Am Jour of Phytomed & Clinical Therapeut
American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics (AJPCT) is a peer reviewed international monthly journal dedicated to the latest advancement of Phytomedicine & Clinical Therpeutics. The goal of this journal is to keep a record of the state-of-the-art research and to promote study, research and improvement within its various specialties.
All manuscripts submitted to AJPCT must be previously unpublished and may not be considered for publication elsewhere at any time during AJPCT's review period.
Address: American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics- (www.ajpct.org)
All manuscripts submitted to AJPCT must be previously unpublished and may not be considered for publication elsewhere at any time during AJPCT's review period.
Address: American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics- (www.ajpct.org)
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Papers
Objective: To evaluate the anti tumor activity of Coscinium fenestratum extract under in vitro an... more Objective: To evaluate the anti tumor activity of Coscinium fenestratum extract under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of C. fenestratum extract was tested on HeLa cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was measured via mitochondtial membrane potential assay, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of the extract was tested against developed solid tumor in mammalian system.
Results: The extract showed significant anti-proliferative activity and is dose dependent. The extract treatment clearly showed an increasing number of apoptotic events both in HeLa cells and DLA cells and collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential and these effects were higher than that of the positive control taxol. The cellular DNA was cleaved in to multiple fragments. Membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation was also observed after the extract treatment. C. fenestratum also triggered the release of mitochondrial cytochrome -c and activation of caspases 3 and 9 in HeLa cells, indicative of its apoptotic potential and was found to be highly effective in tumor regression.
Conclusions: These finding suggested that the potential antitumor activity of C. fenestratum extract.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of C. fenestratum extract was tested on HeLa cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was measured via mitochondtial membrane potential assay, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of the extract was tested against developed solid tumor in mammalian system.
Results: The extract showed significant anti-proliferative activity and is dose dependent. The extract treatment clearly showed an increasing number of apoptotic events both in HeLa cells and DLA cells and collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential and these effects were higher than that of the positive control taxol. The cellular DNA was cleaved in to multiple fragments. Membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation was also observed after the extract treatment. C. fenestratum also triggered the release of mitochondrial cytochrome -c and activation of caspases 3 and 9 in HeLa cells, indicative of its apoptotic potential and was found to be highly effective in tumor regression.
Conclusions: These finding suggested that the potential antitumor activity of C. fenestratum extract.
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Abstract
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparida... more Abstract
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparidaceae. P. denticulata is commonly known as drumstick primula and grow in shady places and open slopes.Similarly, C. zeylanica is commonly known as Indian caper, a climbing shrub. The literature survey revealed that there is no experimental evidence of antidiabetic and wound healing effect of the plants. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and wound healing properties in plants extract. In the hypoglycaemic activity, the animals were examined up to 21 days, in which Streptozotocin (STZ) was used as diabetes inducer and Glipizide as a standard. For wound healing activity, excision-wound model was used and 1% Silver Sulphadiazine ointment was used as standard. The dose 200 mg/kg body weight was selected from both ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extract for hypoglycaemic activity. For hypoglycaemic activity, the result of aqueous extract of C. zeylanica (200.3±3.24**) and EtOH extract of P. denticulata (203.8±2.30**) have shown a good reduction in blood glucose level and compared with normal control. 5% ointment formulation of EtOH extract of C. zeylanica and P. denticulata have been shown 98.36% and 93.08% wound healing contraction at day18 respectively when compared with normal control. Finally the results concluded that, both the plant extract have probable source of hypoglycaemic and wound healing property from natural origin.
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparidaceae. P. denticulata is commonly known as drumstick primula and grow in shady places and open slopes.Similarly, C. zeylanica is commonly known as Indian caper, a climbing shrub. The literature survey revealed that there is no experimental evidence of antidiabetic and wound healing effect of the plants. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and wound healing properties in plants extract. In the hypoglycaemic activity, the animals were examined up to 21 days, in which Streptozotocin (STZ) was used as diabetes inducer and Glipizide as a standard. For wound healing activity, excision-wound model was used and 1% Silver Sulphadiazine ointment was used as standard. The dose 200 mg/kg body weight was selected from both ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extract for hypoglycaemic activity. For hypoglycaemic activity, the result of aqueous extract of C. zeylanica (200.3±3.24**) and EtOH extract of P. denticulata (203.8±2.30**) have shown a good reduction in blood glucose level and compared with normal control. 5% ointment formulation of EtOH extract of C. zeylanica and P. denticulata have been shown 98.36% and 93.08% wound healing contraction at day18 respectively when compared with normal control. Finally the results concluded that, both the plant extract have probable source of hypoglycaemic and wound healing property from natural origin.
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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by chronic bacterial infection of the gum and bon... more Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by chronic bacterial infection of the gum and bone supporting the teeth. Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory agents are used to treat periodontal diseases. Due to their short half life, these medications have to be taken frequently to maintain the desired therapeutic effect. Extensive efforts have recently been focused on targeting the drugs to a particular region of the body for extended period of time, thus maximizing drug availability and minimizing dose dependent side effects.
This article reviews preparation of microspheres, gels and bioadhesive gel incorporated with drug loaded microspheres and parameters to evaluate their efficiency.
This article reviews preparation of microspheres, gels and bioadhesive gel incorporated with drug loaded microspheres and parameters to evaluate their efficiency.
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Background: Since the identification of Ebola Virus (EBOV) in 1976, significant filovirus researc... more Background: Since the identification of Ebola Virus (EBOV) in 1976, significant filovirus research has focused on developing antiviral therapies. However, despite promising vaccine candidates, no licensed prophylactics currently exist for preventing or treating filovirus infections.
Pathogenesis: The Ebola genome encodes only seven genes, which mediate the entry, replication, and egress of the virus from the host cell. Bats have been identified as a reservoir for Ebola viruses but it remains unclear if transmission to an end host involves intermediate hosts.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis within a few days after symptoms begin involves antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Virus isolation.
Clinical pictures: Initial signs and symptoms are nonspecific and may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. Sufferers experience nausea, vomiting, internal bleeding and organ failure before they die.
Treatment: There are no approved treatments or vaccines available for Ebola virus disease (EVD) until today; however, there are a bunch of therapeutic approaches on the track which could have the real impact on control and prevention of this global threat. Among these, the one announced by the WHO opens some ones eyebrow and gives the real glimmer of hope to tackle EVD. The two “front running” vaccines on the track are cAd3-ZEBOV, a chimpanzee derived adenovirus vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in conjunction with the US National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, and rVSV-ZEBOV, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and now licensed to a US company called New Link.
Conclusions: Many promising vaccines are moving through pre-clinical or clinical trials, but mass immunization is unlikely due to the localized and sporadic nature of EBOV infections. Post-exposure interventions are therefore necessary for the treatment of cases as they occur.
Pathogenesis: The Ebola genome encodes only seven genes, which mediate the entry, replication, and egress of the virus from the host cell. Bats have been identified as a reservoir for Ebola viruses but it remains unclear if transmission to an end host involves intermediate hosts.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis within a few days after symptoms begin involves antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Virus isolation.
Clinical pictures: Initial signs and symptoms are nonspecific and may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. Sufferers experience nausea, vomiting, internal bleeding and organ failure before they die.
Treatment: There are no approved treatments or vaccines available for Ebola virus disease (EVD) until today; however, there are a bunch of therapeutic approaches on the track which could have the real impact on control and prevention of this global threat. Among these, the one announced by the WHO opens some ones eyebrow and gives the real glimmer of hope to tackle EVD. The two “front running” vaccines on the track are cAd3-ZEBOV, a chimpanzee derived adenovirus vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in conjunction with the US National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, and rVSV-ZEBOV, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and now licensed to a US company called New Link.
Conclusions: Many promising vaccines are moving through pre-clinical or clinical trials, but mass immunization is unlikely due to the localized and sporadic nature of EBOV infections. Post-exposure interventions are therefore necessary for the treatment of cases as they occur.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThe present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of varying levels of fly ash and g... more The present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of varying levels of fly ash and growth hormones on the determination of chlorophylls. The experiments were conducted in pots with Green gram leaves grown with different levels of fly ash concentration, and soil was used (various combinations). The soil of newly formed Chhattisgarh state has been found to be acidic and as a result, it causes aluminium toxicity reduced micro-organism activity Mn and Fe toxicity, Ca, Mg, Mo, N, P and S deficiency. Collectively all these factors reduce chlorophyll contents of plants previous workers have used liming to get rid of aluminium toxicity. In the present work fly ash and plant hormones have been used in the pot experiments in green gram plant to study their effect in chlorophyll contents.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: To screen the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant... more Objective: To screen the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant by oral glucose tolerance test, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and dexamethasone induced diabetic rats using oral administration of methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB).
Methods: In oral glucose tolerance test, both MERB and EARB markedly reduced the external glucose load. The extracts were given orally at doses 150 mg/kg b.w. and 300 mg/kg b.w. and were observed after 21 days in STZ induced diabetes and 11 days in dexamethasone induced diabetes. In vitro models using a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory assay were also evaluated. In vitro antioxidant study of the methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB) was done by DPPH assay and NBT inhibition assay respectively.
