Mozambique

Esta publicación recoge las intervenciones en el seminario
sobre las alternativas de desarrollo al modelo actual en Mozambique, que tuvo lugar el 19 de julio del 2013 en las instalaciones de la Universidad Pública UNILURIO en Pemba (Cabo Delgado).
Recoge diferentes refleciones sobre algunas de las dimensiones específicas ligadas al Desarrollo Humano Local (DHL) de
Cabo Delgado. En concreto, se abordaron cuestiones relativas a la planificación del desarrollo, la equidad de género, la sostenibilidad medio ambiental, las industrias extractivas, la gobernanza y la participación en la toma de decisiones, y se sistematizaron algunas experiencias de desarrollo local en el Norte de Mozambique.

Índice

- Aurkezpena / Presentación, por Jokin Alberdi y Eduardo Bidaurratzaga

- Capítulo 1: Los retos del Desarrollo Humano Local en Mozambique: Reflexiones para el caso de Cabo Delgado, por Jokin Alberdi y Eduardo Bidaurratzaga

- Capítulo 2: Cabo Delgado na encruzilhada: Desafios para o desenvolvimento e a governação num contexto de madança, por Jesús Pérez Marty

- Capítulo 3: A nova situação socioeconómica no Norte de Moçambique e o impacto sobre as desigualdades das mulheres, por Isabel Casimiro

- Capítulo 4: Desenvolvimento Humano Local: desafíos e perspectivas para igualdade de género e empoderamento das mulheres em Cabo Delgado, por Sheila Murima y Angela Collet

- Capítulo 5: Moçambique em transição e o papel da sociedade civil na planificação do desenvolvimento: o caso da Provincia de Nampula, por Antonio Muagerene y Pedro Carvalho

- Capítulo 6: A contribuição do comercio transfronteirio no desenvolvimento local: o caso do distrito de Muidumbe, Cabo Delgado, por Antonio Jorge Melembe Junior

- Capítulo 7: Microindústria e Desenvolvimento Local no Norte de Moçámbique: Instalações moageiras e transformação económica em Muidumbe, por Nocif Francisco Magaia

E por isso que, no campo «tradicional», as instituições que tomam conta da doença, que estão encarregues de curar, são simultaneamente políticas, 8 Relativamente a Africa, muito tem sido escrito sobre o lugar do «tradicional» nas actuais discussões epistemológicas. Como referências sugere-se: . Noutros contextos políticos, o debate entre o «moderno» e o «tradicional» tanto é visto como um espaço conflitual que pode resultar no germinar de novas realidades (caso da índia -Vlsvanathan, 2000), como é visto como constituindo o elemento que forma espaços de diferença e de contraste , Xaba, 2000.

Even though scholars have made substantial contributions in connecting the fields of transitional justice and memory studies, important questions remain unanswered. The question of sequencing is one of them. How does a certain TJ mechanism condition the implementation of subsequent mechanisms and how together they shape memory narratives in a given society? This article builds on the case of Mozambique. Soon after the signing of the General Peace Agreement in 1992, the Frelimo-led government approved Amnesty Law 15/92 and with it, the past was to be left in the past. Such a choice was different from the one taken by Samora Machel-Mozambique's first president-between 1975 and 1982. By promoting a quasi-truth commission, Machel revisited Mozambique's colonial past and brought comprometidos' actions into the open. This article finds that whether the government opened up about the past or sought to leave it behind, the result has been the same: the celebratory reproduction of the liberation war narrative. Resorting to path dependence and critical junctures, this study explains the ways in which such a narrative has become hegemonic throughout the last four decades.

É nos períodos de crise, como aquele que vivemos, que mais úteis se tornam os conhecimentos acumulados ao longo de anos de investigação fundamental.
No caso de Moçambique, as anteriores pesquisas acerca dos particularismos culturais e das condições de existência da população permitirão, agora, adaptar as regras supostamente universais de prevenção da covid-19 às realidades do país, tornando-as praticáveis e eficazes. Paulo Granjo 5 de Julho de 2020, 7:33 A frase de abertura deste artigo poderá parecer paradoxal a alguns leitores. Então não é verdade que-diz-nos o sociólogo Patrick Lagadec-a "crise" é uma situação de incerteza em que as dificuldades se entrecruzam num fenómeno global, no qual as formas habituais de análise e gestão e os instrumentos de resposta que estavam previstos se revelam inúteis, quando não agravam os problemas?

