Boundaries

People abused by angry discipline as children, may tend to abuse or overly punish other people or themselves for perceived wrongs in their adult life. In some individuals, aggressive personality traits may be genetically inherited. The aggressive personality may feel weakened by having guidelines or boundaries for anger. Anger is a normal human emotion, and these guidelines can help express anger in a healthy way.

La sedimentacion del delta del rio Orinoco podria influir en las relaciones geopoliticas entre Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago, ya que los espacios deltaicos abarcan superficies cada vez mas extensas, y de esta manera generan un acercamiento progresivo entre territorio venezolano y trinitario. Al norte y sur de Trinidad existen ciudades importantes como Puerto Espana, Point Fortin y La Brea, con recursos e industrias vinculadas a la actividad petrolera vitales para su desarrollo economico, que mantienen relaciones de intercambio comercial y cultural con centros poblados situados en el estado Delta Amacuro y la peninsula de Paria, conformandose asi la frontera entre Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago, a pesar de existir barreras en cuanto a idioma, cultura y costumbres. Para el Estado venezolano, el delta del rio Orinoco constituye la fachada atlantica que proyecta su Zona Economica Exclusiva y por este motivo, Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago comparten un espacio que posee recursos marinos, mineros...

Holding the Line: Borders in a Global World is a collection of papers, edited by Heather Nicol and Ian Townsend-Gault, which were originally presented at the Perme-able Borders and Boundaries Conference in Vancouver (BC) in August 1999. This book presents a series of nineteen ...

Is the idea of the "Middle East" simply a geopolitical construct conceived by the West to serve particular strategic and economic interests―or can we identify geographical, historical, cultural, and political patterns to indicate some sort of internal coherence to this label? While the term has achieved common usage, no one studying the region has yet addressed whether this conceptualization has real meaning―and then articulated what and where the Middle East is, or is not. This volume fills the void, offering a diverse set of voices―from political and cultural historians, to social scientists, geographers, and political economists―to debate the possible manifestations and meanings of the Middle East. At a time when geopolitical forces, social currents, and environmental concerns have brought attention to the region, this volume examines the very definition and geographic and cultural boundaries of the Middle East in an unprecedented way. Edited by late Michael E. Bonine, Abbas Amanat and Michael E. Gasper

Since Malawi became independent on 6 July 1964 diplomatic relations with her eastern neighbour, Tanzania, have been almost permanently strained. Differences between the two states have focused on three sets of issues: contrasting attitudes and policies towards the white minority régimes to the South, President Banda's suspicion that Tanzania was aiding and abetting the attempts by certain prominent Malawi exiles to subvert his régime,1 and a dispute over the de-limitation of the boundary between the two states along Lake Malawi (Nyasa).These issues are not easily separable: for if it had not been for Banda's outspoken policy towards the white South (which led him alone amongst African statesmen to establish diplomatic relations with South Africa), there would have been no compelling grounds for Tanzania, which opposed this policy, to offer asylum and support to his political opponents; and if it had not been for Tanzania's confrontation, not only with South Africa but al...

In Turkey, while urban area boundaries are enlarged by making decisions on investment areas in cities, development plans are made according to government decisions, rather than scientific criteria. Even environment protection laws state that "if public interest is at stake", areas under mandatory protection can be transformed into investment areas. This leads to destruction of valuable agricultural lands. Paper demonstrates loss of agricultural lands by superimposing plans, Suitability of the Lands for Agricultural Use and Google Earth Images in an exemplary settlement, and expresses that urban area boundaries should be included in legislation as an official boundary for all settlements.

This is an author-approved manuscript (AAM) of the article published in Intertexts. Please contact the author with questions or requests.

