Michael Horvat

The University of Georgia, Kinesiology, Faculty Member

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Papers

Compensatory Analysis and Strategies for Balance in Individuals with Visual Impairments

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Nov 1, 2003

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Effect of Taekwondo Training on Lower Body Strength and Balance in Young Adults with Down Syndrome

Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, Jun 1, 2016

Research with individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suggests that increasing strength and balance m... more Research with individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suggests that increasing strength and balance may lead to increases in independence and self-reliance. Taekwondo has been shown to increase strength and balance in typically developing (TD) individuals. A study was undertaken to determine whether Taekwondo training can improve lower body strength and balance of young adults with DS. Forty-four adults with DS aged 21–30 years were assigned to either taekwondo classes 2 days/weeks for 10 weeks (n = 22) or a control group (n = 22). Measurements were taken prior to training, after 5 weeks and after 10 weeks of training, and after a 5 week detraining period. Strength was measured utilizing a hand-held dynamometer. Balance tests utilized the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB) with eyes open and closed, whereas dynamic balance was measured utilizing a limits of stability (LOS) test. A repeated measures MANOVA (significance level set at p < .05) was utilized to determine differences between groups over time for each of the three assessments. It was found that there was a significant mean increase in lower body strength after 5 weeks (pre: 142.1 lbs ± 52.4; 5 week: 197.7 lbs ± 71.2), and an additional increase after 10 weeks of training (10 week: 227.9 lbs ± 74.9). A decrease in strength was shown after detraining (188.5 lbs ± 63.7). Strength measures for the control group remained unchanged. There were no significant differences seen between groups in static or dynamic balance. The authors concluded that Taekwondo can be an effective method to increase strength of individuals with DS. Additional research is needed to determine if these strength changes lead to benefits related to physical function and independence.

Behavioral Engineering in Physical Education

Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, Aug 1, 1984

A comparison of isokinetic muscle strength and power in visually impaired and sighted individuals

Isokinetics and Exercise Science, Nov 3, 2004

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Using the Constant Time Delay Procedure to Teach Task-Analyzed Gross Motor Skills to Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disabilities

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Oct 1, 1994

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Clinical Assessment of Functional Movement in Adults with Visual Impairments

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, Feb 1, 2007

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A Visual Comparison of Psychological Profiles between Able-Bodied and Wheelchair Athletes

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Apr 1, 1984

The purpose of this study was to visually compare the psychological profile of 33 male wheelchair... more The purpose of this study was to visually compare the psychological profile of 33 male wheelchair athletes who competed in track and field events, with previous results of able-bodied athletes. Based on the data gathered using the Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory the wheelchair athletes demonstrated a profile similar to that of able-bodied athletes. This finding was discussed in terms of mental skills that may be developed by wheelchair athletes because of their injuries, possible influence of medication, and higher level of demonstrated anger.Considering that the human body is made for movement, it is a universally accepted fact that sports are one of the activities that are extremely healthy for man. Unlike the machines invented by man, the human machine deteriorates with inactivity. (Monnazzi, 1982, p. 85)

Effects of home-based exercise on postural control and sensory organization in individuals with Parkinson disease

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, Dec 1, 2009

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Increased Load Computerized Dynamic Posturography in Prefrail and Nonfrail Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2014

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Developmental and Adapted Physical Activity Assessment

Human Kinetics eBooks, 2019

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Impaired Step Up/Over in Persons With Parkinson’s Disease

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Apr 1, 2010

This study explored the functional movement task of stepping up and over an obstacle in individua... more This study explored the functional movement task of stepping up and over an obstacle in individuals with Parkinson’s disease to their aged-matched controls. Ten participants with Parkinson’s disease and 10 aged matched participants were assessed on the Step Up/Over task completed on a NeuroCom EquiTest long force-plate and analyzed using Group MANOVAs. The results indicate that individuals with Parkinson’s disease produce less lifting force and exhibited an increased time to complete the task of stepping up and over an object when compared with their aged matched peers. Considering the substantial risk of falls demonstrated in this population these preliminary finding demonstrate the need for interventions aimed at improving this component of function.

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Marketable Features of the Adapted Physical Education Career in Higher Education

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Apr 1, 1999

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Kinetic Movement Analysis in Adults with Vision Loss

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Jul 1, 2007

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Physical Education and Sport for Exceptional Students

Use of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Visually Impaired Athletes

Perceptual and Motor Skills, Dec 1, 1985

This report detailed the reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory when the test statement... more This report detailed the reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory when the test statements were presented verbally and in the traditional manner to undergraduates, 19 men and 17 women, who were physical education majors. In the standardized manner subjects read the statements silently to themselves; in the other administration statements were read aloud. The inventory then was administered twice verbally to 15 elite visually impaired women athletes. Both the state and trait subscales of this inventory are reliable if presented across or within modalities. The inventory, when presented verbally, might be appropriately used by visually impaired athletes in psychological preparation prior to competition.

The impact of vision loss on postural stability and balance strategies in individuals with profound vision loss

Gait & Posture, Jul 1, 2008

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A Graded Exercise Test Protocol for Spinal Cord Injured Individuals

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Sep 1, 1986

The purpose of this study was to develop a graded exercise protocol using a wheelchair on the tre... more The purpose of this study was to develop a graded exercise protocol using a wheelchair on the treadmill for lower-limb disabled individuals. Twenty-seven subjects with lower-limb disabilities were assessed with an experimental graded exercise test protocol that stared at 2 mph and 0% grade and progressed by increasing the grade 2% every 3 minutes while keeping the treadmill speed constant. The test protocol was sensitive to varying levels of fitness, enabling all subjects to complete at least three testing stages. The protocol was able to evaluate unfit individuals, while at the same time allowing elite wheelchair athletes to attain maximum heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) values, which they did within 24 minutes of beginning the procedure. The increase in work was gradual enough to be within a medical margin of safety for all subjects, and entailed an increase of approximately one MET per stage. Maximum VO2 and HR values demonstrated the familiar linear relationship associated with work.