Introduction: Severe malaria has been attributed partly to the sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of vital host organs. Identification of P. falciparum cytoadherence phenotypes that are associated with severe malaria may lead to the development of novel strategies against life-threatening malaria.

Les programmes de transferts sociaux monétaires sont de versements en espèces aux groupes les plus vulnérables de la population, avec l’objectif majeur de satisfaire les besoins de base et d’assurer le niveau minimal de consommation aux bénéficiaires. La garantie d’avoir le minimum se révèle être un droit fondamental, qui doit être assuré en tant que politique publique dans le cadre juridique d’un système de protection sociale. Ce mémoire exposera le processus de la mise en oeuvre du programme de transfert monétaire au Mozambique, programme lui-même composé d’un système opérationnel complexe et transversal, ainsi que d’une coopération multilatérale au sein de laquelle de nombreux acteurs sont imbriqués. Le Mozambique fait face non seulement à des défis qui limitent l’efficacité du programme, tels que le manque de ressources et à des obstacles dus à des manquements institutionnels et techniques. L’analyse des programmes de transferts monétaires permet de poser la question de l’insuffisance observée ainsi que leur absolue nécessité.

In Mozambique, there is limited data regarding the monitoring of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment results and determinants of adverse outcomes under routine surveillance conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate treatment outcomes among TB patients, analyze factors associated with a fatal outcome and determine the proportion of deaths attributable to TB in the district of Manhiça, Southern Mozambique. This is a retrospective observational study based on TB patients diagnosed in the period 2011-2012. We used three different data sources: a) TB related variables collected by the National TB Control Program in the district of Manhiça for all TB cases starting treatment in the period 2011-2012. b) Population estimates for the district were obtained through the Mozambican National Statistics Institute. c) Deaths and other relevant demographic variables were collected from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System at Manhiça Health Research Center. WHO guidelines were used...

Foi com honra elevada que recebemos o presente convite para participar deste simpósio, sobretudo se considerarmos que poucos são os trabalhos feitos por brasileiros que tenham interesse por Moçambique, embora seja necessário destacar o elevado número de moçambicanos que escolhem o Brasil enquanto local para dar seguimento aos seus estudos. Em resposta ao título do painel, a nossa comunicação procurará apresentar de que forma as plataformas digitais, com particular interesse as redes sociais da Internet, são usadas como formas de participação cívica e política por parte dos jovens que residem no espaço urbano.

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY IN PORTUGUESE COLONIAL POLICY UNDER THE ESTADO NOVO

The article links the development of Portuguese colonial policy to that of Portuguese anthropological expression against the background of colonial reality of the Estado Novo, in an attempt to demonstrate how, as it evolved, Portuguese anthropology closely followed the demands and impositions resulting from successive changes in the Portuguese colonial paradigm. Anthropology, in its most exact sense, was officially called upon to cooperate politically in the colonies in two different periods. The first was previous to the establishment of the Estado Novo, during the «enlightened» administration of Norton de Matos, between 1912 and 1915, when the first attempts at a real and systematic administrative occupation of the Angolan hinterland, stressed the need for an ethnographic survey of «native uses and customs». The second, about forty years later, came with the establishment of the Missão de Estudos das Minorias Étnicas do Ultramar Português ( MEMEUP) through which the Estado Novo tried to transfer to the cultural arena, problems which were exclusively connected with the political sphere. However, one should carefully distinguish between the government anthropology that supported the administration of Norton de Matos and Ferreira Dinis in Angola and the applied anthropology that the MEMEUP tried to put into practice in the north of Mozambique during the final days of the autocratic regime of the Estado Novo. The former was little more than an incipient technique, mainly limited to pragmatic considerations, whereas applied anthropology, by presenting itself as a field practice, based itself on an autonomous body of knowledge: anthropological science.

