Mental Health

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may predispose front-line intensive care staff to experience mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compare the COVID-19 fear experienced by COVID-19 intensive care unit staff and general intensive care unit staff, and the effects of this fear on mental health. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 156 participants, 90 (57.7%) participants from the COVID-19 intensive care unit and 66 (42.3%) from the general intensive care unit, were included. A printed questionnaire consisting of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and demographic data were used. Results: Female gender, being a nurse, and working in COVID-19 intensive care unit, were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores. A significant relationship was found between fear of COVID-19 and depression (ρ=0.399, p=0.044), anxiety (ρ=0.456, p=0.019), and stress (ρ=0.418, p=0.03...

The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are distress triggers and risk factors for mental health. Conversely, self-compassion skills and compassionate thoughts/behaviors towards suffering may contribute to their alleviation. Both psychological constructs are interrelated in life-threatening diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Teruel Study retrospectively evaluated the impact of strict confinement on the 44 people with MS of this Spanish province and 24 caregivers, specifically assessing (1) fears and perceptions; (2) self-compassion (people with MS) and compassion (caregivers); (3) physical and mental health, and fatigue. Despite better housing conditions, people with MS considered confinement very difficult to handle, more than their caregivers, but they were less afraid of COVID-19 and worsening of MS. Still, they recognized worse health than before confinement. Reclusion and lack of walks were the worst of confinement. Caregivers also referred to lack of leisure ...

Background: The study was conceived with support from the Department of Health Research (DHR), India to use the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), to screen women in the reproductive age group, stratified for pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant and non-lactate women (NPNL), for their mental health status and examine it with their social background to understand the influences around their mental health.   Methods: By multistage sampling, subcenters were selected from 6 districts; women in the 3 groups were selected proportionately in each district, and data was collected on the basis of a pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire along with the GHQ-12.   Results: Results showed GHQ-12 scores across the 3 categories of women are nearly the same with no significant difference (p=0.91). The higher GHQ (scores >11 to 36) were also noted to be equal for pregnant and lactating women i.e. 41.4% and mildly less for NPNL women 40.7%, reaffirming that pregnancy and the postnatal perio...

This study aimed to answer the following research question: What is the level of illness perceptions and quality of life among TB patients in Gezira state?. A descriptive study design was used. Newly diagnosed smear positive TB patients registered in Gezira state in 2010 (n=425) formed the study population. The illness perceptions were measured by using Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ). Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was assessed by means of the 12-item short form Health Survey questionnaire (FS-12). TB patients saw TB as having minor consequences, TB not being very well controlled by treatment, and TB as lasting long as a disease; they also associated several symptoms with TB. Furthermore, the patients had relatively poor physical and mental quality of life. Identity, consequences, personal control and emotional representations were associated with poor physical quality of life while concern about illness was associated with poor mental quality of life. The il...

Background Evidence on the association between mental health disorders and cancer risk is inconclusive, despite well-established associations between mental health disorders and lifestyle factors such as smoking. This study examines the relationships between depression, anxiety and cancer risk, and the potential mediating effects of lifestyle factors. Methods A study of 34,571 participants aged 40–69 years in the CARTaGENE cohort was conducted. Depression was defined by questionnaire (PHQ-9), antidepressant use, and a composite of questionnaire, antidepressant use, or lifetime self-reported physician diagnosis. Anxiety was defined by questionnaire (GAD-7). Co-morbid depression and anxiety was also assessed. Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between mental health and risk of prostate, lung, and all cancers combined. Mediating effects of lifestyle factors were assessed using Baron and Kenny mediation criteria. Results There were positive associations between ...

The deployment of the electronic medical record (EMR) is widely seen by healthcare policy makers and service managers as a key step in the achievement of more efficient and integrated healthcare services. However, our studies of medical work practices reveal important discrepancies between the presumptions of EMR and the ways in which healthcare professionals actually use and communicate information. These lead us to conclude it may be some time before technologies like the EMR can deliver promised benefits, and will do so only if they are allowed to evolve via user-led design and development processes.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with both physical and mental health risks. During this pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Objectives: To evaluate the depression score of an individual based on PHQ-9 scoring scale and to further classify the severity of depression among medical students. Method: It was a cross-sectional observational study, where primary quantitative data was collected using the PHQ-9 scale to assess the level of depression among the medical students of Gujarat through Google forms. Results: Most of the participants were from 1st year MBBS (>50%) and 2nd year MBBS (37%) and rest were from 3rd year. Around 29.4% students suffered from minimal depression, 34% has mild depression, 19% had moderate depression, 12% had moderately severe depression and 5.6% students suffered fro...

