samples produced in the laboratory to be a technically pure water having Electrical Conductivity ~0.056 µS-cm-1. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Non-Parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests have been conducted to detect statistical differences between the water types and different brands. Total of 23 attributes of water covering major ion contents: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chloride, fluoride, sulphate, bicarbonate and nitrate and other features: pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, ammonium, nitrite, free cyanogen and chemical oxygen demand, total cation sum and total anion sum. Both the Principal Components Analysis and the Factor Analysis revealed that the differences between water individuals are best characterized by four Principal Components or Factors indicating material loadings, hardness or softness aesthetic acceptability and lightness/sutability for human consumption. Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical k-means Cluster Analysis clearly identified the presence of four distinct clusters: A, B, C and D among the bottled water products in the market of Bangladesh. The profile features for each cluster have been defined as such the classification achieved to acquire improved and detailed understanding of the general properties of the products under study. We have observed that HCA using WARD algorithm provided us with more realistic classification solution in comparison with non-hierachical k-means as the Cluster members are truly reflecting their group pattern in line with their chemical compositions. HCA using WARD showed that BRAND05 and BRAND11 belonging to Cluster A products execssively loaded with materials and considered to be as hard waters. And BRAND09 and BRAND10 staying with DEIONIZEDWATER belonging to Cluster B are completely devoide of essential minerals as such seemed to be as ultra low mineral content type water or too soft in nature. The other folks BRAND03, BRAND04, BRAND06, BRAND07 and BRAND08 are also not having sufficient mineral contents so as to be very soft water indeed. Hence, waters belonging to Clusters A, B and C are not suitable for human consumption. Only two brands BRAND01 and BRAND02 staying in Cluster D appeared to be suitable for human consumption in every respect.The fact is the BRAND01 is produced by a foreign manufacturer. That means, all other local brands, except BRAND02 are essentially not having the appropriate quality to be drinking waters. From both PCA and FA these two brands BRAND01 and BRAND02 have been very well explained. These are the major outcomes of this study not immediately apparent from univariate approach or not appeared from the data set while looking through naked eyes. It is revealed that the multivariate data analytical techniques have potential to be useful complementary techniques to support the existing univariate practices for industrial quality assurance quality control, market surveillance, standardization process and or regulatory purposes and also seemed to be interesting to academic and scientific communities seeking advanced knowledge.

Geomorphology of Sariska Tiger Reserve in AravallisThe reserve has topography of undulating plateau land and wide valleys with flat vast plains to narrow and deep gorges. The terrain of Sariska Tiger Reserve is hilly maintain the character of Aravalli system with sharp log back ridges. The slopes are steeper on their southern aspects than in other direction. The ridges and plateaus are convulated and curved, and run in many directions. There is a major valley referred to as the main valley which runs in a general east west direction through the reserve. The main valleys width ranges from 0.25 km. to 2 km. comprises with Kushalgarh in the west, it forks into 2 branches towards Tulsiwasla in the north-west and Sariska in the south-west. Another major valley, the Sariska-Kalighati valley, runs in a general north-south direction. It is narrow, about 0.25 km. wide for the distance of about 5 km. before it broaden out at Karnawas. At the Sariska, where it links up with main valley, it is almost 3 km. wide. To the south of core zone–I there is a wide valley (1 km.) which runs northwards from Mandalwas to Kaniyawas near Kankwari at the Sariska. In Sariska, they are in NNE-SSW direction.Sariska in the Northern part of the Aravallis has mainly residual hills, though there is a structural control as well. The residual hills occur as isolated, linear features in the line with the trend of the mountain and are spread from each other by wide gaps (Dhabriya, S.S., 1987).

In order to obtain an optimal design of composite offshore wind turbine blade, take into account all the structural properties and the limiting conditions applied as close as possible to real cases. This work is divided into two stages: the aerodynamic design and the structural design. The optimal blade structural configuration was determined through a parametric study by using a finite element method. The skin thickness, thickness and width of the spar flange, and thickness, location, and length of the front and rear spar web were varied until design criteria were satisfied. The purpose of this article is to provide the designer with all the tools required to model and optimize the blades. The aerodynamic performance has been covered in this study using blade element momentum (BEM) method to calculate the loads applied to the turbine blade during service and extreme stormy conditions, and the finite element analysis was performed by using abaqus code to predict the most critical da...

Wind energy is one among the most promising renewable energy sources, and hence there is fast growth of wind energy farm implantation over the last decade, which is expected to be even faster in the coming years. Wind turbine blades are complex structures considering the different scientific fields involved in their study. Indeed, the study of blade performance involves fluid mechanics (aerodynamic study), solids mechanics (the nature of materials, the type of solicitations …), and the fluid coupling structure (IFS). The scope of the present work is to investigate the mechanical performances and structural integrity of a large offshore wind turbine blade under critical loads using blade element momentum. The resulting pressure was applied to the blade by the use of a user subroutine “DLOAD” implemented in ABAQUS finite element analysis software. The main objective is to identify and predict the zones which are sensitive to damage and failure as well as to evaluate the potential of c...