Results: From the preliminary phytochemical investigation Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and steroids. The antioxidant effect of plants are often attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents mainly phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols. MERB at 300 mg/kg b.w. was found to have significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Conclusion: This study clearly shows that the extracts of Rhynchosia beddomei possess effective antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Methods: In oral glucose tolerance test, both MERB and EARB markedly reduced the external glucose load. The extracts were given orally at doses 150 mg/kg b.w. and 300 mg/kg b.w. and were observed after 21 days in STZ induced diabetes and 11 days in dexamethasone induced diabetes. In vitro models using a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory assay were also evaluated. In vitro antioxidant study of the methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB) was done by DPPH assay and NBT inhibition assay respectively.
Results: From the preliminary phytochemical investigation Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and steroids. The antioxidant effect of plants are often attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents mainly phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols. MERB at 300 mg/kg b.w. was found to have significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Conclusion: This study clearly shows that the extracts of Rhynchosia beddomei possess effective antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an important signal molecule in plant system. In th... more Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an important signal molecule in plant system. In the present study, the effect of some elicitors namely, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sodium nitrite (NN) and potassium ferricyanide (FCN) on reactive oxygen species localisation and the antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. was studied during germination.
Method: The antioxidant activity and reactive oxygen species localisation were evaluated up to 3 days at an interval of 24h. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by the following spectrophotometric methods: scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, ferric reducing power and metal chelating property; also phytochemicals like phenol and flavonol contents were determined.
Results: The results demonstrated that the donors of nitric oxide treated seeds showed increase in their antioxidant activity from 24h to 48h and then after declined at stage of 3 days. Overall, the seeds treated with potassium ferricyanide and sodium nitroprusside exhibited higher antioxidant property when compared with that of control. It was evident from the study of histochemical localization of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane integrity that sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide exhibited protective role in the germinating seedlings of fenugreek.
Method: The antioxidant activity and reactive oxygen species localisation were evaluated up to 3 days at an interval of 24h. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by the following spectrophotometric methods: scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, ferric reducing power and metal chelating property; also phytochemicals like phenol and flavonol contents were determined.
Results: The results demonstrated that the donors of nitric oxide treated seeds showed increase in their antioxidant activity from 24h to 48h and then after declined at stage of 3 days. Overall, the seeds treated with potassium ferricyanide and sodium nitroprusside exhibited higher antioxidant property when compared with that of control. It was evident from the study of histochemical localization of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane integrity that sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide exhibited protective role in the germinating seedlings of fenugreek.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThe aim of the study is extracted and purity flavonoids from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. Ethanolic... more The aim of the study is extracted and purity flavonoids from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. Ethanolic extract obtained by removing the oily material from it by using soxhlet methods with of petroleum ether solvent and then wash with ethanol solvent in concentration 70%, the extract which confirms the presence of polyphenol and flavonoids. Purified flavonoids was obtained by gel filtration column (Sephadex LH-20).The ethanolic extract and purified flavonoids were examined by spectral diagnostic using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which showed the presence of flavonoids compound. The ethanolic extract and flavonoids were first subjected to phytochemical analysis followed by evaluation of their antioxidant potential by measuring the total phenolic content. The free radical scavenging activity of Rhizomes from Cyperus rotundus evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay the results revealed that activities of (BHT) synthetic antioxidant and vitamin C as free radical scavenging increased when is compared with flavonoid purified and ethanolic extract rhizomes, the free radical scavenging activity of flavonoid purified is less than synthetic antioxidant and flavonoid purified is highest free radical scavenging to ethanolic extract C. rotundus. Total phenolic of Cyperus rotundus sample ethanolic extract 10 and 25 mg/ml were 1.1758 and 2.0969mg/ml, respectively, and pure flavonoid 10mg/ml and 25mg/ml were 1.0159 and 1.1861mg/ml respectively. These results established the antioxidative potency of C. rotundus Rhizomes, which may account for some of the medical claims attributed to this plant.
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Centaurea chamaerhaponticum Ball. (Asteraceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae), Origanum compac... more Centaurea chamaerhaponticum Ball. (Asteraceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae), Origanum compactum Benth. (Lamiaceae), Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) and Ceratonia siliqua L. (Sapindaceae) are medicinal plants recommended in Moroccan folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
The protective effects of the studied plants against gastric damage were investigated using three experimental models in rats (HCl/ethanol, pylorus ligation, and aspirin-induced ulcer). Each plant extract (250 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered once prior to ulcer induction. The antiulcer activity was assessed by comparing the ulcer index and gastric parameters in the test group with those of the control group. As a result, all five plant extracts showed, at the high dose, a significant gastro-protective effect. O. compactum showed the highest ulcer protective in NSAID-induced ulcer model (86.1 % of protection), greater than that of omeprazole (79.7 %) and almost similar to that of cimetidine (84.8%). The volume of gastric secretion was decreased significantly by C. chamaerhaponticum (50% of gastric secretion reduction), C. siliqua (46.4%) and L. inermis (42.8%) similarly to omeprazole’s antisecretory effect (50% of secretion reduction). A significant decrease in the total acidity was noticed only at the highest dose for all tested plants (percent of total acidity reduction ranged from 22.2 to 30.5 %), except for C. chamaerhaponticum which showed no significant modifications in both total acidity and gastric pH. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the selected plants possess potent gastroprotective and antisecretory properties, which justify the ethno-medicinal claims.
The protective effects of the studied plants against gastric damage were investigated using three experimental models in rats (HCl/ethanol, pylorus ligation, and aspirin-induced ulcer). Each plant extract (250 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered once prior to ulcer induction. The antiulcer activity was assessed by comparing the ulcer index and gastric parameters in the test group with those of the control group. As a result, all five plant extracts showed, at the high dose, a significant gastro-protective effect. O. compactum showed the highest ulcer protective in NSAID-induced ulcer model (86.1 % of protection), greater than that of omeprazole (79.7 %) and almost similar to that of cimetidine (84.8%). The volume of gastric secretion was decreased significantly by C. chamaerhaponticum (50% of gastric secretion reduction), C. siliqua (46.4%) and L. inermis (42.8%) similarly to omeprazole’s antisecretory effect (50% of secretion reduction). A significant decrease in the total acidity was noticed only at the highest dose for all tested plants (percent of total acidity reduction ranged from 22.2 to 30.5 %), except for C. chamaerhaponticum which showed no significant modifications in both total acidity and gastric pH. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the selected plants possess potent gastroprotective and antisecretory properties, which justify the ethno-medicinal claims.
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This study is initialized to assess the enzymatic activity link to the presence or absence of spe... more This study is initialized to assess the enzymatic activity link to the presence or absence of spermatozoa.
In fact, thirty nine ejaculates from men aged 31 to 42 years were collected. 17 normospermia and 22 azoospermia were found. Seminal fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the samples and freeze at 4˚C.
Those tests revealed there is no significant difference in term of the age, the bit with the enzyme markers; the statistical analysis show significant variations in certain parameters. Thus, for the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we notice a difference between normospermia with the values of 224.17 ±17.30 UI/l and azoospermia with the values of 143.13 ± 13.69 UI/l. These remarks were made for the γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) with 16938 ± 1795 UI/l corresponding to the normospermia which are different from the azoospermia with the following values of 11357± 1326 UI/l.
The consideration of these parameters could be envisaged after an assessment on a broad sampling in order to confirm the effectiveness of the presence of the spermatozoa according to the activity of these enzyme markers.
In fact, thirty nine ejaculates from men aged 31 to 42 years were collected. 17 normospermia and 22 azoospermia were found. Seminal fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the samples and freeze at 4˚C.
Those tests revealed there is no significant difference in term of the age, the bit with the enzyme markers; the statistical analysis show significant variations in certain parameters. Thus, for the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we notice a difference between normospermia with the values of 224.17 ±17.30 UI/l and azoospermia with the values of 143.13 ± 13.69 UI/l. These remarks were made for the γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) with 16938 ± 1795 UI/l corresponding to the normospermia which are different from the azoospermia with the following values of 11357± 1326 UI/l.
The consideration of these parameters could be envisaged after an assessment on a broad sampling in order to confirm the effectiveness of the presence of the spermatozoa according to the activity of these enzyme markers.
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Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A si... more Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance
and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance
and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
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Background: Western Assam are located at the extreme western part of Assam it extends from 89049... more Background: Western Assam are located at the extreme western part of Assam it extends from 89049/20// E to 91048/16// longitude and 25027/ N to 260 54// latitude covering the lower Brahmaputra valley. Western Assam is very unique in its bio resources and is inhibited by different Tribes and Communities. The people of this region use various plant items including leaves and tender shoot, flowers of some species which are often seen to be consumed in different forms like fried, curry form or even eaten raw. Besides using edible items these flowers are also used sometimes as a medicine for curing various diseases. Some of these flowers are also seen to be sold in local markets of various parts of Western Assam including Guwahati city for their high demand. Most of these flowers also eaten all over North East India by different tribes.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to document the plant species used by various communities of Western Assam as an edible flower. This work is very significant because documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethno-botanical studies are necessary for conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization.
Method: In the study data was collected by field visit in various remote villages and by visiting the local markets of Western Assam. The present research work was conducted during the year on January 2012- June 2014. The present study provides information on their scientific name, family, vernacular name, habit, biological status, time of flowering, mode of preparation, medicinal properties and as well as market value.