During the first half of the twentieth century, anthropology tended to neglect the historical condition of the societies it studied, thus camouflaging the conflictual and contingent dimension of their colonial condition. Since the forties, however, a group of anthropologists born in South Africa developed an unprecedented perspective, analyzing native African societies in the context of the modern economic and political structures in which they were established and in their relationship with groups of European origin. Isaac Schapera, Hilda Kuper and Max Gluckman are among the most striking names of this turn, becoming in this circumstances the target of distrust of the South African authorities. In a sense, and according to researchers like Jan-Bart Gewald, Robert Gordon or Bruce Kapferer, this is a phase in which the work of some anthropologists in Africa is in discrepancy with the very ideology of colonialism, although it is the colonial reality itself that allows the development of these new anthropological approaches.
By this time, António Rita-Ferreira (1922-2014), a Portuguese colonial official in Mozambique, writes Os Azimba, the ethnographic monograph that allowed him to advance in his career. After this first approach to anthropology, Rita-Ferreira continued to nourish interest in the discipline, developing several researches throughout the 1950s and 1960s, namely on the migratory movements in southern Mozambique. By then he was reading Schapera, Kuper and Gluckman as well as other anthropologists who did field work in South Africa and Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia).
In this paper, we intend to analyze the way in which the ethnographic practices and writings of this official dialogue with an anthropology often critical of the colonialism practiced in Africa, and simultaneously express his professional, social and political position within the Portuguese empire. Following a close approach to recent contributions on the relationship between science and empire (e.g.: Hodge, 2007; Tilley, 2011) -- and in particular the theoretical developments on the connections between anthropology and colonialism (Kuklick, 1991; Pels, 1997; Schumaker, 2001; Stocking, 1991; Tilley & Gordon, 2010) – we will evaluate the anthropology of António Rita-Ferreira taking into account the precise context in which it was structured.
Therefore, we will try to understand how his ethnographic work relates to his role within the Colonial State. We will assess the scope and configuration of his contacts with South Africa's Anthropology, and we will also examine how his research intertwines with the political and social specificities of Mozambique in the post-war period; the way they responded to the political transformations that were taking place throughout Africa; and to the changes in the Portuguese colonial ideology. We are also interested in understanding the insertion of his anthropology into the conflictual dynamics that were established in the colony itself, between groups of different political sensitivities and different positions in the social hierarchy.

Introduction: Over the past decade, governments and international partners have responded to calls for health workforce data with ambitious investments in human resources information systems (HRIS). However, documentation of country experiences in the use of HRIS to improve strategic planning and management has been lacking. The purpose of this case presentation is to document for the first time Mozambique's novel approach to HRIS, sharing key success factors and contributing to the scant global knowledge base on HRIS. Case presentation: Core components of the system are a Government of Mozambique (GOM) registry covering all workers in the GOM payroll and a "health extension" which adds health-sector-specific data to the GOM registry. Separate databases for pre-service and in-service training are integrated through a business intelligence tool. The first aim of the HRIS was to identify the following: who and where are Mozambique's health workers? As of July 2015, 95 % of countrywide health workforce deployment information was populated in the HRIS, allowing the identification of health professionals' physical working location and their pay point. HRIS data are also used to quantify chronic issues affecting the Ministry of Health (MOH) health workforce. Examples include the following:

Resumo Os debates atuais na área da bioética e colaborações transnacionais sus-citaram preocupações acerca da aplicação de normas internacionais na condução de investigação clínica em África. Geralmente essas estrutu-ras de avaliação bioética estão ainda incipientes ou frágeis na maioria dos países africanos. A importância da aplicação de métodos qualitati-vos na área da investigação médica, tem como objetivo de melhorar e aprofundar o conhecimento da cultura de comunidades locais, e as suas perceções e práticas. Estes métodos facilitam melhoramentos nos pro-tocolos de investigação, e a sua implementação e avaliação, e a adesão a princípios da justiça e equidade social relativo as comunidades sob estu-do. Durante as últimas décadas, o papel das ciências sociais na área da saúde ganhou mais visibilidade em países de baixo rendimento, também em África. Investigadores na área de saúde e agências financiadoras que operam nestes países, estão cada vez mais confrontados com a necessi-dade de avaliar as implicações éticas para os participantes e as comuni-dades a que pertencem. Este artigo propõe uma revisão bibliográfica dos percursos e constrangimentos no campo da bioética, centrando-se nos desenvolvimentos em África. Sugere um papel maior para métodos qualitativos, e sobretudo etnográficos, para aumentar a capacidade local e nacional, aumentar padrões de referência e promover investigação so-cialmente e eticamente responsável. Abstract Ongoing debates regarding bioethics and transnational research collaboration shave raised concerns about the conduct of clinical research in Africa and the application of international standards. Generally, bioethical frameworks are regarded as incipient and fragile in many African countries. The importance of applying qualitative methods from the social sciences in medical research is meant to enhance and deepen the knowledge on the culture of local communities, their perceptions and practices. These methods facilitate improvements in research protocols, their implementation and evaluation, and adherence to principles of justice and social equity to trial communities. Over the last decades social science-based research in the medical field has gained greater visibility in low income countries, also in Af-rica. Health researchers and funding agencies working in low resource settings,are increasingly confronted with the need to evaluate the ethical implications of research for vulnerable participants and the communities concerned. This article provides a bibliographical review of trajectories, trends and constraints in the bioethical field, centering upon developments in Africa. It argues for a major role of qualitative methods, and the use of ethnographical tools, in order to increase local and national capacity, raise standards and promote socially and ethically responsible research.

