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Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.

History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.

The main site for Archive Team is at archiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.

This collection contains the output of many Archive Team projects, both ongoing and completed. Thanks to the generous providing of disk space by the Internet Archive, multi-terabyte datasets can be made available, as well as in use by the Wayback Machine, providing a path back to lost websites and work.

Our collection has grown to the point of having sub-collections for the type of data we acquire. If you are seeking to browse the contents of these collections, the Wayback Machine is the best first stop. Otherwise, you are free to dig into the stacks to see what you may find.

The Archive Team Panic Downloads are full pulldowns of currently extant websites, meant to serve as emergency backups for needed sites that are in danger of closing, or which will be missed dearly if suddenly lost due to hard drive crashes or server failures.

Collection: Archive Team: URLs

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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20240213161136/https://glasgow.academia.edu/AnthonyFallick

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Anthony Fallick

University of Glasgow, NO DEPT, Emeritus

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A retired researcher with a wide portfolio of pure and applied research.

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Papers

Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano’s miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity

Climatic Change, 2021

Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a ... more Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of climate impacts on past societies, is a challenging task, often leading to unsatisfactory and even contradictory conclusions. This has until recently been the case for Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire, during the transition between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In this paper, we present new high-resolution speleothem data from the Apuan Alps (Central Italy). The data document a period of very wet conditions in the sixth c. AD, probably related to synoptic atmospheric conditions similar to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. For this century, there also exist a significant number of historical records of extreme hydroclimatic events, previously discarded as anecdotal. We show that this varied evidence reflects the increased frequency of floods and extreme rainfall events in Central and Northern Italy at the time. Moreover, we also show t...

Persistent influence of obliquity on ice age terminations since the Middle Pleistocene transition

Science, Mar 13, 2020

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coastal lagoon by molecular and isotopic characterisation

Marine Chemistry, Dec 1, 2003

ABSTRACT The origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments of a coas... more ABSTRACT The origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments of a coastal lagoon of the Adriatic Sea (Pialassa, Baiona, Ravenna, Italy) has been investigated. Concentrations, molecular distributions and stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) of PAHs extracted from core sediments and soils have been determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and diode array detection (DAD), by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (GC–IRMS). The total concentrations of PAHs in core sediments are highly variable, ranging from 30 to 112,000 ng/g and exhibit depth profiles similar to those registered for mercury and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC was manufactured in the nearby industry from acetylene, in turn produced by partial combustion/pyrolysis of methane, the process considered responsible for PAH emission into the lagoon. In accordance, the molecular pattern of PAHs found in sediments is similar to that reported for the interior of fuel rich premixed flames of methane, being characterised by the dominance of pyrene, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, fluoranthene and by the presence of several five-membered ring PAHs, including high levels of 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene and minor amounts of dicyclopentapyrenes. The extremely low δ13C values of sedimentary PAHs (from −62‰ to −36‰) confirm that local biogenic methane is their major source. The distribution of the isotopic signatures suggests PAHs were introduced into the lagoon by direct discharge into the water body rather than by atmospheric fallout. The uncommon molecular and isotopic distribution of these PAHs is proposed as fingerprinting specific for pyrolysis of biogenic methane useful to source apportionment.

6.3 The Onega Basin

Frontiers in earth sciences, Aug 14, 2012

The main geological and stratigraphic features of the Onega Basin are discussed in Chap. 4.3. Giv... more

Fluid and metal sources in the Fäboliden hypozonal orogenic gold deposit, Sweden

Mineralium Deposita, Apr 4, 2020

Thành Phần Nguyên Tố Vết Và Đồng Vị Oxi Của Spinel Trong Đá Hoa Mỏ Lục Yên

KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO CAREES 2019 NGHIÊN CỨU CƠ BẢN TRONG LĨNH VỰC KHOA HỌC TRÁI ĐẤT VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG

Margarite-corundun schists (metamorphosed high-sulfidation alteration zones)

Abstract, 2008

Correction to: Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano’s miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity

Climatic Change, 2021

The original article has been corrected. During proof correction of the article, mistakes in the ... more