Like the unmapped globe, the individual has no borders until identity categories delineate political lines dividing up what was previously a unique, unified whole. Gloria Anzaldúa describes this imposition of borders on an intact “me,” whom “[o]nly your labels split.” The labels are imprecise, ill-fitting identity categories of gender, race, class, and politics that belong to someone else. She rejects the suggestion that such an identity assemblage makes her “confused” or “[a]mbivalent,” because the borders are foreign to her otherwise unbroken self: label confusion does not imply identity confusion. Identity categories are the kinds of concepts that those with political and epistemic power use to draw borders on individuals and maps, to impose distinctions and hierarchies suiting their objectives, to “create worlds” with words to “order dominant discourses,” as Timothy Fitzgerald explains. The powerful can then apply those concepts and the worlds they create to discursively justify their beliefs: repeated enough, the words and their worlds begin to sound natural, and then epistemically powerful, so that audiences trust the speakers who invoke those words and believe the knowledge from those conceptual worlds. ‘Religion’ is one powerful example of such a word that creates a naturalized category whose epistemic privilege makes it, as Barack Obama and Frederick Douglass observe in the epigraphs, a dangerous weapon.

An unforeseen fundamental change of circumstances can be invoked to prompt the termination of a treaty, under the customary rule rebus sic stantibus, which is codified in Article 62 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). The fundamental change must affect the essential basis of the treaty and radically transform obligations still to be performed.
Treaties establishing boundaries cannot be subject to unilateral termination by virtue of a fundamental change of circumstances because they are excluded under Article 62(2)(a) VCLT. However, the travaux préparatoires of the International Law Commission and relevant case law suggests that the exclusion only covers treaties delimiting territorial boundaries and full sovereignty.
Natural occurrences can alter coastal geography and maritime entitlements which form the essential basis of maritime boundary agreements. Treaties establishing boundaries to the exclusive economic zone, exclusive fisheries zone and the continental shelf do not delimit full sovereignty or territorial boundaries. Consequently, such boundary agreements are not excluded from termination due to a fundamental change of circumstances.

Birlikte yaşam insanın yazgısıdır, en baştan beri. Yolculuk boyunca bu birlikte yaşamda tahakkümü eline geçirenlerin diğerlerini yok saydığı sayısız sistem ortaya çıktı. Varsayıma göre diyalektiğin akışıyla bu sistemler dönüştü ve dönüşmeye de devam edecekler. Tarihin sıçradığı bu dönüşüm anlarına ilişkin öykülerin en önemlilerinden birisi de uydurma olsa bile Freud’un “Totem ve Tabu (1913)”’da anlattığı öykü olabilir. Kabiledeki tüm kadınlara el koyan şef/baba, kardeşler tarafından katledilir ve babayı katleden kardeşler aralarından yeni birisinin tiranlaşmasını önlemek için baba katlinin suçluluğunu paylaştıklarını hem beyan eden hem de yeni düzeni kutsayan bir totem dikerler. Yeni totem eski tiranın yerinde durur ve eski tiranın isteklerine değil herkes için geçerli soyut yasalara ve tabulara bağlıdır. Freud’a göre en eski tabular ensest yasağı ve öldürmeyeceksin kuralıdır. Modern toplum için ensest yasağının artık sadece kan bağı ile bağlı olunanları kapsamadığını, çok daha geniş bir yoruma kavuştuğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bir salınım olsa bile tarih boyunca ensest yasağı, yani hiçbir zaman cinsel dürtülerin hedefi yapılamayacak kişiler listesi genişlemiştir. Aslında ebeveyn ve çocuk arasındaki eşitsiz durum üzerinden dezavantajlı olanı korumak için gelişen bu tabu, kolaylıkla eşitsizliğin var olduğu, çiftin arasında asimetrinin belirginleştiği her duruma genişletilmeye elverişlidir. Artık öğreten-öğrenen, çalıştıran-çalışan, tedavi eden-tedavi edilen gibi çiftler arasındaki ilişkileri güvence altına alabilmek adına bu yasağın kabulü de her geçen gün artar. Kaygı her zaman aynıdır, hayır deme kapasitesi sınırlı olan ya da evet diyerek gönüllü onamı olsa bile konumsal farkın yarattığı illüzyonun belirgin olduğu durumlardır bunlar. Tedavi eden ve tedavi edilen arasında ortaya çıkan ilişki de eşitsiz bir ilişkidir.

This study examines a painted combat scene on a ceramic vessel of the Moche culture (AD 100–800) of the north coast of Peru. The scene portrays a series of distinctly Moche warriors fighting adversaries who feature characteristics (weaponry, ornaments and dress) that are unconventional for Moche visual culture. Correspondences in Recuay pottery and stone sculpture instead support the argument that the enemies were groups from the neighbouring inland valleys and highlands of the Pacific Andean flanks. The analysis of the imagery and its implications illuminate how societies without writing sometimes perceived and configured interaction with other groups — namely, through representations of warfare.