Introduction Following a normal growth in population, the amount and type of waste materials have increased accordingly. Many of the non-decaying waste materials will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. The non-decaying waste materials cause a waste disposal crisis, thereby contributing to the environmental problems. The problem of waste accumulation exists worldwide, specifically in the densely populated areas. Most of these materials are left as stockpiles, landfill material or illegally dumped in selected areas [1]. In the world is increasing demand and interest in aggregates from non-traditional sources such as from industrial by-products and recycled construction and demolition wastes. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) focuses on the removal and reuse of hardened concrete whereas the Department of the Environment and Water Resources in Australia and CSIRO have developed a guide on the use of recycled concrete and masonry materials. The Waste ...

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 IPCC EMISSIONS SCENARIOS 2.1 Emissions scenario families 2.2 SRES and climate change 2.3 Impacts on global agricultural production 2.4 Impact on forestry 2.5 Projected changes for New Zealand's pasture production 2.6 Summary of climate change impacts CHAPTER 3 CURRENTLY AVAILABLE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES 3.1 Mitigation of gases 3.2 Methane capture 3.3 Sequestration CHAPTER 4 CONSUMER RESPONSES 4.1 Environmental impacts 4.2 Willingness to pay 4.3 Consumer variables and preferences 4.4 Supply chain issues 4.

This study evaluates the percentage content of carbohydrate components present in sour sop pulp peels. The samples were washed and dried at 60oC for eighteen hours; this was done to prevent the volatilization of some components at higher temperatures. The carbohydrate components that were determined included starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar. Standard methods were used to determine the various parameters. Results showed that starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar had percentage concentrations of 0.25%, 14.7%, 20%, 15%, 34% and 14.3% respectively. This study shows that the peels of sour sop pulp have some industrial potentials especially in the production of paper and low cost ethanol.

The implementation of increasingly stringent standards for the discharge of waste into the environment, as well as the increase in cost of habitual disposal or treatment options, has motivated the development of different processes for the treatment and disposal of wastes. Solid waste may seem to be the most ordinary forms of wastes, but they could be responsible for many problems such as spread of diseases and emission of green house gases. Over the years, solid waste disposal was a neglected issue as these wastes were simply dumped on land in the outside of the city. Unscientific disposal of solid wastes causes an adverse impact on all components of the environment and human health. Transformation of wastes and pollutants are classified as being chemical or biological in nature. Micro-organisms are the agents which bring about the conversion of these wastes into useful products like fuel gases, fuel alcohol and also compost which can be used as manure. Among different bioconversion of solid waste composting appears to be a safe form of treatment of solid waste and the reclamation of the nutrients containing in them. During the last few years, composting by mushroom fungi has gained wide acceptance as a key component of integrated solid waste management. It has been promoted as an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to urban waste management. It encourages the production of beneficial microorganism (mainly mushroom fungi) which in turn breaks down organic matter to create humus. Humus, a rich nutrient filled material, increase the nutrient content on soils and helps soil to retain moisture. Addition to this mushrooms directly utilize bioconversion of solid wastes generated from industry and agriculture into edible biomass, which could also be regarded as a functional food or as a source of drugs and pharmaceuticals.

It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC  ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright brothers first aircraft was made by dr Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895 with reference of this ancient hindu sanskrit manuscript .

It is through specific genealogies of scholarship on race and coloniality, Indigenous feminisms, and Black feminisms that we can escape the well-rehearsed trope of 'land as body'. Within a comparative hemispheric American studies framework, I consider the centre of struggles over empire and extractivism that show the unravelling of the binary between embodiment and territories. I also consider submerged perspectives and forms of solidarity by those who refuse the material and symbolic infrastructures of racial and extractive capitalism.

For the past several years the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon have partnered with the Confederated Tribes of Siletz lnctians, and the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs to assist Dr. Dale Croes of South Puget Sound Community Col lege (SPSCC) in providing stewardship and management over a unique site named the Sunken Village Site. This site is unique not just due to its preservation and content but also in that it has been an opportunity for International (Japanese sponsorship in this case), federal , state, and local agencies to work with Tribes in the preservation of a area that is geologically distinct and vitally important to the maintenance of the culture of the three Tribes involved. This world-wide partnership will not only allow us to better understand but also better protect one of the best wet sites on the Columbia River.

The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management
routes. Solid waste management in rural areas is a key issue in developing and transitioning countries due to the lack of proper waste management facilities and services. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with municipal and agricultural wastes. The book provides useful information for academics, various professionals, the members of civil society, and national and local authorities.

The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.

Kualitas lingkungan merupakan determinan penting terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Status kesehatan lingkungan didiagnosis menggunakan indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan. Indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan diterapkan pada media-media lingkungan seperti air, udara, pangan, dan vektor. Air mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan kesehatan. Apabila tidak diperhatikan, maka air yang dipergunakan masyarakat dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Udara yang kotor seperti debu, asap rokok, asap pembakaran, asap pabrik dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan khususnya dalam perkembangbiakan dan penyebaran berbagai bibit penyakit. Selain itu, kebersihan dan keamanan pangan dan tidak terkendalinya vektor penyakit juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menyebabkan kondisi yang tidak kondusif untuk kesehatan manusia.