Stable isotopes and fluid inclusion constraints on the fluid evolution in the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

Ore Geology Reviews, 2020

Abstract The evolution of the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, located in the... more Abstract The evolution of the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, located in the Carajas Mineral Province, Brazil, is discussed based on petrography, scanning electron microscopy, stable isotopes, and fluid inclusion analyses. The Castanha deposit is mainly hosted by ca. 2.75 Ga subvolcanic and volcanic rhyodacitic rocks, and gabbros. Early sodic (albite, scapolite) alteration was followed by high-temperature calcic-iron (actinolite-magnetite), potassic (biotite), and minor chlorite and sericite alteration. Calcite, REE carbonate, and epidote represent a late and proximal alteration to ore bodies. Ore breccias with Durchbewegung structure comprise chalcopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite ± cobaltpentlandite ± sphalerite ± marcasite and are notable due to their nickel-(zinc) enrichment. The Bacaba Deposit is hosted by the ca. 3.00 Ga Bacaba Tonalite, 2.85 Ga Serra Dourada Granite, and gabbro bodies. Early (ca. 2.70 Ga) alteration at Bacaba includes sodic (albite, scapolite), iron (magnetite), and potassic-iron (K feldspar-magnetite, biotite) associations. Well-developed late chlorite, albite, sericite, calcite-hematite-(musketovite) alteration formed during a Paleoproterozoic overprinting (ca. 2.06 Ga). The Bacaba ore is composed of (I) chalcopyrite ± magnetite ± bornite, and (II) chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± hematite/musketovite, related to early potassic-iron and late alteration, respectively. The Castanha deposit was formed from magmatic fluid (δ18OH2O = 9.5 ± 0.5‰ to 5.2 ± 1.0‰, at 500 to 400 °C) and sulfur (δ34S = 0.1–3‰) sources, with a limited contribution of externally-derived fluids during its evolution. Ore precipitation progressed under considerably low fS2 and fO2 conditions, at relatively high temperatures (>370 ± 50 °C). Fluid inclusion analyses indicate greater proximity of the Castanha deposit to the source of a hot overpressured magmatic fluid, suggesting its formation in a high-temperature hydrothermal center. Fluid-rock interaction coupled with increasing pH might have been the critical factors in destabilizing the metal-chloride complex in the Castanha deposit. The Bacaba deposit evolved from a fluid-mixing between hot (>450 °C) hypersaline CaCl2-NaCl-bearing magmatic brine (>30 mass % equivalent) and a less saline, colder, and 18O-depleted and D-enriched fluid (e.g., seawater or low-latitude meteoric water). Mixing resulted in an oxidizing environment, dilution (salinities between 35 and 4 mass % equivalent), and temperature drop (160–190 °C), triggering the ore precipitation. At Bacaba, the slightly higher δ34S values (1.3–5.4‰) may reflect an additional contribution of externally-derived sulfur through the thermochemical reduction of oxidized sulfur species. In the Southern Copper Belt, the regional spatial distribution of the sulfur isotope compositions shows the highest δ34Ssulfide values close to the Paleoproterozoic Sossego Orebody and the Alvo 118 deposit. This might suggest significant involvement of externally-derived components (e.g., diluted fluids and sulfur) during late stages of a protracted hydrothermal evolution in the Carajas IOCG deposits.

Trace elements and oxygen isotopes of gem spinels in marble from the Luc Yen - An Phu areas, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam

VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES, 2018

Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen... more Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 pp...

A common mid-Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphic depositional age of marbles and associated iron formations (Fe ± Mn ± P) in the Scandinavian Caledonides

Norwegian Journal of Geology, 2018

Tectonic boundaries, crustal weakness zones and plume-subcontinental lithospheric mantle interactions in the Serra do Mar dyke swarm, SE Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 2007

Mineralogy, alteration patterns, geochemistry, and fluid properties of the Ag-Au epithermal deposit Nová Baňa, Slovakia

Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017

Lateglacial and early Holocene climates of the Atlantic margins of Europe: Stable isotope, mollusc and pollen records from Orkney, Scotland