Result and conclusion: A total of 35 species of 31 genera belonging to 23 families of edible flowers have been recorded from the study area. There is enormous potential for the use of such edible flowers which bear specific medicinal properties for which there is tremendous demand even in global level.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to document the plant species used by various communities of Western Assam as an edible flower. This work is very significant because documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethno-botanical studies are necessary for conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization.
Method: In the study data was collected by field visit in various remote villages and by visiting the local markets of Western Assam. The present research work was conducted during the year on January 2012- June 2014. The present study provides information on their scientific name, family, vernacular name, habit, biological status, time of flowering, mode of preparation, medicinal properties and as well as market value.
Result and conclusion: A total of 35 species of 31 genera belonging to 23 families of edible flowers have been recorded from the study area. There is enormous potential for the use of such edible flowers which bear specific medicinal properties for which there is tremendous demand even in global level.
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Water chestnut (Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa Roxburgh), is an
aquatic weed well known for its s... more Water chestnut (Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa Roxburgh), is an
aquatic weed well known for its starchy fruit. The objective of this
study is to investigate the fruits of this plant for its medicinal
property, viz, activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a non
pathogenic species Mycobacterium smegmatis and antioxidant
activity. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the peel and fruit
showed antimycobacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of the peel
exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity with significant MIC
values of 12.65 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml against M. tuberculosis and
M. smegmatis respectively. Total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid
contents (TFA) were measured. The ethanolic extract of the peel has
been found to contain the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
The fruit exhibited a total protein content of 6.825 g/100 g. Seven
compounds (Phenols and Fatty acid) are detected in the GC-MS
study of the ethanolic extract.
aquatic weed well known for its starchy fruit. The objective of this
study is to investigate the fruits of this plant for its medicinal
property, viz, activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a non
pathogenic species Mycobacterium smegmatis and antioxidant
activity. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the peel and fruit
showed antimycobacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of the peel
exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity with significant MIC
values of 12.65 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml against M. tuberculosis and
M. smegmatis respectively. Total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid
contents (TFA) were measured. The ethanolic extract of the peel has
been found to contain the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
The fruit exhibited a total protein content of 6.825 g/100 g. Seven
compounds (Phenols and Fatty acid) are detected in the GC-MS
study of the ethanolic extract.
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Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A si... more Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304 nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100 µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
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Anemia is one of the common medical conditions in pregnancy. The
World Health Organization (WHO) ... more Anemia is one of the common medical conditions in pregnancy. The
World Health Organization (WHO) describes anemia in pregnancy as
hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/dl. According to the 2008 report
of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected globally from
anemia. This situation is more serious in developing countries where
around 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. Objective of the
study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at the
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care center. A Hospital
based study was designed, where women delivered at the Liaquat
National Hospital, Karachi between the periods June 2012 to June
2013 were enrolled in this study.
Hemoglobin was assessed for all pregnant women categorized as
anemic on the basis of severity. Data was gathered with regard to
their antenatal progress and factors influencing anemia in pregnancy.
Descriptive statistics was done and the Chi square test was performed
to examine the relationship between outcome variables (anemic/noanemic) and other independent variables. One hundred and twenty
(24%) pregnant women were found anemic. Among these seventy
two were mild anemic (60%), while thirty percent (36) were
moderately anemic and remaining twelve (10%) were severely
anemic. Seventy seven percent was identified to have iron deficiency
anemia. Anemia was significantly related with lower age group (18 -29 years), low income, greater family size, underweight and previous
history of anemia. The study showed that iron deficiency anemia is
the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is a chief public
health issue in developing countries.
World Health Organization (WHO) describes anemia in pregnancy as
hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/dl. According to the 2008 report
of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected globally from
anemia. This situation is more serious in developing countries where
around 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. Objective of the
study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at the
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care center. A Hospital
based study was designed, where women delivered at the Liaquat
National Hospital, Karachi between the periods June 2012 to June
2013 were enrolled in this study.
Hemoglobin was assessed for all pregnant women categorized as
anemic on the basis of severity. Data was gathered with regard to
their antenatal progress and factors influencing anemia in pregnancy.
Descriptive statistics was done and the Chi square test was performed
to examine the relationship between outcome variables (anemic/noanemic) and other independent variables. One hundred and twenty
(24%) pregnant women were found anemic. Among these seventy
two were mild anemic (60%), while thirty percent (36) were
moderately anemic and remaining twelve (10%) were severely
anemic. Seventy seven percent was identified to have iron deficiency
anemia. Anemia was significantly related with lower age group (18 -29 years), low income, greater family size, underweight and previous
history of anemia. The study showed that iron deficiency anemia is
the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is a chief public
health issue in developing countries.
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Hypertension is one of the most common condition seen in general
clinical practice. Hypertension ... more Hypertension is one of the most common condition seen in general
clinical practice. Hypertension if not treated can lead to many serious
complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure and
eventually death. The incidence of resistant hypertension defined as
the inability to achieve target blood pressure despite optimal doses of
3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including one diuretic is
increasing. Resistant hypertension further increases the risk of
cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of resistant hypertension
is mainly by exclusion criteria. White coat syndrome and poor
adherence to treatment should be excluded. Management involves
multiple approaches such as lifestyle interventions and
pharmacological treatment. Initial pharmacological treatment begins
with optimization of diuretic use. Other first line drugs are calcium
channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and
angiotensin-receptor blockers. Combination of other drugs is used as
per individual patient need. Spironolactone has shown promising
results in the management. Various device therapies like chronic
electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus and Catheter-based
renal sympathetic denervation have been tried in the management of
resistant hypertension though the success is still eluding. The
endothelin receptor antagonists and minodoxil are being evaluated in
the management of resistant hypertension.
clinical practice. Hypertension if not treated can lead to many serious
complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure and
eventually death. The incidence of resistant hypertension defined as
the inability to achieve target blood pressure despite optimal doses of
3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including one diuretic is
increasing. Resistant hypertension further increases the risk of
cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of resistant hypertension
is mainly by exclusion criteria. White coat syndrome and poor
adherence to treatment should be excluded. Management involves
multiple approaches such as lifestyle interventions and
pharmacological treatment. Initial pharmacological treatment begins
with optimization of diuretic use. Other first line drugs are calcium
channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and
angiotensin-receptor blockers. Combination of other drugs is used as
per individual patient need. Spironolactone has shown promising
results in the management. Various device therapies like chronic
electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus and Catheter-based
renal sympathetic denervation have been tried in the management of
resistant hypertension though the success is still eluding. The
endothelin receptor antagonists and minodoxil are being evaluated in
the management of resistant hypertension.
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Objective: The objective of the experiment was to assess efficacy of
herbal teat dip, Mastidip... more Objective: The objective of the experiment was to assess efficacy of
herbal teat dip, Mastidip liquid (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in
reducing incidence of mastitis in healthy animals, sustenance of
lactation & in improving milk yield.
Method: 30 apparently healthy mastitis free lactating Holstein
freisian cows of same lactation and in early lactation were divided
into three groups. Group I served as Control animal group, no
treatment group. Group II, was treated with an herbal teat dip post
milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily and Group III, was treated with
herbal teat dip post milking in 1:2 dilution twice daily immediately
after milking.
Result: Statistical analysis of the results showed significantly lower
SCC (x10
3
) in Group III (155.2±43.7) and in Group II (188.26±35) in
comparison to untreated Group I (348.26±68.28). None of the
animals in group II showed signs of SCM and CM during the study.
The milk yield was significantly improved in Mastidip liquid treated
group.
Conclusion: Herbal teat dip post milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily
immediately after milking for a period of one month was found to be
more efficacious in preventing the incidence of both SCM and CM in
dairy cows.
herbal teat dip, Mastidip liquid (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in
reducing incidence of mastitis in healthy animals, sustenance of
lactation & in improving milk yield.
Method: 30 apparently healthy mastitis free lactating Holstein
freisian cows of same lactation and in early lactation were divided
into three groups. Group I served as Control animal group, no
treatment group. Group II, was treated with an herbal teat dip post
milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily and Group III, was treated with
herbal teat dip post milking in 1:2 dilution twice daily immediately
after milking.
Result: Statistical analysis of the results showed significantly lower
SCC (x10
3
) in Group III (155.2±43.7) and in Group II (188.26±35) in
comparison to untreated Group I (348.26±68.28). None of the
animals in group II showed signs of SCM and CM during the study.
The milk yield was significantly improved in Mastidip liquid treated
group.
Conclusion: Herbal teat dip post milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily
immediately after milking for a period of one month was found to be
more efficacious in preventing the incidence of both SCM and CM in
dairy cows.