Only within the past decade has the potential of metal biosorption by biomass materials been well established. For economic reasons, of particular interest are abundant biomass types generated as a waste byproduct of large-scale industrial fermentations or certain metal-binding algae found in large quantities in the sea. These biomass types serve as a basis for newly developed metal biosorption processes foreseen particularly as a very competitive means for the detoxification of metal-bearing industrial effluents. The assessment of the metal-binding capacity of some new biosorbents is discussed. Lead and cadmium, for instance, have been effectively removed from very dilute solutions by the dried biomass of some ubiquitous species of brown marine algae such as Ascophyllum and Sargassum, which accumulate more than 30% of biomass dry weight in the metal. Mycelia of the industrial steroidtransforming fungi Rhizopus and Absidia are excellent biosorbents for lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and uranium and also bind other heavy metals up to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Biosorption isotherm curves, derived from equilibrium batch sorption experiments, are used in the evaluation of metal uptake by different biosorbents. Further studies are focusing on the assessment of biosorbent performance in dynamic continuous-flow sorption systems. In the course of this work, new methodologies are being developed that are aimed a t mathematical modeling of biosorption systems and their effective optimization. Elucidation of mechanisms active in metal biosorption is essential for successful exploitation of the phenomenon and for regeneration of biosorbent materials in multiple reuse cycles. The complex nature of biosorbent materials makes this task particularly challenging. Discussion focuses on the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding. The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed in this article, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions. A Bohumil Volesky is a Professor of Chemical Engineering a t McGill University (Montreal, Canada), active in areas of biochemical engineering and industrial water pollution control. He obtained his basic training a t the Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, receiving the Dipl. Ing. degree in 1962. Following more than 4 years of industrial research and experience, he earned his Ph.D. in biochemical engineering a t the University of Western Ontario (London, Ontario) in 1971. He is the founder and a president of BV Sorbex, Inc., a new technology venture commercializing the biosorption process for removal and recovery of heav metals from industrial solutions that he has been pioneering in his research. He has held appointments as a visiting professor a t the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Lausanne, Switzerland) and a t the University of Puerto Rico, and his major collaborative research activities include colleagues in China, Brazil, Korea, and the Czech Republic. His current research interests are reflected in a recently published book Biosorption of Heavy Metals that he edited and in a monograph volume Modeling and Optimization of Fermentation Processes. t 4

This research studied community participation in solid waste management in Bauchi metropolis with the aims of evaluating community involvement in the management of solid waste in the study areas. Data collection method include the use of questionnaire and observations. The questionnaire covered information on personal data, occupation, types of containers used in storing wastes at home, stakeholders in charge of solid wastes managemen, how satisfied communities are with the way solid waste managemens. Three research questions were raised and based on the three stated objectives. The population of study were peoples residing in Bauchi metropolis. Through the use of stratified sampling techniques, 100 copied of questionnaires were administered to the respondents. Observation and documented materials were also used to collect data for the study. Data were presented on tables and charts. The survey found out that 92% of respondents do not segregate solid waste at point of generation in the study area. They often regard waste as a useless materials that most be disposed off and even those ho segregates it were farmers who used the organic waste in their farm in other to improve the fertility of the soil. The private or informal sector organization combined, managed about 57.8% of the total wastes generated in the study area while Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) managed the remaining 42.2% which is the statutory body I charge of the exercise.

In order to manage the world's increasingly scarce water resources we must have a sound understanding of how water moves around the planet and what influences water quality. Fundamentals of Hydrology provides an engaging and comprehensive introduction to this subject and provides real-life examples of water resource management in a changing world.

In the last decades of the twentieth century the small and medium-sized nations of East and South-East Asia have begun a process of potentially enormous political and economic transformation. Explosive growth has occurred already in many parts of the region, and the more slowly growing countries are attempting to emulate this vanguard group. The impact of the region upon the world economy has increased rapidly and is likely to continue to do so in the future.

Globally, harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by marine phytoplankton pose a significant threat to human health and result in enormous economic loss. Many strategies have been implemented for their detection, management, and control. One such instrument is the red-tide acoustic sensing system (RASS) which utilizes a backscattered acoustic signal to detect microalgal cells in the water column, proving to be a cheap and easy tool for the HABs detection. In the current study, five RASSs were deployed at fish farms located in HAB-occurring areas of South Korea during the summer of 2018, and their performance examined for the HABs detection. From 26 July to 6 August 2018, the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides was the most abundant HAB species across all locations. A standard curve between the relative received level (RRL) of acoustic intensity as measured by RASS and cell densities of HAB species was constructed (R 2 = 0.846) and was successfully applied to quantify the HAB cell density. The RRL values noticeably increased from July 25, 2018 and decreased from August 1. The RRL values corresponding to warning level of HABs (≥ 100 cells mL −1) were not measured after August 5. The highest 22 RRL was recorded on July 29, which corresponded to 2,782 cells mL −1. To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of the RASS, a significant correlation (R 2 = 0.997) between HAB cell abundance and backscattered acoustic signals was confirmed. Results from our study show that the RASS can produce accurate, real-time bloom data, providing significant advantages for the warning of HABs.