Este artigo parte do desafio de que não é possível uma justiça social global sem justiça cognitiva. A partir da análise crítica das ondas de violência xenófoba que têm abalado comunidades negras vivendo na África do Sul, este artigo, cuja referência analítica assenta nas propostas teóricas avançadas por Boaventura de Sousa Santos a partir das Epistemologias do Sul, aponta para a urgência de uma leitura mais complexa e cuidada da diversidade e das hierarquias culturais, condição
para uma tradução ampla do impacto da violência colonial.
Assente numa reflexão sobre as discriminações raciais no Brasil e os
conflitos xenófobos na África do Sul, este artigo busca propor pistas
que contribuam para descentrar as narrativas eurocêntricas dominantes,
apostando numa visão do social enquanto espaço plural, composto de múltiplas narrativas interligadas, frequentemente contraditórias entre si.
A construção de um diálogo intercultural constitui, como este artigo defende na sua parte final, um desafio à compreensão ampla das raízes da desigualdade no mundo. Múltiplas experiências cosmopolitas
caracterizam os atuais contextos urbanos no Sul global e o não reconhecimento desta vibrante e diversa realidade cultural e epistêmica constitui um compasso reivindicativo pelo ampliar dos sentidos da cidadania e das pertenças.

in the absence of antiviral therapy, the extent to which such defects contribute to the long-term containment of viremia is not known. Most previous studies examining for such defects have involved small numbers of subjects, primarily focused on subjects expressing HLA-B57, or have examined single viral genes, and they have focused on cellular proviral DNA rather than plasma viral RNA sequences. Here, we attempted viral sequencing from 95 HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) who maintained plasma viral loads of <50 RNA copies/ml in the absence of therapy, the majority of whom did not express HLA-B57. HIV-1 gene fragments were obtained from 94% (89/95) of the EC, and plasma viral sequences were obtained from 78% (61/78), the latter indicating the presence of replicating virus in the majority of EC. Of 63 persons for whom nef was sequenced, only three cases of nef deletions were identified, and gross genetic defects were rarely observed in other HIV-1 coding genes. In a codon-by-codon comparison between EC and persons with progressive infection, correcting for HLA bias and coevolving secondary mutations, a significant difference was observed at only three codons in Gag, all three of which represented the historic population consensus amino acid at the time of infection. These results indicate that the spontaneous control of HIV replication is not attributable to shared viral genetic defects or shared viral polymorphisms.

Background: Double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition is associated to the epidemiological transition in developing countries. It was observed in at least six countries. Maputo City might host this phenomenon because it is a developed area of a developing country. This study was performed to analyse the extent of the double burden, potentially related factors and their trends from the beginning of the millennium to 2012 in this city.

After its transition to democracy and decolonization in the mid-1970s, Portugal’s main external focus shifted from Africa and the Atlantic to Europe. Yet past priorities continued to occupy an important place in the foreign policy of this small state. Drawing on the literature on Europeanization, this paper examines the impact of European Union membership on Portuguese foreign policy by focusing on the case of Mozambique, one of Portugal’s largest former colonies in sub-Saharan Africa. Pointing to some national adaptation, the findings highlight Lisbon’s important efforts to project its priorities onto the EU level and preserve some freedom of maneuver in relation to its ex-colony. This study brings a more in-depth and nuanced picture of the EU’s impact on Portuguese foreign policy than the one usually found in the existing literature. Moreover, it corroborates the usefulness of the concept of Europeanization to explore the specific European dynamics that influence and shape the national foreign policies of EU member states.