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This study examined the antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant
activity of crude water, ... more This study examined the antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant
activity of crude water, ethanol and acetone extracts of Camellia
sinensis (Fam: Theaceae) or green tea leaves in vitro. The
pharmacological history of this plant inspired us to evaluate the
possible antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant potentials. A
quick and rapid methodology (In vitro thrombolytic model) was
applied to find out the clot lysis effect of aqueous, ethanol and
acetone extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves where streptokinase and
water were employed as a positive and negative controls,
respectively. The percentage (%) clot lysis was statistically
significant (p<0.0001) when compared with vehicle control. Using an
in vitro thrombolytic model, water, ethanol and acetone extracts of
Camellia sinensis leaves showed moderate clot lysis activity (45.60 ±
2.313%, 37.68 ± 2.211%, and 30.51% ± 2.551%, respectively)
whereas standard streptokinase showed 87.15 ± 3.212 % clot lysis
effect and the negative control water revealed 5.60 ± 2.131 % lysis of
clot. In the case of antibacterial activities, the extracts of water,
ethanol and acetone solvents were investigated by a simple agar
diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. Both aqueous and
ethanol extracts showed moderate activity against seven pathogenic
organisms, and acetone extracts showed activity against eight of the
bacteria tested. All the activities were determined by measuring the
zone of inhibition (in mm) compared with the standard antibiotic
(Amoxicillin). Finally, Free radical scavenging activity was
evaluated in vitro with the spectrophotometric method based on the
reduction of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical. The tested extracts showed variable antioxidant activities.
The high antioxidant activity was achieved in water (88.32%)
followed by ethanol (78.80%) and acetone (61.96%) extracts. The
extracts were investigated regarding their total flavonoid content
(TFC) by A1C13 reagent. The aqueous extracts of green tea leaves
(TFC = 78.16 ± 1.90 µg/mg) and ethanol extracts (TFC = 65.99 ± 4.11 µg/mg) had the highest content of flavonoid in comparison to
acetone extracts (TFC = 55.85 ± 1.43 µg/mg). Furthermore, the
total phenolic content of the three extracts of green tea leaves
showed large variations. The water extracts of green tea leaves
contained the highest total phenol content (160.00 ± 0.62 mg
GAE/g extract), followed by ethanol extracts (123.33 ± 2.32 mg
GAE/g extract) and acetone extracts (95.37 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g
extract).This study suggests that leaves of green tea are the
possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, green tea
leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food
and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo
studies.
activity of crude water, ethanol and acetone extracts of Camellia
sinensis (Fam: Theaceae) or green tea leaves in vitro. The
pharmacological history of this plant inspired us to evaluate the
possible antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant potentials. A
quick and rapid methodology (In vitro thrombolytic model) was
applied to find out the clot lysis effect of aqueous, ethanol and
acetone extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves where streptokinase and
water were employed as a positive and negative controls,
respectively. The percentage (%) clot lysis was statistically
significant (p<0.0001) when compared with vehicle control. Using an
in vitro thrombolytic model, water, ethanol and acetone extracts of
Camellia sinensis leaves showed moderate clot lysis activity (45.60 ±
2.313%, 37.68 ± 2.211%, and 30.51% ± 2.551%, respectively)
whereas standard streptokinase showed 87.15 ± 3.212 % clot lysis
effect and the negative control water revealed 5.60 ± 2.131 % lysis of
clot. In the case of antibacterial activities, the extracts of water,
ethanol and acetone solvents were investigated by a simple agar
diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. Both aqueous and
ethanol extracts showed moderate activity against seven pathogenic
organisms, and acetone extracts showed activity against eight of the
bacteria tested. All the activities were determined by measuring the
zone of inhibition (in mm) compared with the standard antibiotic
(Amoxicillin). Finally, Free radical scavenging activity was
evaluated in vitro with the spectrophotometric method based on the
reduction of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical. The tested extracts showed variable antioxidant activities.
The high antioxidant activity was achieved in water (88.32%)
followed by ethanol (78.80%) and acetone (61.96%) extracts. The
extracts were investigated regarding their total flavonoid content
(TFC) by A1C13 reagent. The aqueous extracts of green tea leaves
(TFC = 78.16 ± 1.90 µg/mg) and ethanol extracts (TFC = 65.99 ± 4.11 µg/mg) had the highest content of flavonoid in comparison to
acetone extracts (TFC = 55.85 ± 1.43 µg/mg). Furthermore, the
total phenolic content of the three extracts of green tea leaves
showed large variations. The water extracts of green tea leaves
contained the highest total phenol content (160.00 ± 0.62 mg
GAE/g extract), followed by ethanol extracts (123.33 ± 2.32 mg
GAE/g extract) and acetone extracts (95.37 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g
extract).This study suggests that leaves of green tea are the
possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, green tea
leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food
and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo
studies.
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Background: Among marine organisms, seaweeds are a highly
diverse group of organisms from... more Background: Among marine organisms, seaweeds are a highly
diverse group of organisms from which many new substances have
been isolated and many of these compounds have been demonstrated
to possess a large spectrum of bioactivities.
Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the antibacterial,
cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of green algae, Cladophora
prolifera (Roth) Kutzing, collected from the northern Mediterranean
coast of Morocco.
Material and Method: The antibacterial activity was determined by
disk diffusion method. After fractionation by column
chromatography, the fractions from C. prolifera were tested against
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the broth microdilution
assay. The antitumor effect on human colon cancer cells was
investigated via sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Then the Crude
extract has been tested in radical-scavenging assays to assess their
antioxidant activity.
Results: In vitro screening of methanolic extract of C. prolifera
showed specific activity to inhibit the growth of five virulent strains
of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922),
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus
(ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Klebsiella
pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). The obtained results indicated that the
extracts of C. prolifera were cytotoxic against HT29 human colon
cancer cells. In addition, based on the capacity of the algae to
scavenge the ABTS radical cation, we revealed that C. prolifera
extract presented a satisfactory antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that C. prolifera has a great
biological potential, which could be considered for future uses in
food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
diverse group of organisms from which many new substances have
been isolated and many of these compounds have been demonstrated
to possess a large spectrum of bioactivities.
Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the antibacterial,
cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of green algae, Cladophora
prolifera (Roth) Kutzing, collected from the northern Mediterranean
coast of Morocco.
Material and Method: The antibacterial activity was determined by
disk diffusion method. After fractionation by column
chromatography, the fractions from C. prolifera were tested against
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the broth microdilution
assay. The antitumor effect on human colon cancer cells was
investigated via sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Then the Crude
extract has been tested in radical-scavenging assays to assess their
antioxidant activity.
Results: In vitro screening of methanolic extract of C. prolifera
showed specific activity to inhibit the growth of five virulent strains
of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922),
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus
(ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Klebsiella
pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). The obtained results indicated that the
extracts of C. prolifera were cytotoxic against HT29 human colon
cancer cells. In addition, based on the capacity of the algae to
scavenge the ABTS radical cation, we revealed that C. prolifera
extract presented a satisfactory antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that C. prolifera has a great
biological potential, which could be considered for future uses in
food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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The aim of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant
potential of different e... more The aim of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant
potential of different extracts of Barleria prionitis leaf and stem. The
successive extraction of individual plant part was carried out using
solvents of different polarity viz. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol
and water. The preliminary Phytochemical screening of all the
extracts was done. The present total phenolic contents were estimated
by Folin- Ciocalteu reagent method and expressed as µg/mg of gallic
acid equivalent. The antioxidant potential and reducing power of all
the prepared extracts were measured against DPPH as compared to
standard ascorbic acid, and BHA respectively. The result data
indicated that the phenolic contents were higher in methanolic
extracts of leaf (103.51±0.38 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate
(52.91±0.28 mg/g), aqueous extract (42.02±0.36 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(12.48±0.27 mg/g). The similar pattern in stem part was also
observed, i.e. methanolic extracts (94.37±0.18 mg/g), ethyl acetate
(44.31±0.45 mg/g), water (32.82±0.31 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(8.33±0.21 mg/g). The antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of
both the part, i.e. leaf and stem were founded highest as IC50 values
were 63.41±0.32, 81.69±0.40 respectively. The reducing power was
also highest in the methanol extract of both parts. The result data
conclude that the higher antioxidant as well as reducing power may
be due to present phenolic contents.
potential of different extracts of Barleria prionitis leaf and stem. The
successive extraction of individual plant part was carried out using
solvents of different polarity viz. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol
and water. The preliminary Phytochemical screening of all the
extracts was done. The present total phenolic contents were estimated
by Folin- Ciocalteu reagent method and expressed as µg/mg of gallic
acid equivalent. The antioxidant potential and reducing power of all
the prepared extracts were measured against DPPH as compared to
standard ascorbic acid, and BHA respectively. The result data
indicated that the phenolic contents were higher in methanolic
extracts of leaf (103.51±0.38 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate
(52.91±0.28 mg/g), aqueous extract (42.02±0.36 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(12.48±0.27 mg/g). The similar pattern in stem part was also
observed, i.e. methanolic extracts (94.37±0.18 mg/g), ethyl acetate
(44.31±0.45 mg/g), water (32.82±0.31 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(8.33±0.21 mg/g). The antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of
both the part, i.e. leaf and stem were founded highest as IC50 values
were 63.41±0.32, 81.69±0.40 respectively. The reducing power was
also highest in the methanol extract of both parts. The result data
conclude that the higher antioxidant as well as reducing power may
be due to present phenolic contents.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: To evaluate the anti tumor activity of Coscinium fenestratum extract under in vitro an... more Objective: To evaluate the anti tumor activity of Coscinium fenestratum extract under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of C. fenestratum extract was tested on HeLa cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was measured via mitochondtial membrane potential assay, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of the extract was tested against developed solid tumor in mammalian system.