Background and aimsThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing high-levels of physician stress and burnout1. In order to help treat frontline colleagues who were diagnosed with acute stress disorder, we chose a non-psychedelic, ketamine micro-dose treatment strategy for symptom management.MethodsWe provided care virtually, and all patients were prescribed sublingual ketamine once daily. Each patient was evaluated using the NIH-PROMIS CAT assessments for stress, depression, anxiety, and PTSD via a remote, HIPAA compliant patient self-reporting platform. Progress was tracked and assessed against a baseline value obtained prior to the start of treatment. Patient progress was evaluated at a 4–6-week interval. Patients did not report any significant side effects to the treatment regimen.Results100% (25/25) of patients experienced improved anxiety, 92% (23/25) experienced improved stress, 96% (24/25) experienced improved PTSD, and 91% (20/22) experienced improved depression.Conclusions...

A pesar de la importancia nuclear de las emociones en el contexto académico no existen medidas de Inteligencia Emocional (IE) grupal aplicadas al aula. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en desarrollar un cuestionario para la medida de la IE grupal (G-TMMS) en contextos académicos. Las propiedades psicométricas del G-TMMS fueron examinadas en una muestra de 794 participantes dividida en 59 aulas (47% mujeres; Mediaedad = 16; DT = 1.4). El G-TMMS mostró una estructura unifactorial, una consistencia interna adecuada, estabilidad temporal y validez convergente. Además, la IE grupal del aula se mostró asociada con un mayor desempeño escolar grupal. El trabajo discute las implicaciones de esta nueva escala en el contexto educativo.

Family members often play important roles in the lives of depressed older men and frequently attend primary care visits with their loved ones, yet surprisingly little is known about how to most effectively engage and include family members in depression treatment. However, including family in depression treatment may be difficult due to several factors, such as depression stigma and family conflicts. The objective of this study was to describe challenges in engaging family members in older men's depression treatment and potential strategies to overcome those challenges. A cross-sectional, qualitative descriptive interview study was conducted in a safety-net, Federally Qualified Health Center in California's Central Valley. A total of 37 stakeholders were recruited, including 15 depressed older (i.e. age ≥ 60) men, 12 family members, and 10 clinic staff. Depressed men were identified through mail outreach, waiting room screening, and referral. Depressed men identified family ...

Rates of suicide are far higher for older men than for any other age or gender group. However, we know relatively little about how depressed older men think about suicide. This study addresses this gap by exploring how Latino and white non-Hispanic elderly men discuss why they would or would not contemplate suicide. Men, aged 60 and older, were screened and assessed using standard instruments for clinical depression. Those meeting criteria were invited to participate in a 1.5 to 2.5-hour in-depth interview, in either English or Spanish. Interview data come from 77 men and included men with treated and untreated depression. Men linked depression to losing their economic role, sense of productivity, and familial respect. Their narratives of suicide highlighted central tenets of hegemonic masculinity. Men from both ethnic groups asserted that “being a man” involved strength and independent choice. For some men, suicide exemplifies these ideals; for most men suicide violates them. The m...

The employment of mental health peer support (PS) is recommended in national and international mental health policy, and widely implemented across many countries. The key components of PS remain to be identified. This study aimed to develop a typology of components involved in one-to-one PS for adults in mental health services. A systematised review was performed to establish a preliminary long list of candidate components, followed by expert consultation (n = 21) to refine the list. Forty-two publications were full-text reviewed, comprising 26 trial reports, nine training manuals, and seven change model papers. Two hundred forty-two candidate components were identified, which were thematically synthesised to 16 components and eight sub-components, categorised into four themes: recruitment, preparation, practice, and PS worker wellbeing. Our typology can inform reflection and planning of PS practice, and allow more rigorous and synthesised studies, such as component network meta-ana...

Perawat menjadi salah satu profesi yang memiliki peran penting dalam hal manajemen patient safety di suatu rumah sakit, mengingat perawat merupakan profesi dengan persentase terbanyak di rumah sakit. Selain itu perawat menjadi profesi yang paling dekat dengan pasien dengan layanan 24 jam...