Brazil became a prominent player for policy dialogue on food security and social protection in the 2000s and started to share its policy instruments with developing countries. However, the consequences as well as the mechanisms of such political effort have been little analysed. This paper draws on the case of Mozambique to examine the adoption process of Brazil's instruments of public food procurement from family farmers and home-grown school feeding. It shows that despite political and institutional constraints at the national level to adopting the initiatives in Mozambique, local actors managed to adapt them to their contexts. It aims to contribute to recent policy transfer literature, which is particularly interested in the role of 'translation' mechanisms in the circulation of policy ideas and practices across nations.

The ongoing urbanization process creates a movement of people from the rural to the urban environment and when dwellings are not enough self-building becomes a spontaneous answer to the need of a home. In this process the builders and dwellers do not completely adapt to existing living patterns, but they import their own culture of living within the city. Therefore, cities get enriched by new typologies and technologies and new forms of living are born from a rural/urban cultural background representing the needs of a contemporary society.
Spontaneous Living Spaces is a research project that focuses on the diversity of the cultures of living and considers their spontaneous forms as heritage, to be protected and enhanced, especially in their intangible knowledge and social and environmental relationships. It documents and analyses the places’ culture of living through a variety of tools from the architectural survey to the photo-reportage. The work is aimed at recognizing the cultural importance of these parts of urban fabric and providing the tools for Municipalities, planners and designers to work with full awareness of the local culture of living.
Since 2011 the project developed three case studies: Jardim Filhos da Terra a favela in Sao Paulo (Brazil), Pok Fu Lam, a low-density neighbourhood in Hong Kong (China) and four selected neighbourhoods of Pemba (Mozambique). The project is open to new cases for the creation of an atlas of the spontaneous culture of living.

The antimalarial drug piperaquine is associated with delayed ventricular depolarization, causing prolonged QT interval (time taken for ventricular de-polarisation and re-polarisation). There is a lack of safety data regarding dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHA/PPQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, which has limited its use. We created a platform where electrocardiograms (ECG) were performed in public hospitals for the safety assessment of DHA/PPQ, at baseline before the use of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (Eurartesim®), and on day 3 (before and after administration of the final dose) and day 7 post-administration. Laboratory analyses included haematology and clinical chemistry. The main objective of the ECG assessment in this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of DHA/PPQ on QTc intervals and the association of QTc intervals with changes in blood biochemistry, full and differential blood count over time after the DHA/PPQ administration. A total of 1315 p...

This article is about the role of tourist moral agency in governing. The affiliation between vacationing and governing is illustrated through the examination of a case study: the village of Canhane in Mozambique. The main touristic attribute of the village lies in residents’ performance of a society in need, seeking outside solutions and guidance. Virtuous tourism in Canhane is the effect of a capitalist expansion in which ethics, community development, and governance are conflated with tourists’ consumption. Specifically, the commodifying logic that emerges from the presence of virtuous tourists in the village derives primarily from three subjects: tourists’ self-aspirations, residents’ ambition to integrate into the broader socioeconomic order, and the politicization of virtue stimulated by the development industry. Ultimately, this article shows how the cultivation of ethics through tourism consumption has become an ally for the exercise of nongovernmental governance over public spheres.

Este é o segundo de uma série de resumos sobre políticas relacionados com o projecto de investigação, "A Etnografia de uma Cidade Dividida: Socio-política, Pobreza e Género em Maputo, Moçambique" (2012-2015), financiado pelo Norwegian Research Council. O objectivo é contribuir com conhecimento etnográfico e "pontos de vista a partir da base" para os debates e esforços sobre desenvolvimento urbano e redução da pobreza em curso em Moçambique.