According to the most recent studies, the boundary of the ager romanus antiquus coincides with the first-mile ring, or rather, one thousand paces from the Servian walls. So far, research on the borders of Rome, which has been mostly historical or historical-religious in nature, has focused on trying to find one, unified response to all the questions concerning the ancients’ conception of Rome, both as an inhabited center and a power, and, therefore, on the expansion of the Urbs and its territorium, together forming precisely the ager romanus.
What is lacking, is a substantial, overall review of all the evidence available to us on this topic using an innovative approach that allows us to overcome typically dichotomous concepts (center-suburbs) as well as models of the area as a series of concentric rings in favor of a more holistic view of the territory. In other words, a historical synthesis has yet to be followed up by a systematic archeological study providing a complete picture of the problem. Therefore, the most recent studies convey a sense of the urgent need to overhaul the entire issue, a task that is complex and, in the future, would require the development of a research project that is far broader ranging and articulated than a monographic study.
Considering the most recent interpretive paradigms, the aim of this study is to continue research on the urban border spaces of Rome, especially by testing the meaning of the border landscape at the first mile, from the origins of the inhabited area to the building of the Aurelian wall, which, since the last quarter of the 3rd century AD, created a break between the city and the countryside. Therefore, only one specific area of the band of land located at the outer limits of the first mile of the city was systematically examined: the Almone Valley. This valley lies between the first and second mile of Via Appia, one of the main roadways in Rome, and—at least starting during the late Roman Republic—must have constituted the boundary of the urban area of Rome (the so-called continentia tecta) and, therefore, of the Augustan prima regio and the Urbs. From a strictly archeological point of view, despite the immense cultural significance that has always been universally attributed to the area crossed by Via Appia, the evidence needed to reconstruct the ancient landscape of the Almone Valley is actually rather scarce, which is all the more surprising if one considers that scholars of antiquity of any period have always been fascinated by the templum Martis.
In this perspective, the overall aim of this study, which certainly makes no claims of being exhaustive on the topic and area studied, is actually to re-open the debate on a suburban area which, when compared to its immense cultural potential, has not been given the right amount of attention by scholars and public administrators, with the result of adding another piece – however small – to the history of the urban formation of Rome.

"A study into the adoption of social media and web technologies in organisations and communities. The findings dispel the myth of the Generation Y dominance on social media, and reveal that the barriers to adoption include individual perceptions and boundaries toward new technologies, incorrect assumptions of prior learning and the need to change leadership styles when utilising social media. The scope of the research and its longitudinal nature make the study original.


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Introduction: The primary-secondary care interface provides significant opportunities for medication errors to arise. There has been limited research into mechanisms to facilitate seamless transfer across this interface. The aim of this study was to focus on the potential contribution of community pharmacy services at the interface.

Materials & Methods: The opinions of community and hospital pharmacists were sought in relation to the current situation by means of questionnaires. A log book of communications between a community pharmacy and hospitals was maintained. A comparison of new discharge and post-discharge prescriptions was also performed. The data was coded and analysed in SPSS v.16.

Results: There is currently little communication across the interface at the time of discharge, with 11% of community pharmacists reporting no contact by a hospital at this time and a further 80% stating that they were only contacted occasionally. Hospital pharmacists reported ongoing difficulties in attempting to obtain a medication history on admission. Both parties agreed that the introduction of standard protocols and a designated seamless care pharmacist would improve medication safety at the interface. Most communication occurred between the community pharmacy and hospital on a Friday and also after 3 pm in the evening. When communication did occur the issue was resolved in 81% of all cases. Medication that required a follow up prescription from a patient’s family doctor following a hospital visit was incorrectly transcribed by the family doctor in 27% of cases.

Discussions, Conclusion: The involvement of community pharmacists occurs irregularly at present. There is dissatisfaction with the current situation. Pharmacists at either side of the interface are aware of the importance of the role that the other plays in seamless care, with both parties favouring the introduction of processes to facilitate seamless care at the interface. The involvement of the community pharmacist in the discharge process, through the dispensing of hospital discharge prescriptions, helped to reduce the number of medication errors that could occur at the primary-secondary care interface.