Background The purpose of this study was to explore whether a sense of collective or shared group identity was developed in one established online social support group for family caregivers and, if so, what did group identification mean for the group members and how was this cultivated in the group. Methods Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of a family caregiver online support group in Ireland. Inductive and deductive reflexive thematic analysis drawing on the social identity approach (SIA) generated four main themes and several related subthemes. Results The first main theme generated was The group are a Tribe and the Tribe gets it, with subthemes: Invisibility as a common experience, my Tribe understands I am more than just a carer and Just being part of the Tribe can be enough. The second main theme generated was the Tribe is a lifeline and life-changing, with related subthemes: Our connection relieves experiences of loneliness and social isolation...

Early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders among children can reduce the risk of adverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. We aimed to design a computer-aided screening tool to examine the association between modifiable risk factors and psychiatric disorders in a developing country. Ten thousand three hundred fifty students, aged 6–18 years from all Iran provinces, participated in this study. We used feature discretization and encoding, stability selection, and regularized group method of data handling (GMDH) to classify the comprehensive risk factors to depression (the prevalence of 20.1%), worriedness (23.7%), and emotional problems (11.1%). Self-rated health was the most important feature. The selected modifiable factors were eating breakfast, screentime, salty snack for depression, physical activity, salty snack for worriedness, (abdominal) obesity, sweetened beverage, and sleep-hour for emotional problems classification. The area under the ROC Curve (AUC) of the GMDH was 0.88 [...

Bagian pendahuluan ini merangkum kontribusi dalam MediaPsi edisi ini. Mediapsi edisi ini menyajikan artikel berdasarkan dinamika psikologis yang terjadi sepanjang rentang hidup manusia. Tiga artikel pertama menyajikan hasil penelitian pada remaja dengan berbagai fenomena yang dihadapi seperti hubungan pertemanan maupun berpacaran, serta strategi koping remaja dalam menghadapi kecemasan, artikel ke empat menampilkan periode dewasa awal di dalam konteks organisasi dan pekerja,  serta artikel ke-lima menyajikan hasil penelitian pada rentang usia dewasa akhir dan lansia yang berada dalam situasi rehabilitasi sebagai pengemis dan gelandangan.  

BackgroundMinority ethnic groups are at increased risk of COVID-19 related mortality or morbidity yet continue to have a disproportionally lower uptake of the vaccine. The importance of adherence to prevention and control measures to keep vulnerable populations and their families safe therefore remains crucial. This research sought to examine the knowledge, perceived risk, and attitudes toward COVID-19 among an ethnically diverse community.MethodsA cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was implemented to survey ethnic minority participants purposefully recruited from Luton, an ethnically diverse town in the southeast of England. The questionnaire was structured to assess participants knowledge, perceived risk, attitudes toward protective measures as well as the sources of information about COVID-19. The questionnaire was administered online via Qualtrics with the link shared through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Questionnaires were also pr...

Background The assessment of resilience as an outcome in adolescents remains a challenge, with few instruments available. Some studies have focused on risk factors, but few have focused on protective factors as a formula for measuring resilient outcomes. Aims To adapt a new Suicide Attempt Resilience Scale (SRSA-18) for use with adolescents, analysing its structural validity, the gender and age invariance of the measure, and divergent and convergent validity, together with its reliability. Method The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in 628 participants aged between 13 and 18 years, of whom 342 (54.5%) were girls. Results After a process of adaptation for adolescents, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a three-dimensional structure with adequate goodness-of-fit indices, invariance of the measure according to gender and age, adequate levels of reliability (ω = 0.91), high convergent validity with the 14-Item Resilience Scale and high divergent valid...

As chronic and relapsing mental disturbance, schizophrenia has social malfunction impact on the people with it. That condition effects on family welfare. This research is meant to know the cause of schizophrenia, and to know family support to overcome people with schizophrenia. Methodologically, this research uses qualitative approach by mean of case study. Informants are people with schizophrenia, their family, their neighbors, and therapists PSBK. The research finds that multi dimension factors that process and interact each other as the main factors people suffer from schizophrenia. Family psychological-social support that is not maximum because lack of accurate understanding and information on phenomenon, ill process, psychological-medic assistance, and rehabilitation directory to people with schizophrenia. Each member of the family need take role as caregiver who is able to understand the problem and fulfill life needs of people with schizophrenia, is the recommendation posed i...