Results: The extract showed significant anti-proliferative activity and is dose dependent. The extract treatment clearly showed an increasing number of apoptotic events both in HeLa cells and DLA cells and collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential and these effects were higher than that of the positive control taxol. The cellular DNA was cleaved in to multiple fragments. Membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation was also observed after the extract treatment. C. fenestratum also triggered the release of mitochondrial cytochrome -c and activation of caspases 3 and 9 in HeLa cells, indicative of its apoptotic potential and was found to be highly effective in tumor regression.
Conclusions: These finding suggested that the potential antitumor activity of C. fenestratum extract.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of C. fenestratum extract was tested on HeLa cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was measured via mitochondtial membrane potential assay, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of the extract was tested against developed solid tumor in mammalian system.
Results: The extract showed significant anti-proliferative activity and is dose dependent. The extract treatment clearly showed an increasing number of apoptotic events both in HeLa cells and DLA cells and collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential and these effects were higher than that of the positive control taxol. The cellular DNA was cleaved in to multiple fragments. Membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation was also observed after the extract treatment. C. fenestratum also triggered the release of mitochondrial cytochrome -c and activation of caspases 3 and 9 in HeLa cells, indicative of its apoptotic potential and was found to be highly effective in tumor regression.
Conclusions: These finding suggested that the potential antitumor activity of C. fenestratum extract.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactAbstract
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparida... more Abstract
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparidaceae. P. denticulata is commonly known as drumstick primula and grow in shady places and open slopes.Similarly, C. zeylanica is commonly known as Indian caper, a climbing shrub. The literature survey revealed that there is no experimental evidence of antidiabetic and wound healing effect of the plants. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and wound healing properties in plants extract. In the hypoglycaemic activity, the animals were examined up to 21 days, in which Streptozotocin (STZ) was used as diabetes inducer and Glipizide as a standard. For wound healing activity, excision-wound model was used and 1% Silver Sulphadiazine ointment was used as standard. The dose 200 mg/kg body weight was selected from both ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extract for hypoglycaemic activity. For hypoglycaemic activity, the result of aqueous extract of C. zeylanica (200.3±3.24**) and EtOH extract of P. denticulata (203.8±2.30**) have shown a good reduction in blood glucose level and compared with normal control. 5% ointment formulation of EtOH extract of C. zeylanica and P. denticulata have been shown 98.36% and 93.08% wound healing contraction at day18 respectively when compared with normal control. Finally the results concluded that, both the plant extract have probable source of hypoglycaemic and wound healing property from natural origin.
Primula denticulata belonging to family Primulaceae and Capparis zeylanica to Capparidaceae. P. denticulata is commonly known as drumstick primula and grow in shady places and open slopes.Similarly, C. zeylanica is commonly known as Indian caper, a climbing shrub. The literature survey revealed that there is no experimental evidence of antidiabetic and wound healing effect of the plants. The present investigation was planned to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and wound healing properties in plants extract. In the hypoglycaemic activity, the animals were examined up to 21 days, in which Streptozotocin (STZ) was used as diabetes inducer and Glipizide as a standard. For wound healing activity, excision-wound model was used and 1% Silver Sulphadiazine ointment was used as standard. The dose 200 mg/kg body weight was selected from both ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extract for hypoglycaemic activity. For hypoglycaemic activity, the result of aqueous extract of C. zeylanica (200.3±3.24**) and EtOH extract of P. denticulata (203.8±2.30**) have shown a good reduction in blood glucose level and compared with normal control. 5% ointment formulation of EtOH extract of C. zeylanica and P. denticulata have been shown 98.36% and 93.08% wound healing contraction at day18 respectively when compared with normal control. Finally the results concluded that, both the plant extract have probable source of hypoglycaemic and wound healing property from natural origin.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by chronic bacterial infection of the gum and bon... more Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by chronic bacterial infection of the gum and bone supporting the teeth. Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory agents are used to treat periodontal diseases. Due to their short half life, these medications have to be taken frequently to maintain the desired therapeutic effect. Extensive efforts have recently been focused on targeting the drugs to a particular region of the body for extended period of time, thus maximizing drug availability and minimizing dose dependent side effects.
This article reviews preparation of microspheres, gels and bioadhesive gel incorporated with drug loaded microspheres and parameters to evaluate their efficiency.
This article reviews preparation of microspheres, gels and bioadhesive gel incorporated with drug loaded microspheres and parameters to evaluate their efficiency.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactBackground: Since the identification of Ebola Virus (EBOV) in 1976, significant filovirus researc... more Background: Since the identification of Ebola Virus (EBOV) in 1976, significant filovirus research has focused on developing antiviral therapies. However, despite promising vaccine candidates, no licensed prophylactics currently exist for preventing or treating filovirus infections.
Pathogenesis: The Ebola genome encodes only seven genes, which mediate the entry, replication, and egress of the virus from the host cell. Bats have been identified as a reservoir for Ebola viruses but it remains unclear if transmission to an end host involves intermediate hosts.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis within a few days after symptoms begin involves antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Virus isolation.
Clinical pictures: Initial signs and symptoms are nonspecific and may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. Sufferers experience nausea, vomiting, internal bleeding and organ failure before they die.
Treatment: There are no approved treatments or vaccines available for Ebola virus disease (EVD) until today; however, there are a bunch of therapeutic approaches on the track which could have the real impact on control and prevention of this global threat. Among these, the one announced by the WHO opens some ones eyebrow and gives the real glimmer of hope to tackle EVD. The two “front running” vaccines on the track are cAd3-ZEBOV, a chimpanzee derived adenovirus vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in conjunction with the US National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, and rVSV-ZEBOV, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and now licensed to a US company called New Link.
Conclusions: Many promising vaccines are moving through pre-clinical or clinical trials, but mass immunization is unlikely due to the localized and sporadic nature of EBOV infections. Post-exposure interventions are therefore necessary for the treatment of cases as they occur.
Pathogenesis: The Ebola genome encodes only seven genes, which mediate the entry, replication, and egress of the virus from the host cell. Bats have been identified as a reservoir for Ebola viruses but it remains unclear if transmission to an end host involves intermediate hosts.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis within a few days after symptoms begin involves antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Virus isolation.
Clinical pictures: Initial signs and symptoms are nonspecific and may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. Sufferers experience nausea, vomiting, internal bleeding and organ failure before they die.
Treatment: There are no approved treatments or vaccines available for Ebola virus disease (EVD) until today; however, there are a bunch of therapeutic approaches on the track which could have the real impact on control and prevention of this global threat. Among these, the one announced by the WHO opens some ones eyebrow and gives the real glimmer of hope to tackle EVD. The two “front running” vaccines on the track are cAd3-ZEBOV, a chimpanzee derived adenovirus vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in conjunction with the US National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, and rVSV-ZEBOV, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and now licensed to a US company called New Link.
Conclusions: Many promising vaccines are moving through pre-clinical or clinical trials, but mass immunization is unlikely due to the localized and sporadic nature of EBOV infections. Post-exposure interventions are therefore necessary for the treatment of cases as they occur.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThe present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of varying levels of fly ash and g... more The present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of varying levels of fly ash and growth hormones on the determination of chlorophylls. The experiments were conducted in pots with Green gram leaves grown with different levels of fly ash concentration, and soil was used (various combinations). The soil of newly formed Chhattisgarh state has been found to be acidic and as a result, it causes aluminium toxicity reduced micro-organism activity Mn and Fe toxicity, Ca, Mg, Mo, N, P and S deficiency. Collectively all these factors reduce chlorophyll contents of plants previous workers have used liming to get rid of aluminium toxicity. In the present work fly ash and plant hormones have been used in the pot experiments in green gram plant to study their effect in chlorophyll contents.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: To screen the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant... more Objective: To screen the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant by oral glucose tolerance test, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and dexamethasone induced diabetic rats using oral administration of methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB).
Methods: In oral glucose tolerance test, both MERB and EARB markedly reduced the external glucose load. The extracts were given orally at doses 150 mg/kg b.w. and 300 mg/kg b.w. and were observed after 21 days in STZ induced diabetes and 11 days in dexamethasone induced diabetes. In vitro models using a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory assay were also evaluated. In vitro antioxidant study of the methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB) was done by DPPH assay and NBT inhibition assay respectively.
Results: From the preliminary phytochemical investigation Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and steroids. The antioxidant effect of plants are often attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents mainly phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols. MERB at 300 mg/kg b.w. was found to have significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Conclusion: This study clearly shows that the extracts of Rhynchosia beddomei possess effective antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Methods: In oral glucose tolerance test, both MERB and EARB markedly reduced the external glucose load. The extracts were given orally at doses 150 mg/kg b.w. and 300 mg/kg b.w. and were observed after 21 days in STZ induced diabetes and 11 days in dexamethasone induced diabetes. In vitro models using a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory assay were also evaluated. In vitro antioxidant study of the methanolic extract (MERB) and ethyl acetate extract (EARB) was done by DPPH assay and NBT inhibition assay respectively.