When a Chinese construction consortium commenced building what was to become Mozambique's first national football stadium in 2008, one of the first things to be erected was a four meter high statue cast in solid metal. Beautifully crafted, it graced the entrance to the stadium even before the construction process had properly begun. Its aesthetic qualities notwithstanding, the statue did from the beginning severely strain the tenuous relationship between Mozambican officials and their Chinese counterparts involved in the building project. To many local officials, the tall and curved figure did not at all evoke national Mozambican symbolism but seemed, rather, to resemble something like a Chinese goddess. Although consistently asked to remove the imposing statue, the Chinese construc-tion consortium flatly refused. It was only when the construction project was formally de-livered to the Mozambican state in May 2011 that the four meter high metal goddess was finally removed by local authorities to be placed in backyard to the national arts museum where it still awaits its further destiny. This paper traces the genealogy of the Chinese statue and in so doing; it examines the production of intimate distantiation between Mozambican and Chinese officials actualized through the materiality of the iron figure. Indeed, although the collaborative work was gradually intensified, the statue came to serve as catalyst for in-creasing social distances between Mozambican and Chinese officials. In particular, the pa-per addresses the paradoxical question of what happens to relations of intimate distantia-tion when the medium through which they are materialized is suddenly removed.

This article focuses on regionalist voluntary associations in the former Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique during the twentieth century, relating them to the issues of social capital and plurality of identity, and linking them to the context of the Portuguese Diaspora. It studies the contribution made by associations based on regional ties in an imperial and ultranationalist space, and analyzes how that same contribution not only strengthened the social capital in their communities, but also upheld identities, which were less closed and more plural, despite the prevailing action of colonialism. Furthermore, the work of these popular institutions made it possible to enlarge the geographic and social contexts of regionalism, a Western phenomenon that has been re-assessed by scholars over the last few decades.

Este artigo propõe um olhar cruzado sobre o associativismo regionalista nas ex-colónias de Angola e Moçambique, relacionando-o com as problemáticas do capital social e das identidades plurais e articulando-o com o contexto diaspórico.
Analisa o contributo das associações que assumiram um vínculo regional num espaço imperial de sobrecarga nacionalista e o modo como esse mesmo contributo permitiu não só o reforço do capital social nas suas comunidades como a afirmação de identidades menos fechadas e mais plurais, apesar do colonialismo actuante.
Além disso, o labor destas organizações populares tornou possível o alargamento dos contextos geográficos e sociais do regionalismo, um fenómeno do mundo ocidental que teve, nas últimas décadas, uma redobrada atenção por parte da academia.

What visions for the future of the “Greater Maputo”? What territorial images and analytical interpretations we can build on to envision long- term strategies and political decisions to promote integrated and sustainable development?
Moving from these questions, through an innovative methodology and a transdisciplinary approach, the book offers a tool-kit for reading and rethinking the Maputo metropolitan region, from the perspective of a more balanced and comprehensive rural-urban relation. In addition, the volume outlines a combination of key guidelines and spatial scenarios for a possible agenda for the sustainable development of the Province of Maputo, with particular attention to the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus. The book presents a selection of the main results of the research project “Boa_Ma_Nhã, Maputo!” funded by Polisocial Award 2018 – the social engagement and responsibility programme at the Politecnico di Milano – to support PIMI, an ongoing educational and research programme at the Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo.

Em complemento às várias leituras, mais clássicas, que foram aplicadas ao surto de linchamentos peri-urbanos ocorridos em Moçambique durante o ano de 2008, este artigo propõe que eles sejam analisados, também, como uma linguagem política ritualizada, através da qual as populações procuram reivindicar e afi rmar um poder de controlo sobre as suas vidas, num quadro de insegurança global que extravasa a criminalidade e que interpretam como um abandono por parte do Estado. Sustentando-se em critérios de contrato social que são recorrentes em África, estes fenómenos afi rmam-se como situações de liminaridade que apelam à ordem, manipulando o poder excepcional de matar sob aplauso colectivo e reapropriando estéticas da morte e castigo físico público que, sob formas diferentes, se mantiveram familiares ao longo de diferentes regimes políticos, desde tempos pré-coloniais até à actualidade.

O desenvolvimento do gás natural no decorrer do século XX o torna uma fonte de energia primária distinta em paralelo a obtenção de carvão mineral e o petróleo, o que confere uma grande relevância e papel estratégico à extração de gás natural. Nos anos 2000, o aumento do preço do petróleo e os debates em torno da insegurança energética, viabilizaram o crescimento das descobertas de reservas de gás natural para atender a demanda internacional. Neste contexto, nos últimos anos a África Subsaariana consolidou sua posição nos mercados mundiais de commodities devido a uma nova “corrida” aos recursos do continente, em detrimento a abertura de novas fronteiras de produção em todos os continentes com destaque nos países emergentes. Moçambique desponta, por exemplo, como produtor emergente de gás natural cuja a principal produção está localizada nas províncias de Inhambane e Sofala. Os campos de gás natural moçambicanos são palco de um megaprojeto que atrai bilhões de investimentos diretos de atores globais do setor que permitem uma restruturação espacial do país.