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

Multiple Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial episodes and excursions

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015

Ocean acidification in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation

Geology, 2014

Fluid evolution of the Cu-Au Skarn-Porphyry deposit Vysoka-Zlatno, Slovakia

Depositional environment and apparent age of the Fauske carbonate conglomerate, North Norwegian Caledonides

Holocene snail shell isotopic record of millennial-scale hydrological conditions in western Mediterranean: Data from Bauma del Serrat del Pont (NE Iberian Peninsula)

ABSTRACT Land snail shells are a common component in Mediterranean Holocene archaeological deposi... more ABSTRACT Land snail shells are a common component in Mediterranean Holocene archaeological deposits, providing the opportunity to explore their potential as source of information concerning human behaviour and palaeoclimatic conditions. Many well-preserved shells of the caenogastropod Pomatias elegans were recovered along the Holocene succession of Bauma del Serrat del Pont (BSP), in the Iberian Peninsula. Their oxygen (delta Os-18) and carbon (delta Cs-13) isotopic compositions were analysed and compared with that of modern shells of the same species collected in two distinct areas near the archaeological site. Modern shells from Site A (shady) and B (sunny) show distinctly different oxygen isotopic ratios possibly due to the effect of micro-environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and relative humidity). Carbon isotopes, by contrast, reveal similar values. Isotope mass balance suggests a prevalent contribution of vegetation (similar to 70%), integrated with foreign carbonates (similar to 30%) to delta Cs-13 of modern snails. Early-late Holocene shells (similar to 9-2.5 cal ka BP) have lower delta Os-18 compared with modern counterparts, which is consistent with prevailing wetter conditions compared with present day. The delta Cs-13 reveals distinct hydrological regimes, wet and dry conditions, from early to late Holocene respectively. In general, shell isotopic records from western and central Mediterranean regions suggest wetter conditions during the middle Holocene, with a possible reduction in humidity from similar to 4 cal ka BP. The delta Os-18 indicates a possible latitudinal difference in hydrological balance between Mediterranean and Atlantic Europe as inferred by previous studies of regional palaeoclimatic records. Carbon isotopes, by contrast, do not provide a clear climatic picture, probably due to the effect of distinct vegetation structure and composition. Comparisons with other environmental archives reinforce the concept of regional shell oxygen isotopic response to millennial-scale changes in hydrological condition over the western and central Mediterranean during the late Quaternary.

Petrological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the lithospheric mantle beneath Sardinia (Italy) as indicated by ultramafic xenoliths enclosed in alkaline lavas

International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011

Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano’s miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity

Climatic Change, 2021

Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a ... more Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of climate impacts on past societies, is a challenging task, often leading to unsatisfactory and even contradictory conclusions. This has until recently been the case for Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire, during the transition between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In this paper, we present new high-resolution speleothem data from the Apuan Alps (Central Italy). The data document a period of very wet conditions in the sixth c. AD, probably related to synoptic atmospheric conditions similar to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. For this century, there also exist a significant number of historical records of extreme hydroclimatic events, previously discarded as anecdotal. We show that this varied evidence reflects the increased frequency of floods and extreme rainfall events in Central and Northern Italy at the time. Moreover, we also show t...

Persistent influence of obliquity on ice age terminations since the Middle Pleistocene transition

Science, Mar 13, 2020

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coastal lagoon by molecular and isotopic characterisation