Results: From the preliminary phytochemical investigation Rhynchosia beddomei whole plant showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and steroids. The antioxidant effect of plants are often attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents mainly phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols. MERB at 300 mg/kg b.w. was found to have significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Conclusion: This study clearly shows that the extracts of Rhynchosia beddomei possess effective antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an important signal molecule in plant system. In th... more Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an important signal molecule in plant system. In the present study, the effect of some elicitors namely, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sodium nitrite (NN) and potassium ferricyanide (FCN) on reactive oxygen species localisation and the antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. was studied during germination.
Method: The antioxidant activity and reactive oxygen species localisation were evaluated up to 3 days at an interval of 24h. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by the following spectrophotometric methods: scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, ferric reducing power and metal chelating property; also phytochemicals like phenol and flavonol contents were determined.
Results: The results demonstrated that the donors of nitric oxide treated seeds showed increase in their antioxidant activity from 24h to 48h and then after declined at stage of 3 days. Overall, the seeds treated with potassium ferricyanide and sodium nitroprusside exhibited higher antioxidant property when compared with that of control. It was evident from the study of histochemical localization of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane integrity that sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide exhibited protective role in the germinating seedlings of fenugreek.
Method: The antioxidant activity and reactive oxygen species localisation were evaluated up to 3 days at an interval of 24h. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by the following spectrophotometric methods: scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, ferric reducing power and metal chelating property; also phytochemicals like phenol and flavonol contents were determined.
Results: The results demonstrated that the donors of nitric oxide treated seeds showed increase in their antioxidant activity from 24h to 48h and then after declined at stage of 3 days. Overall, the seeds treated with potassium ferricyanide and sodium nitroprusside exhibited higher antioxidant property when compared with that of control. It was evident from the study of histochemical localization of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane integrity that sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide exhibited protective role in the germinating seedlings of fenugreek.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThe aim of the study is extracted and purity flavonoids from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. Ethanolic... more The aim of the study is extracted and purity flavonoids from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. Ethanolic extract obtained by removing the oily material from it by using soxhlet methods with of petroleum ether solvent and then wash with ethanol solvent in concentration 70%, the extract which confirms the presence of polyphenol and flavonoids. Purified flavonoids was obtained by gel filtration column (Sephadex LH-20).The ethanolic extract and purified flavonoids were examined by spectral diagnostic using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which showed the presence of flavonoids compound. The ethanolic extract and flavonoids were first subjected to phytochemical analysis followed by evaluation of their antioxidant potential by measuring the total phenolic content. The free radical scavenging activity of Rhizomes from Cyperus rotundus evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay the results revealed that activities of (BHT) synthetic antioxidant and vitamin C as free radical scavenging increased when is compared with flavonoid purified and ethanolic extract rhizomes, the free radical scavenging activity of flavonoid purified is less than synthetic antioxidant and flavonoid purified is highest free radical scavenging to ethanolic extract C. rotundus. Total phenolic of Cyperus rotundus sample ethanolic extract 10 and 25 mg/ml were 1.1758 and 2.0969mg/ml, respectively, and pure flavonoid 10mg/ml and 25mg/ml were 1.0159 and 1.1861mg/ml respectively. These results established the antioxidative potency of C. rotundus Rhizomes, which may account for some of the medical claims attributed to this plant.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactCentaurea chamaerhaponticum Ball. (Asteraceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae), Origanum compac... more Centaurea chamaerhaponticum Ball. (Asteraceae), Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae), Origanum compactum Benth. (Lamiaceae), Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) and Ceratonia siliqua L. (Sapindaceae) are medicinal plants recommended in Moroccan folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
The protective effects of the studied plants against gastric damage were investigated using three experimental models in rats (HCl/ethanol, pylorus ligation, and aspirin-induced ulcer). Each plant extract (250 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered once prior to ulcer induction. The antiulcer activity was assessed by comparing the ulcer index and gastric parameters in the test group with those of the control group. As a result, all five plant extracts showed, at the high dose, a significant gastro-protective effect. O. compactum showed the highest ulcer protective in NSAID-induced ulcer model (86.1 % of protection), greater than that of omeprazole (79.7 %) and almost similar to that of cimetidine (84.8%). The volume of gastric secretion was decreased significantly by C. chamaerhaponticum (50% of gastric secretion reduction), C. siliqua (46.4%) and L. inermis (42.8%) similarly to omeprazole’s antisecretory effect (50% of secretion reduction). A significant decrease in the total acidity was noticed only at the highest dose for all tested plants (percent of total acidity reduction ranged from 22.2 to 30.5 %), except for C. chamaerhaponticum which showed no significant modifications in both total acidity and gastric pH. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the selected plants possess potent gastroprotective and antisecretory properties, which justify the ethno-medicinal claims.
The protective effects of the studied plants against gastric damage were investigated using three experimental models in rats (HCl/ethanol, pylorus ligation, and aspirin-induced ulcer). Each plant extract (250 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered once prior to ulcer induction. The antiulcer activity was assessed by comparing the ulcer index and gastric parameters in the test group with those of the control group. As a result, all five plant extracts showed, at the high dose, a significant gastro-protective effect. O. compactum showed the highest ulcer protective in NSAID-induced ulcer model (86.1 % of protection), greater than that of omeprazole (79.7 %) and almost similar to that of cimetidine (84.8%). The volume of gastric secretion was decreased significantly by C. chamaerhaponticum (50% of gastric secretion reduction), C. siliqua (46.4%) and L. inermis (42.8%) similarly to omeprazole’s antisecretory effect (50% of secretion reduction). A significant decrease in the total acidity was noticed only at the highest dose for all tested plants (percent of total acidity reduction ranged from 22.2 to 30.5 %), except for C. chamaerhaponticum which showed no significant modifications in both total acidity and gastric pH. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the selected plants possess potent gastroprotective and antisecretory properties, which justify the ethno-medicinal claims.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThis study is initialized to assess the enzymatic activity link to the presence or absence of spe... more This study is initialized to assess the enzymatic activity link to the presence or absence of spermatozoa.
In fact, thirty nine ejaculates from men aged 31 to 42 years were collected. 17 normospermia and 22 azoospermia were found. Seminal fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the samples and freeze at 4˚C.
Those tests revealed there is no significant difference in term of the age, the bit with the enzyme markers; the statistical analysis show significant variations in certain parameters. Thus, for the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we notice a difference between normospermia with the values of 224.17 ±17.30 UI/l and azoospermia with the values of 143.13 ± 13.69 UI/l. These remarks were made for the γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) with 16938 ± 1795 UI/l corresponding to the normospermia which are different from the azoospermia with the following values of 11357± 1326 UI/l.
The consideration of these parameters could be envisaged after an assessment on a broad sampling in order to confirm the effectiveness of the presence of the spermatozoa according to the activity of these enzyme markers.
In fact, thirty nine ejaculates from men aged 31 to 42 years were collected. 17 normospermia and 22 azoospermia were found. Seminal fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the samples and freeze at 4˚C.
Those tests revealed there is no significant difference in term of the age, the bit with the enzyme markers; the statistical analysis show significant variations in certain parameters. Thus, for the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we notice a difference between normospermia with the values of 224.17 ±17.30 UI/l and azoospermia with the values of 143.13 ± 13.69 UI/l. These remarks were made for the γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) with 16938 ± 1795 UI/l corresponding to the normospermia which are different from the azoospermia with the following values of 11357± 1326 UI/l.
The consideration of these parameters could be envisaged after an assessment on a broad sampling in order to confirm the effectiveness of the presence of the spermatozoa according to the activity of these enzyme markers.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactLamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A si... more Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance
and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance
and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactBackground: Western Assam are located at the extreme western part of Assam it extends from 89049... more Background: Western Assam are located at the extreme western part of Assam it extends from 89049/20// E to 91048/16// longitude and 25027/ N to 260 54// latitude covering the lower Brahmaputra valley. Western Assam is very unique in its bio resources and is inhibited by different Tribes and Communities. The people of this region use various plant items including leaves and tender shoot, flowers of some species which are often seen to be consumed in different forms like fried, curry form or even eaten raw. Besides using edible items these flowers are also used sometimes as a medicine for curing various diseases. Some of these flowers are also seen to be sold in local markets of various parts of Western Assam including Guwahati city for their high demand. Most of these flowers also eaten all over North East India by different tribes.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to document the plant species used by various communities of Western Assam as an edible flower. This work is very significant because documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethno-botanical studies are necessary for conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization.
Method: In the study data was collected by field visit in various remote villages and by visiting the local markets of Western Assam. The present research work was conducted during the year on January 2012- June 2014. The present study provides information on their scientific name, family, vernacular name, habit, biological status, time of flowering, mode of preparation, medicinal properties and as well as market value.
Result and conclusion: A total of 35 species of 31 genera belonging to 23 families of edible flowers have been recorded from the study area. There is enormous potential for the use of such edible flowers which bear specific medicinal properties for which there is tremendous demand even in global level.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to document the plant species used by various communities of Western Assam as an edible flower. This work is very significant because documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethno-botanical studies are necessary for conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization.