Ce document est le manuscrit français de l'ouvrage de Michel Cahen Les Bandits. Un historien au Mozambique, 1994, Paris, Publications du Centre culturel Calouste Gulbenkian, juillet 2002, 354 p., ISBN : 972-8462-28-X, cartes, index des noms de personnes, de lieux, des dates et thématique. Une version en portugais a également été publiée sous un titre différent : Os outros. Um historiador em Moçambique, 1994, Bâle (Suisse), P. Schlettwein Publishing Foundation, 2003, 230 p., cartes, 3 index, ISBN : 3-908193-13-3, traduction de Fátima Mendonça [la légère différence dans le titre vise à éviter qu'il ne soit pris au premier degré par un lectorat mozambicain pour qui l'appellation « bandits » reste passionnelle].
Résumé : En 1994, dans le cadre du Groupement de recherche sur l’Afrique australe du CNRS, Michel Cahen partit suivre les premières élections pluripartisanes de l’histoire du Mozambique. Le pays sortait d’une terrible guerre civile qui, loin des médias, fit peut-être un million de morts sur environ quinze millions d’habitants. La rébellion de la Renamo (Résistance nationale du Mozambique) luttait contre le régime « marxiste-léniniste » du Frelimo, le Front de libération du Mozambique qui avait arraché l’indépendance aux Portugais en 1975. Et elle le combattait avec le soutien, d’abord, de la Rhodésie de Ian Smith, puis de l’Afrique du Sud alors en plein apartheid. Classique guerre Est-Ouest par acteurs locaux interposés ? Contre-révolutionnaires au service des racistes blancs ? Sans doute, mais… Comment comprendre l’incapacité du gouvernement « populaire » à les vaincre ? Comment comprendre l’expansion des activités de guérilla à presque 80 % du territoire ? Et comment se faisait-il que plus d’un tiers des Mozambicains, en cet automne 1994, s’apprêtaient à voter pour elle ? Michel Cahen, de formation marxiste revendiquée, n’avait aucune sympathie pour la Renamo. Mais il fallait, en historien, comprendre le phénomène. C’est pourquoi il s’intégra à l’équipe de campagne d’Afonso Dhlakama, le chef rebelle candidat aux élections présidentielles, puis visita des zones de vieille implantation « réactionnaire ». Ainsi sont nés ces carnets de route, issus de la visite de près d’une centaine de villes, bourgs, villages et localités de brousse, au cœur de l’actualité mais avec, en permanence, l’histoire du siècle colonial et de ses marginalités qui ressurgit. Ce n’est pas un roman, mais on y découvre des histoires de vie, et les efforts du régime pour repousser des rebelles en mal d’intégration vers la marginalité…

de Aarhus. A sua pesquisa inclui temas como planeamento urbano, desenvolvimento internacional e ideologias políticas. Desenvolveu trabalho de campo etnográfico no Brasil (2001-2002) e em Moçambique (2004 -até ao presente). Actualmente, participa num projecto de investigação de etnografia comparada sobre as intervenções chinesas em Moçambique e na Mongólia.

Hybridity conveys the idea of the interweaving of practices, norms and identities that defy any compartmentalisation into fundamentally bounded entities. This results from processes of hybridisation whereby actors cross boundaries that are prominent at a given time, like state vs. traditional. Boundaries help consolidate power, hierarchies, and orders. This article discusses the politics of hybridisation in the constitution of authority in post-colonies, using the example of chiefs and state officials in Mozambique. It argues that hybrid acts also form part of individual actors' efforts to consolidate power and constitute authority and that this coexists in a productive tension with boundary-making. © 2017 informa uK limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group KEYWORDS hybridity boundary-making chiefs state formation sovereignty ARTICLE HISTORY