In the present situation of the formation of intellectual capital (IC) of humanities and art sciences at scientific institutions (SIs) in Latvia, the theme of the research is highly topical. The object of the research is the formation of IC of humanities and art sciences at SIs while the subject of the research is the comparative analysis of the efficiency of the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of humanities and art sciences at SIs of Latvia. The objective of the research is to study the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of humanities and art sciences at SIs in Latvia in the period from 2013 to 2018. The followingtasks were determined to reach the objective: to study the formation of IC of humanities and art sciences at SIs; to identify the concept of the efficiency of the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of humanities and art sciences; to calculate main indicators thereof, and, to car...

Background Intimate partner sexual violence and non-partner rape experiences are widely reported by female students in South African higher education institutions, as they are globally. However, limited research has focused on investigating vulnerability factors, which is vital for informing interventions. Objective To describe the factors and inter-relationships associated with female students’ increased vulnerability to past year experience of partner sexual violence and non-partner rape in South African higher education settings. Methods We interviewed 1293 female students, i.e., 519 students in six Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college campuses and 774 students at three university campuses. Participants were volunteers aged 18–30. The measured vulnerability factors included childhood sexual abuse, other trauma, mental ill-health, risky sexual behaviours, food insecurity, partner violence, and controlling behaviours. We used bivariate analysis, logistic regre...

The mitigation efforts of COVID-19 have led to significant changes to the delivery of routine healthcare globally. In Australia, the way maternal health services have been delivered since the beginning of the pandemic has also changed. Maternity care and support are known to influence maternal mental health. One hundred and eighty-eight English speaking pregnant women residing in Australia were recruited using social media advertising between September and November 2020 as part of a larger study. Participants were aged between 19 and 42 (M = 31.05, SD = 4.68). Compared with previous Australian prevalence rates of around 7% for antenatal depression, rates in this study were 15.9% overall and 19% for those in Melbourne. It is suggested that increased vigilance with screening and assessment will be required to identify and support this cohort of mothers who are not coping.

Objective:Suicide bereavement research can help facilitate greater understanding of the impact of suicide and potential risks for others. As there is limited research on the experience of young people who lose a friend to suicide, the aim of this exploratory study was to consider specific psychological factors for such bereaved young people.Methods:Ten young people who had experienced the suicide death of a friend completed self-report measures to assess levels of depression, anxiety, coping and prolonged grief.Results:Participants reported increased levels of stress, depression, reduced coping capacity and prolonged grief symptoms that have continued considerably beyond the death of their friend.Conclusions:Psychological distress for young people bereaved by a friend’s suicide is of concern given the developmental changes and life transitions associated with this age group. Implications include the significant health and wellbeing challenges associated with suicide bereavement for ...

Globally, the impact of COVID-19 on mental health has been significant. Pregnant women are known to be a vulnerable population in relation to mental health. In Australia, there was an unprecedented demand during the pandemic for mental health services, including services for pregnant women. Maternal mental health has unique and enduring features that can significantly shape a child’s overall development and poor maternal mental health can have considerable social and economic costs. This cross-sectional study evaluated antenatal depression and COVID-19 related distress in a sample of two hundred and sixty-nine pregnant women residing in Australia aged between 20 and 43 (M = 31.79, SD = 4.58), as part of a larger study. Social media advertising was used to recruit participants between September 2020 and November 2021. Prevalence rates for antenatal depression were found to be higher in this study (16.4%) compared with previous Australian prevalence rates (7%). COVID-19 distress in re...

Depression among prisoners is also found in many female former drug users. Treatment to prevent the negative effects of depression should be immediately provided for the former drug users. Self-help groups as an alternative strategy to improve the support system to create an adaptive coping that can reduce depression level. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of self-help groups on depression level in former drug users. The research design used was pre-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. Sampling technique using purposive sampling, where only the former drug users who used as sample 19 respondents. Depression level were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II. The result of paired t-test showed that the mean of depression rate has decreased statistically significant, where p value is less than alpha (0,022<0,05). It can be concluded that there is effect of self-help groups on depression level in former drug users