Method: In the study data was collected by field visit in various remote villages and by visiting the local markets of Western Assam. The present research work was conducted during the year on January 2012- June 2014. The present study provides information on their scientific name, family, vernacular name, habit, biological status, time of flowering, mode of preparation, medicinal properties and as well as market value.
Result and conclusion: A total of 35 species of 31 genera belonging to 23 families of edible flowers have been recorded from the study area. There is enormous potential for the use of such edible flowers which bear specific medicinal properties for which there is tremendous demand even in global level.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactWater chestnut (Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa Roxburgh), is an
aquatic weed well known for its s... more Water chestnut (Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa Roxburgh), is an
aquatic weed well known for its starchy fruit. The objective of this
study is to investigate the fruits of this plant for its medicinal
property, viz, activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a non
pathogenic species Mycobacterium smegmatis and antioxidant
activity. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the peel and fruit
showed antimycobacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of the peel
exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity with significant MIC
values of 12.65 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml against M. tuberculosis and
M. smegmatis respectively. Total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid
contents (TFA) were measured. The ethanolic extract of the peel has
been found to contain the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
The fruit exhibited a total protein content of 6.825 g/100 g. Seven
compounds (Phenols and Fatty acid) are detected in the GC-MS
study of the ethanolic extract.
aquatic weed well known for its starchy fruit. The objective of this
study is to investigate the fruits of this plant for its medicinal
property, viz, activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a non
pathogenic species Mycobacterium smegmatis and antioxidant
activity. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the peel and fruit
showed antimycobacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of the peel
exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity with significant MIC
values of 12.65 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml against M. tuberculosis and
M. smegmatis respectively. Total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid
contents (TFA) were measured. The ethanolic extract of the peel has
been found to contain the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents.
The fruit exhibited a total protein content of 6.825 g/100 g. Seven
compounds (Phenols and Fatty acid) are detected in the GC-MS
study of the ethanolic extract.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactLamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A si... more Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder A simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible UV/visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Lamotrigine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solvent used was distilled water and wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance for the drug was found at 304 nm. Drug obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 – 100 µg/ml. with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The linear regression equation obtained was y=0.0073x+0.0081, where y is the absorbance and x is the concentration of the pure drug solution. The method was validated for several parameters such as Linearity, Accuracy, Precision and Robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The % recovery value which is close to 100% indicates reproducibility of the method and absence of interference of the excepients present in the formulation. The authors conclude that the proposed spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Lamotrigine can be used for routine analysis of Lamotrigine in bulk as well as in tablet dosage form.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactAnemia is one of the common medical conditions in pregnancy. The
World Health Organization (WHO) ... more Anemia is one of the common medical conditions in pregnancy. The
World Health Organization (WHO) describes anemia in pregnancy as
hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/dl. According to the 2008 report
of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected globally from
anemia. This situation is more serious in developing countries where
around 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. Objective of the
study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at the
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care center. A Hospital
based study was designed, where women delivered at the Liaquat
National Hospital, Karachi between the periods June 2012 to June
2013 were enrolled in this study.
Hemoglobin was assessed for all pregnant women categorized as
anemic on the basis of severity. Data was gathered with regard to
their antenatal progress and factors influencing anemia in pregnancy.
Descriptive statistics was done and the Chi square test was performed
to examine the relationship between outcome variables (anemic/noanemic) and other independent variables. One hundred and twenty
(24%) pregnant women were found anemic. Among these seventy
two were mild anemic (60%), while thirty percent (36) were
moderately anemic and remaining twelve (10%) were severely
anemic. Seventy seven percent was identified to have iron deficiency
anemia. Anemia was significantly related with lower age group (18 -29 years), low income, greater family size, underweight and previous
history of anemia. The study showed that iron deficiency anemia is
the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is a chief public
health issue in developing countries.
World Health Organization (WHO) describes anemia in pregnancy as
hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/dl. According to the 2008 report
of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected globally from
anemia. This situation is more serious in developing countries where
around 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. Objective of the
study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at the
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, a tertiary care center. A Hospital
based study was designed, where women delivered at the Liaquat
National Hospital, Karachi between the periods June 2012 to June
2013 were enrolled in this study.
Hemoglobin was assessed for all pregnant women categorized as
anemic on the basis of severity. Data was gathered with regard to
their antenatal progress and factors influencing anemia in pregnancy.
Descriptive statistics was done and the Chi square test was performed
to examine the relationship between outcome variables (anemic/noanemic) and other independent variables. One hundred and twenty
(24%) pregnant women were found anemic. Among these seventy
two were mild anemic (60%), while thirty percent (36) were
moderately anemic and remaining twelve (10%) were severely
anemic. Seventy seven percent was identified to have iron deficiency
anemia. Anemia was significantly related with lower age group (18 -29 years), low income, greater family size, underweight and previous
history of anemia. The study showed that iron deficiency anemia is
the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is a chief public
health issue in developing countries.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactHypertension is one of the most common condition seen in general
clinical practice. Hypertension ... more Hypertension is one of the most common condition seen in general
clinical practice. Hypertension if not treated can lead to many serious
complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure and
eventually death. The incidence of resistant hypertension defined as
the inability to achieve target blood pressure despite optimal doses of
3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including one diuretic is
increasing. Resistant hypertension further increases the risk of
cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of resistant hypertension
is mainly by exclusion criteria. White coat syndrome and poor
adherence to treatment should be excluded. Management involves
multiple approaches such as lifestyle interventions and
pharmacological treatment. Initial pharmacological treatment begins
with optimization of diuretic use. Other first line drugs are calcium
channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and
angiotensin-receptor blockers. Combination of other drugs is used as
per individual patient need. Spironolactone has shown promising
results in the management. Various device therapies like chronic
electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus and Catheter-based
renal sympathetic denervation have been tried in the management of
resistant hypertension though the success is still eluding. The
endothelin receptor antagonists and minodoxil are being evaluated in
the management of resistant hypertension.
clinical practice. Hypertension if not treated can lead to many serious
complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure and
eventually death. The incidence of resistant hypertension defined as
the inability to achieve target blood pressure despite optimal doses of
3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including one diuretic is
increasing. Resistant hypertension further increases the risk of
cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of resistant hypertension
is mainly by exclusion criteria. White coat syndrome and poor
adherence to treatment should be excluded. Management involves
multiple approaches such as lifestyle interventions and
pharmacological treatment. Initial pharmacological treatment begins
with optimization of diuretic use. Other first line drugs are calcium
channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and
angiotensin-receptor blockers. Combination of other drugs is used as
per individual patient need. Spironolactone has shown promising
results in the management. Various device therapies like chronic
electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus and Catheter-based
renal sympathetic denervation have been tried in the management of
resistant hypertension though the success is still eluding. The
endothelin receptor antagonists and minodoxil are being evaluated in
the management of resistant hypertension.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactObjective: The objective of the experiment was to assess efficacy of
herbal teat dip, Mastidip... more Objective: The objective of the experiment was to assess efficacy of
herbal teat dip, Mastidip liquid (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in
reducing incidence of mastitis in healthy animals, sustenance of
lactation & in improving milk yield.
Method: 30 apparently healthy mastitis free lactating Holstein
freisian cows of same lactation and in early lactation were divided
into three groups. Group I served as Control animal group, no
treatment group. Group II, was treated with an herbal teat dip post
milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily and Group III, was treated with
herbal teat dip post milking in 1:2 dilution twice daily immediately
after milking.
Result: Statistical analysis of the results showed significantly lower
SCC (x10
3
) in Group III (155.2±43.7) and in Group II (188.26±35) in
comparison to untreated Group I (348.26±68.28). None of the
animals in group II showed signs of SCM and CM during the study.
The milk yield was significantly improved in Mastidip liquid treated
group.
Conclusion: Herbal teat dip post milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily
immediately after milking for a period of one month was found to be
more efficacious in preventing the incidence of both SCM and CM in
dairy cows.
herbal teat dip, Mastidip liquid (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in
reducing incidence of mastitis in healthy animals, sustenance of
lactation & in improving milk yield.
Method: 30 apparently healthy mastitis free lactating Holstein
freisian cows of same lactation and in early lactation were divided
into three groups. Group I served as Control animal group, no
treatment group. Group II, was treated with an herbal teat dip post
milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily and Group III, was treated with
herbal teat dip post milking in 1:2 dilution twice daily immediately
after milking.
Result: Statistical analysis of the results showed significantly lower
SCC (x10
3
) in Group III (155.2±43.7) and in Group II (188.26±35) in
comparison to untreated Group I (348.26±68.28). None of the
animals in group II showed signs of SCM and CM during the study.
The milk yield was significantly improved in Mastidip liquid treated
group.