Marine Chemistry, Dec 1, 2003

ABSTRACT The origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments of a coas... more ABSTRACT The origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments of a coastal lagoon of the Adriatic Sea (Pialassa, Baiona, Ravenna, Italy) has been investigated. Concentrations, molecular distributions and stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) of PAHs extracted from core sediments and soils have been determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and diode array detection (DAD), by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (GC–IRMS). The total concentrations of PAHs in core sediments are highly variable, ranging from 30 to 112,000 ng/g and exhibit depth profiles similar to those registered for mercury and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC was manufactured in the nearby industry from acetylene, in turn produced by partial combustion/pyrolysis of methane, the process considered responsible for PAH emission into the lagoon. In accordance, the molecular pattern of PAHs found in sediments is similar to that reported for the interior of fuel rich premixed flames of methane, being characterised by the dominance of pyrene, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, fluoranthene and by the presence of several five-membered ring PAHs, including high levels of 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene and minor amounts of dicyclopentapyrenes. The extremely low δ13C values of sedimentary PAHs (from −62‰ to −36‰) confirm that local biogenic methane is their major source. The distribution of the isotopic signatures suggests PAHs were introduced into the lagoon by direct discharge into the water body rather than by atmospheric fallout. The uncommon molecular and isotopic distribution of these PAHs is proposed as fingerprinting specific for pyrolysis of biogenic methane useful to source apportionment.

6.3 The Onega Basin

Frontiers in earth sciences, Aug 14, 2012

The main geological and stratigraphic features of the Onega Basin are discussed in Chap. 4.3. Giv... more

Fluid and metal sources in the Fäboliden hypozonal orogenic gold deposit, Sweden

Mineralium Deposita, Apr 4, 2020

Thành Phần Nguyên Tố Vết Và Đồng Vị Oxi Của Spinel Trong Đá Hoa Mỏ Lục Yên

KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO CAREES 2019 NGHIÊN CỨU CƠ BẢN TRONG LĨNH VỰC KHOA HỌC TRÁI ĐẤT VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG

Margarite-corundun schists (metamorphosed high-sulfidation alteration zones)

Abstract, 2008

Correction to: Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano’s miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity

Climatic Change, 2021

The original article has been corrected. During proof correction of the article, mistakes in the ... more

Stable isotopes and fluid inclusion constraints on the fluid evolution in the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

Ore Geology Reviews, 2020

Abstract The evolution of the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, located in the... more Abstract The evolution of the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, located in the Carajas Mineral Province, Brazil, is discussed based on petrography, scanning electron microscopy, stable isotopes, and fluid inclusion analyses. The Castanha deposit is mainly hosted by ca. 2.75 Ga subvolcanic and volcanic rhyodacitic rocks, and gabbros. Early sodic (albite, scapolite) alteration was followed by high-temperature calcic-iron (actinolite-magnetite), potassic (biotite), and minor chlorite and sericite alteration. Calcite, REE carbonate, and epidote represent a late and proximal alteration to ore bodies. Ore breccias with Durchbewegung structure comprise chalcopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite ± cobaltpentlandite ± sphalerite ± marcasite and are notable due to their nickel-(zinc) enrichment. The Bacaba Deposit is hosted by the ca. 3.00 Ga Bacaba Tonalite, 2.85 Ga Serra Dourada Granite, and gabbro bodies. Early (ca. 2.70 Ga) alteration at Bacaba includes sodic (albite, scapolite), iron (magnetite), and potassic-iron (K feldspar-magnetite, biotite) associations. Well-developed late chlorite, albite, sericite, calcite-hematite-(musketovite) alteration formed during a Paleoproterozoic overprinting (ca. 2.06 Ga). The Bacaba ore is composed of (I) chalcopyrite ± magnetite ± bornite, and (II) chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± hematite/musketovite, related to early potassic-iron and late alteration, respectively. The Castanha deposit was formed from magmatic fluid (δ18OH2O = 9.5 ± 0.5‰ to 5.2 ± 1.0‰, at 500 to 400 °C) and sulfur (δ34S = 0.1–3‰) sources, with a limited contribution of externally-derived fluids during its evolution. Ore precipitation progressed under considerably low fS2 and fO2 conditions, at relatively high temperatures (>370 ± 50 °C). Fluid inclusion analyses indicate greater proximity of the Castanha deposit to the source of a hot overpressured magmatic fluid, suggesting its formation in a high-temperature hydrothermal center. Fluid-rock interaction coupled with increasing pH might have been the critical factors in destabilizing the metal-chloride complex in the Castanha deposit. The Bacaba deposit evolved from a fluid-mixing between hot (>450 °C) hypersaline CaCl2-NaCl-bearing magmatic brine (>30 mass % equivalent) and a less saline, colder, and 18O-depleted and D-enriched fluid (e.g., seawater or low-latitude meteoric water). Mixing resulted in an oxidizing environment, dilution (salinities between 35 and 4 mass % equivalent), and temperature drop (160–190 °C), triggering the ore precipitation. At Bacaba, the slightly higher δ34S values (1.3–5.4‰) may reflect an additional contribution of externally-derived sulfur through the thermochemical reduction of oxidized sulfur species. In the Southern Copper Belt, the regional spatial distribution of the sulfur isotope compositions shows the highest δ34Ssulfide values close to the Paleoproterozoic Sossego Orebody and the Alvo 118 deposit. This might suggest significant involvement of externally-derived components (e.g., diluted fluids and sulfur) during late stages of a protracted hydrothermal evolution in the Carajas IOCG deposits.