Choosing appropriate practices and policies for biofuel production requires an understanding of how soils, climate, farm types, infrastructure, markets, and social organisation affect the establishment and performance of these crops. This book highlights land-use dynamics, cultivation practices related to conversion, and wider impacts. It explores how biofuel production chain development is steered by emerging technologies and management practices and how both can be infl uenced by effective policies designed to encourage sustainable biofuel production. Also, the book highlights major biofuel production chains including: • Cane cultivation in Brazil • Corn ethanol in the USA • Wheat and rapeseed in Europe • Oil palm in the Far East • Cane in Asia and Africa • SRC and other lignocellulosic crops In each case, the development, cropping systems, and impacts are discussed; additionally , system dynamics are shown and lessons are drawn for the way things could or should change. Biofuel Cropping Systems is a vital resource for all those who want to understand the way biofuels are produced and how they impact other elements of land use and especially how improvements can be made. It is a handbook for students, biofuel producers, researchers, and policymakers in energy and agriculture. J.W.A. Langeveld holds an MS in tropical agronomy. After a career of 20 years of research in public institutions, he founded a private company for research on sustainable biomass (Biomass Research) in 2008. He is an expert on land use and cropping systems analysis. His major focus is on sustainable biomass production and its utili-sation in biofuels and biobased materials. John Dixon is Principal Adviser-Research Programmes, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. He has over 30 years of developing country experience with agricultural research and development, including cropping systems, economics and natural resource management with the CGIAR system and the FAO UN. Herman van Keulen was trained as a soil scientist and production ecologist at Wagenin-gen University. During his career, Herman was recognized internationally as a giant in his fi eld. His knowledge of crop production around the world was encyclopaedic and his readiness to share his wisdom was a constant support for many around him. Sadly, Herman passed away before the publication of the book. He will be missed dearly by his wife and two sons, and also by his former colleagues and numerous ex-students.

Procurando discutir as práticas e experiências de participação política dos jovens moçambicanos e cabo-verdianos, defendemos a hipótese segundo a qual os jovens desses dois países enfrentam desafios que não encontram resposta política adequada, razão pela qual socorrem-se de ‘’novas’’ formas de engajamento político não convencionais, caracterizadas essencialmente pelas redes sociais da Internet e da arte para exercer o activismo.

This presentation will analyze the book "Portuguese Explorations in Lourenço Marques: Reports of Lourenço Marques Border Limitation Committee" and the photographs never published, but produced during the expedition. Held in 1890, the expedition had as its objective to demarcate the borders of the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique with the Boer Republic of the Transvaal. Despite the racism present in the text and photographs, the descriptions of the local cultural practices and their communities implicitly appear. Understanding that every photograph is a choice based at the decision of the author, who, in turn, is impregnated by his or her own culture, I will first work to contextualize the production of this document. Second, I will present the photographs taken during the expedition, showing their main characteristics.  Finally, I will seek to demonstrate the importance of these documents to understand the changes that African people of southern Mozambique were experiencing  with the growth of the Portuguese presence in the region, as well as what were their reactions to this process.

After our late night conversations at the small bar attached to Sauden's grocery shop in the southern part of Mulwene, a peri-urban neighbourhood on the outskirts of Maputo, Mozambique, I walked slowly home with Daniel and Celso, my two good friends and neighbours, while admiring recently initiated construction projects and half-built houses. Although the lack of any street lighting made it virtually impossible to make out the particularities of individual houses, Daniel and Celso easily recalled the main characteristics of most of the buildings in the area, which were carefully evaluated and compared to other construction projects, not least their own. As we walked the short distance from Sauden's grocery shop to our houses while discussing the particular advantages of different construction strategies or the unavoidable failures of using inappropriate materials, my two interlocutors also made me aware of the crucial importance of house-building to people in Mulwene: building a house did not simply constitute a temporary process in a person's life that anticipated the proper constitution of a household. Rather, house-building was constitutive of the process of establishing social personhood as such. 'To construct is part of our culture', Daniel reminded me. 'If you don't have a house, you don't have anything. Then you're just pushed around by the wind (anda a favor do vento) and so you don't have any strength (não tem força própria).' 2 As we passed the last corner before reaching our destination, Celso grabbed my arm and pointed at the plot to our right. Without any street light, I could not make out the details but I remembered that it was a small two-room reed hut occupied by a family of four who had recently moved to the area. 'Look at that, Morten,' Celso lowered his voice. 'That is not even a house. They are completely exposed . . . The owner can't hide his head (esconder a cabeça) in there.' Celso resumed walking while continuing to talk. 'I can't tell you how grateful I am that my family is living in a cement house . . .'