Departing from the observation that traditionally the law of State responsibility has hardly interacted with the law of territory, the article examines how these two fields of international law may relate in the case of State action in contested areas, be they terrestrial or marine. Assessing recent international practice, particularly the case law of the International Court of Justice and arbitral tribunals, and differentiating between land and maritime disputes, it identifies the primary obligations incumbent upon States when acting in contested areas – relating to State sovereignty and sovereign rights, ius ad bellum, ius in bello, procedural obligations pending the final settlement of the dispute – and it examines the consequences of the breach of those primary norms, in terms of secondary obligations, as well as third States’ duties and obligations. The legal framework specifically created for disputed maritime areas by Art. 74 para. 3 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Art. 83 para. 3 UNCLOS, including its implications for land disputes, is specifically analysed. The authors submit that, at a time of increasingly pro-active policies and robust actions taken by States in contested areas, more attention should be devoted to the extent to which the law of State responsibility, especially with regard to relevant forms of reparation, has to adapt to the content and scope of primary norms applicable to that specific context.

This article reviews scholarship dealing with the notion of “boundary work,” defined as purposeful
individual and collective effort to influence the social, symbolic, material or temporal boundaries,
demarcations and distinctions affecting groups, occupations and organizations. We identify and
explore the implications of three conceptually distinct but inter-related forms of boundary work
emerging  from  the  literature.  Competitive  boundary  work  involves  mobilizing  boundaries  to
establish some kind of advantage over others. In direct contrast, collaborative boundary work is
concerned with aligning boundaries to enable collaboration. Finally, configurational boundary
work involves manipulating patterns of differentiation and integration among groups to ensure that
certain  activities  are  brought  together  while  others  are  kept  apart,  orienting  the  domains  of
competition and collaboration. We argue that the notion of boundary work can contribute to the
development  of  a  uniquely  processual  view  of  organizational  design  as  open-ended,  and
continually  becoming,  an  orientation  with  significant  future  potential  for  understanding  novel
forms of organizing, and for integrating agency, power dynamics, materiality, and temporality into
the study of organizing.

Comparative education relies on experiences, expertise, data, and criticism derived from multiple contexts and diverse levels to generate insights, facilitate understanding, and explain change. Marked by connectivity, our contemporary era vastly increases the (potential) diffusion of ideas essential for scientific advance. Three interlocking trends emphasise the growing relevance of comparative educational research. Firstly, competition has become more potent – among scholars, their organisations, and within as across countries. Secondly, educational studies, as science more generally, are increasingly conducted in collaboration – across disciplinary, cultural, linguistic, and organisational boundaries – enhancing the potential for discovery while producing influential scholarship. Thirdly, while educational research and policymaking are increasingly comparative, comparative knowledge stores are often only selectively used. To counter such reductionism, in-depth comparative institutional analysis across divides of academy, politics, and practice remain crucial. The multidisciplinary field must claim its relevance more persuasively, even as scholarly exchange, mobilities, and cultural knowledge endure as vital foundations.

Coimbra suffers from an urban contradiction settled in one of its key focal points: the Mondego River. The premise of this dissertation relies on the theory that the river functions as an urban boundary. Because of the lack of access, infrastructure and program, the river has been a physical barrier between its riverbanks. Around this urban boundary, both margins seem to have their own urban identities, asymmetric and with highly differentiated resources, where the northeastern has dominated the southwestern margin.

This dissertation recognizes the historical parameters that possibly split the riverbanks, and aims to foment a reunion between them, by using the river as a mediator of urban relations rather than as an obstacle to these. This dissertation’s hypothesis is that the urban quality and livability of Coimbra has to gain by considering the city’s two margins as one urban whole. To consider these two regions as the target of one enveloping urban strategy can enhance the positive effects of urban and architecture plans addressing the city’s improvement. Even though there are many plans for Coimbra, most have not addressed the separation between its two margins and those that addressed this issue, have conceptualized interventions in the city’s riverfronts as punctual extensions of the city’s northern margin urban needs. None attempted to reunite the two margins by considering them as one whole urban landscape. Furthermore, most plans have not addressed, in an overarching and structural manner, the city’s traffic system in relation to the river, contributing to the understanding of the river as a frontier and not as a “bridge”. Lastly, all the urban plans here considered were not thought as key mechanisms for the production of more sustainable urban patterns, namely by considering the importance of planning and designing alternative forms of transportation in a city dominated by automobile traffic.