Trace elements and oxygen isotopes of gem spinels in marble from the Luc Yen - An Phu areas, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam

VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES, 2018

Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen... more Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 pp...

A common mid-Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphic depositional age of marbles and associated iron formations (Fe ± Mn ± P) in the Scandinavian Caledonides

Norwegian Journal of Geology, 2018

Tectonic boundaries, crustal weakness zones and plume-subcontinental lithospheric mantle interactions in the Serra do Mar dyke swarm, SE Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 2007

Mineralogy, alteration patterns, geochemistry, and fluid properties of the Ag-Au epithermal deposit Nová Baňa, Slovakia

Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017

Lateglacial and early Holocene climates of the Atlantic margins of Europe: Stable isotope, mollusc and pollen records from Orkney, Scotland

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

Multiple Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial episodes and excursions

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015

Ocean acidification in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation

Geology, 2014

Fluid evolution of the Cu-Au Skarn-Porphyry deposit Vysoka-Zlatno, Slovakia

Depositional environment and apparent age of the Fauske carbonate conglomerate, North Norwegian Caledonides

Holocene snail shell isotopic record of millennial-scale hydrological conditions in western Mediterranean: Data from Bauma del Serrat del Pont (NE Iberian Peninsula)

ABSTRACT Land snail shells are a common component in Mediterranean Holocene archaeological deposi... more ABSTRACT Land snail shells are a common component in Mediterranean Holocene archaeological deposits, providing the opportunity to explore their potential as source of information concerning human behaviour and palaeoclimatic conditions. Many well-preserved shells of the caenogastropod Pomatias elegans were recovered along the Holocene succession of Bauma del Serrat del Pont (BSP), in the Iberian Peninsula. Their oxygen (delta Os-18) and carbon (delta Cs-13) isotopic compositions were analysed and compared with that of modern shells of the same species collected in two distinct areas near the archaeological site. Modern shells from Site A (shady) and B (sunny) show distinctly different oxygen isotopic ratios possibly due to the effect of micro-environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and relative humidity). Carbon isotopes, by contrast, reveal similar values. Isotope mass balance suggests a prevalent contribution of vegetation (similar to 70%), integrated with foreign carbonates (similar to 30%) to delta Cs-13 of modern snails. Early-late Holocene shells (similar to 9-2.5 cal ka BP) have lower delta Os-18 compared with modern counterparts, which is consistent with prevailing wetter conditions compared with present day. The delta Cs-13 reveals distinct hydrological regimes, wet and dry conditions, from early to late Holocene respectively. In general, shell isotopic records from western and central Mediterranean regions suggest wetter conditions during the middle Holocene, with a possible reduction in humidity from similar to 4 cal ka BP. The delta Os-18 indicates a possible latitudinal difference in hydrological balance between Mediterranean and Atlantic Europe as inferred by previous studies of regional palaeoclimatic records. Carbon isotopes, by contrast, do not provide a clear climatic picture, probably due to the effect of distinct vegetation structure and composition. Comparisons with other environmental archives reinforce the concept of regional shell oxygen isotopic response to millennial-scale changes in hydrological condition over the western and central Mediterranean during the late Quaternary.

Petrological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the lithospheric mantle beneath Sardinia (Italy) as indicated by ultramafic xenoliths enclosed in alkaline lavas

International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011