Conclusion: Herbal teat dip post milking in 1:1 dilution twice daily
immediately after milking for a period of one month was found to be
more efficacious in preventing the incidence of both SCM and CM in
dairy cows.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThis study examined the antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant
activity of crude water, ... more This study examined the antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant
activity of crude water, ethanol and acetone extracts of Camellia
sinensis (Fam: Theaceae) or green tea leaves in vitro. The
pharmacological history of this plant inspired us to evaluate the
possible antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant potentials. A
quick and rapid methodology (In vitro thrombolytic model) was
applied to find out the clot lysis effect of aqueous, ethanol and
acetone extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves where streptokinase and
water were employed as a positive and negative controls,
respectively. The percentage (%) clot lysis was statistically
significant (p<0.0001) when compared with vehicle control. Using an
in vitro thrombolytic model, water, ethanol and acetone extracts of
Camellia sinensis leaves showed moderate clot lysis activity (45.60 ±
2.313%, 37.68 ± 2.211%, and 30.51% ± 2.551%, respectively)
whereas standard streptokinase showed 87.15 ± 3.212 % clot lysis
effect and the negative control water revealed 5.60 ± 2.131 % lysis of
clot. In the case of antibacterial activities, the extracts of water,
ethanol and acetone solvents were investigated by a simple agar
diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. Both aqueous and
ethanol extracts showed moderate activity against seven pathogenic
organisms, and acetone extracts showed activity against eight of the
bacteria tested. All the activities were determined by measuring the
zone of inhibition (in mm) compared with the standard antibiotic
(Amoxicillin). Finally, Free radical scavenging activity was
evaluated in vitro with the spectrophotometric method based on the
reduction of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical. The tested extracts showed variable antioxidant activities.
The high antioxidant activity was achieved in water (88.32%)
followed by ethanol (78.80%) and acetone (61.96%) extracts. The
extracts were investigated regarding their total flavonoid content
(TFC) by A1C13 reagent. The aqueous extracts of green tea leaves
(TFC = 78.16 ± 1.90 µg/mg) and ethanol extracts (TFC = 65.99 ± 4.11 µg/mg) had the highest content of flavonoid in comparison to
acetone extracts (TFC = 55.85 ± 1.43 µg/mg). Furthermore, the
total phenolic content of the three extracts of green tea leaves
showed large variations. The water extracts of green tea leaves
contained the highest total phenol content (160.00 ± 0.62 mg
GAE/g extract), followed by ethanol extracts (123.33 ± 2.32 mg
GAE/g extract) and acetone extracts (95.37 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g
extract).This study suggests that leaves of green tea are the
possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, green tea
leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food
and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo
studies.
activity of crude water, ethanol and acetone extracts of Camellia
sinensis (Fam: Theaceae) or green tea leaves in vitro. The
pharmacological history of this plant inspired us to evaluate the
possible antibacterial, thrombolytic and antioxidant potentials. A
quick and rapid methodology (In vitro thrombolytic model) was
applied to find out the clot lysis effect of aqueous, ethanol and
acetone extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves where streptokinase and
water were employed as a positive and negative controls,
respectively. The percentage (%) clot lysis was statistically
significant (p<0.0001) when compared with vehicle control. Using an
in vitro thrombolytic model, water, ethanol and acetone extracts of
Camellia sinensis leaves showed moderate clot lysis activity (45.60 ±
2.313%, 37.68 ± 2.211%, and 30.51% ± 2.551%, respectively)
whereas standard streptokinase showed 87.15 ± 3.212 % clot lysis
effect and the negative control water revealed 5.60 ± 2.131 % lysis of
clot. In the case of antibacterial activities, the extracts of water,
ethanol and acetone solvents were investigated by a simple agar
diffusion method using ten pathogenic bacteria. Both aqueous and
ethanol extracts showed moderate activity against seven pathogenic
organisms, and acetone extracts showed activity against eight of the
bacteria tested. All the activities were determined by measuring the
zone of inhibition (in mm) compared with the standard antibiotic
(Amoxicillin). Finally, Free radical scavenging activity was
evaluated in vitro with the spectrophotometric method based on the
reduction of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical. The tested extracts showed variable antioxidant activities.
The high antioxidant activity was achieved in water (88.32%)
followed by ethanol (78.80%) and acetone (61.96%) extracts. The
extracts were investigated regarding their total flavonoid content
(TFC) by A1C13 reagent. The aqueous extracts of green tea leaves
(TFC = 78.16 ± 1.90 µg/mg) and ethanol extracts (TFC = 65.99 ± 4.11 µg/mg) had the highest content of flavonoid in comparison to
acetone extracts (TFC = 55.85 ± 1.43 µg/mg). Furthermore, the
total phenolic content of the three extracts of green tea leaves
showed large variations. The water extracts of green tea leaves
contained the highest total phenol content (160.00 ± 0.62 mg
GAE/g extract), followed by ethanol extracts (123.33 ± 2.32 mg
GAE/g extract) and acetone extracts (95.37 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g
extract).This study suggests that leaves of green tea are the
possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, green tea
leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food
and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo
studies.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactBackground: Among marine organisms, seaweeds are a highly
diverse group of organisms from... more Background: Among marine organisms, seaweeds are a highly
diverse group of organisms from which many new substances have
been isolated and many of these compounds have been demonstrated
to possess a large spectrum of bioactivities.
Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the antibacterial,
cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of green algae, Cladophora
prolifera (Roth) Kutzing, collected from the northern Mediterranean
coast of Morocco.
Material and Method: The antibacterial activity was determined by
disk diffusion method. After fractionation by column
chromatography, the fractions from C. prolifera were tested against
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the broth microdilution
assay. The antitumor effect on human colon cancer cells was
investigated via sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Then the Crude
extract has been tested in radical-scavenging assays to assess their
antioxidant activity.
Results: In vitro screening of methanolic extract of C. prolifera
showed specific activity to inhibit the growth of five virulent strains
of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922),
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus
(ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Klebsiella
pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). The obtained results indicated that the
extracts of C. prolifera were cytotoxic against HT29 human colon
cancer cells. In addition, based on the capacity of the algae to
scavenge the ABTS radical cation, we revealed that C. prolifera
extract presented a satisfactory antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that C. prolifera has a great
biological potential, which could be considered for future uses in
food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
diverse group of organisms from which many new substances have
been isolated and many of these compounds have been demonstrated
to possess a large spectrum of bioactivities.
Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the antibacterial,
cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of green algae, Cladophora
prolifera (Roth) Kutzing, collected from the northern Mediterranean
coast of Morocco.
Material and Method: The antibacterial activity was determined by
disk diffusion method. After fractionation by column
chromatography, the fractions from C. prolifera were tested against
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the broth microdilution
assay. The antitumor effect on human colon cancer cells was
investigated via sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Then the Crude
extract has been tested in radical-scavenging assays to assess their
antioxidant activity.
Results: In vitro screening of methanolic extract of C. prolifera
showed specific activity to inhibit the growth of five virulent strains
of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922),
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus
(ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Klebsiella
pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). The obtained results indicated that the
extracts of C. prolifera were cytotoxic against HT29 human colon
cancer cells. In addition, based on the capacity of the algae to
scavenge the ABTS radical cation, we revealed that C. prolifera
extract presented a satisfactory antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that C. prolifera has a great
biological potential, which could be considered for future uses in
food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Readers Related Papers MentionsView ImpactThe aim of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant
potential of different e... more The aim of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant
potential of different extracts of Barleria prionitis leaf and stem. The
successive extraction of individual plant part was carried out using
solvents of different polarity viz. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol
and water. The preliminary Phytochemical screening of all the
extracts was done. The present total phenolic contents were estimated
by Folin- Ciocalteu reagent method and expressed as µg/mg of gallic
acid equivalent. The antioxidant potential and reducing power of all
the prepared extracts were measured against DPPH as compared to
standard ascorbic acid, and BHA respectively. The result data
indicated that the phenolic contents were higher in methanolic
extracts of leaf (103.51±0.38 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate
(52.91±0.28 mg/g), aqueous extract (42.02±0.36 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(12.48±0.27 mg/g). The similar pattern in stem part was also
observed, i.e. methanolic extracts (94.37±0.18 mg/g), ethyl acetate
(44.31±0.45 mg/g), water (32.82±0.31 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(8.33±0.21 mg/g). The antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of
both the part, i.e. leaf and stem were founded highest as IC50 values
were 63.41±0.32, 81.69±0.40 respectively. The reducing power was
also highest in the methanol extract of both parts. The result data
conclude that the higher antioxidant as well as reducing power may
be due to present phenolic contents.
potential of different extracts of Barleria prionitis leaf and stem. The
successive extraction of individual plant part was carried out using
solvents of different polarity viz. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol
and water. The preliminary Phytochemical screening of all the
extracts was done. The present total phenolic contents were estimated
by Folin- Ciocalteu reagent method and expressed as µg/mg of gallic
acid equivalent. The antioxidant potential and reducing power of all
the prepared extracts were measured against DPPH as compared to
standard ascorbic acid, and BHA respectively. The result data
indicated that the phenolic contents were higher in methanolic
extracts of leaf (103.51±0.38 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate
(52.91±0.28 mg/g), aqueous extract (42.02±0.36 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(12.48±0.27 mg/g). The similar pattern in stem part was also
observed, i.e. methanolic extracts (94.37±0.18 mg/g), ethyl acetate
(44.31±0.45 mg/g), water (32.82±0.31 mg/g) and n-Hexane
(8.33±0.21 mg/g). The antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of
both the part, i.e. leaf and stem were founded highest as IC50 values
were 63.41±0.32, 81.69±0.40 respectively. The reducing power was
also highest in the methanol extract of both parts. The result data
conclude that the higher antioxidant as well as reducing power may
be due to present phenolic contents.
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