This dissertation adverts to the importance of solving these urban problems and defies to integrate the river in the city’s urban conception, by addressing the need for an alternative and inter-connected system of mobility. It will do so by presenting an urban proposal that focuses on the pedestrian flux as a mean to better recognize and organize the city’s heritage and neglected regions. The Mondego River has the potential to become Coimbra’s spinal cord, transforming its urban boundary into the generator of the city’s urban network.

This paper uses A. Wimmer's multilevel process theory to assess the dynamics of Flemish and Walloon ethnic groups through the ages and explain how political events have changed the Roman multilingual frontier into a political salient linguistic border. Moreover the article highlights how identity is being used today and how other factors, like a Brussels regional identity complicate contemporary relations and keep the conflict alive.

Despite the manifold nuances often emerging from case studies, scholars have usually identified the eighteenth century as the start of a rising quest for intimacy and privacy connected to a more defined division between anterooms open to visitors and more withdrawn backrooms, owners’ and servants’ areas, male and female spaces, and so on. However, other studies investigating the interactions between domestic spaces and the people experiencing them have argued that the spatial arrangement of aristocratic dwellings long remained adaptable to multiple uses and allowed continuous negotiations of roles and spaces. This paper contributes to the discussion by focusing on the renovation of the Palazzo Papè di Valdina in Palermo, which was carried out between 1714 and 1742.
Reviewed in Francia-Recensio 2022/4 by Sebastian Kühn

An Ulster University conference on cultural identity in speculative fiction (fantasy, sci-fi & horror). Northern Ireland, 15-16 January 2022. Registration: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/conference-books-beyond-boundaries-ni-tickets-233751485987

About this event

“Culture is the context within which we need to situate the self, for it is only by virtue of the interpretations, orientations and values provided by culture that we can formulate our identities, say ‘who we are’, and ‘where we are coming from.’” (Benhabib, 2000:18)

From C.S. Lewis to James White, Northern Irish and Irish fiction is best known for its imagined histories, futures, and alternate realities. However, speculative fiction from ethnic minority writers have been notably absent from the literary canon. While the island of Ireland has continued to grow more culturally diverse in the 21st century, there has been little engagement with how the cultural identity of Northern Ireland and Ireland has been transformed through immigration.

Ulster University welcomes all interested individuals and groups to the Books Beyond Boundaries NI Conference. This two day conference will discuss how speculative art shapes our understanding of cultural identity, and how Northern Ireland and Ireland can benefit from diversifying and decolonizing our community.

Keynote speeches from Nandi Jola and Mamobo Ogoro will support diverse research from academics and activists alike, with presentations ranging from speculative linguistics, to folklore and fairy tales, to Afrofuturism in art. We invite you along to discover the contemporary cultural identity of the island of Ireland.

Books Beyond Boundaries NI is an Ulster University project, funded by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland and National Lottery Good Causes.

※發表於2014台灣人類學與民族學學會年會：當代人類（學）處境，2014年10月6日

三一八運動後浮出水面的「學運團體林立」現象，不少媒體解讀為「學運團體分裂」、「公民團體遭分化」或者「理念不合太陽花分裂」，但也有媒體認為這是「分進合擊」、「遍地開花」，團體林立的現象成為「泛社運圈」或者「非社運圈」所嚴肅討論、日常閒話的對象。身為一個運動參與者以及人類學徒，我認為「學運團體林立」現象並不是三一八運動後的「後三一八」情境所產生，而是根植於學運團體的路線、組織邏輯、以及群體邊界，組織之間的多元歧異性，是早於三一八運動的。
本文試圖從組織邏輯與邊界的角度，理解存在於三一八運動之中、之後群體林立的現象。本文認為，運動參與者的身分、角色、人際關係網絡，以及既有的（社運）組織運作模式，是相當重要的因素。