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Marco Biella

University Of Tuebingen, Department of Psychology, Post-Doc

Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Psychology, Alumnus

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Papers

The interaction game: A reciprocity‐based minimal paradigm for the induction of social distance

by Mandy Hütter, Tobias R Rebholz, and Marco Biella

Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Mar 15, 2023

The investigation of how social distance affects psychological phenomena has relied mostly on com... more The investigation of how social distance affects psychological phenomena has relied mostly on comparisons between strangers and acquaintances. Such an operationalization suffers from a confound between social distance and acquaintance. We propose an experimental paradigm that manipulates social distance while avoiding the aforementioned confound. By relying on reciprocity and known social tie formation mechanisms, the Interaction Game provides researchers with a powerful tool for the investigation of social distance effects without inducing negative affective or emotional states. Four preregistered experiments demonstrate the internal and external validity of the paradigm. The capability of manipulating social distance in a targeted manner constitutes a critical step towards advancing our knowledge of the impact of such metrics on human cognition and behavior. Moreover, Experiment 4 demonstrates that the Interaction Game can induce social distance that is free of acquaintanceship, and that such a minimal manipulation is sufficient for inducing close‐other favoritism in a social discounting task. These findings expand our understanding of social distance as a powerful mechanism underlying social judgments and behaviors.

Mixed-Effects Regression Weights (of Advice): Process-Consistent Modeling of Information Sampling and Utilization

by Marco Biella and Tobias R Rebholz

The interaction game: A reciprocity‐based minimal paradigm for the induction of social distance

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Mixed-Effects Regression Weights (of Advice): Process-Consistent Modeling of Information Sampling and Utilization

Navigating the Social Environment: Impression Formation as Function of Goal-Related Information Search Dynamics

Our current understanding of impression formation is based on experiments in which participants h... more Our current understanding of impression formation is based on experiments in which participants have no control over the information they receive. This limits the ecological realism of experimental situations upon which scientific claims are based. We present a research paradigm that gives participants control over the information search by allowing them to collect their own information samples. The present work investigates how people explore the social environment and how the sampled information informs the impressions that people form. Four experiments tested theoretically driven predictions related to information sampling patterns under interested and disinterested information search targeting the trustworthiness of several social targets. Under interested information search, we documented the early truncation of the sampling of social targets that showed untrustworthy behavior early on. Under disinterested information search, participants sampled the social targets more extensi...

Affective components in promoting physical activity: A randomized controlled trial of message framing

Frontiers in Psychology, Sep 12, 2022

Desire for Genital Surgery in Trans Masculine Individuals: The Role of Internalized Transphobia, Transnormativity and Trans Positive Identity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Some trans people experience gender dysphoria, which refers to psychological distress that result... more Some trans people experience gender dysphoria, which refers to psychological distress that results from an incongruence between one’s gender assigned at birth and one’s gender identity. People who are trans masculine or nonbinary assigned-female-at-birth may pursue multiple domains of gender affirmation, including surgical affirmation (e.g., masculine chest reconstruction, penile reconstruction, etc.). The present study aimed to investigate the possible factors involved in trans people’s desire to undergo gender-affirming genital surgery. Trans masculine and nonbinary participants (N = 127; mean age = 26.90) were recruited through a web-based survey and completed self-report instruments (i.e., the Internalized Transphobia subscale of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure, the Trans Positive Identity Measure, the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, an ad hoc scale on transnormativity, and a single-item on desire to undergo genital affirmation surgery). A path a...

Auditory Contexts and Facial Trustworthiness

In two studies, we demonstrated that the percetion of the facial trustworthiness could be biased ... more

Conspiracy theories on Twitter: emerging motifs and temporal dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an upsurge in the spread of diverse conspiracy theories (CTs) w... more The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an upsurge in the spread of diverse conspiracy theories (CTs) with real-life impact. However, the dynamics of user engagement remain under-researched. In the present study, we leverage Twitter data across 11 months in 2020 from the timelines of 109 CT posters and a comparison group (non-CT group) of equal size. Within this approach, we used word embeddings to distinguish non-CT content from CT-related content as well as analysed which element of CT content emerged in the pandemic. Subsequently, we applied time series analyses on the aggregate and individual level to investigate whether there is a difference between CT posters and non-CT posters in non-CT tweets as well as the temporal dynamics of CT tweets. In this regard, we provide a description of the aggregate and individual series, conducted a STL decomposition in trends, seasons, and errors, as well as an autocorrelation analysis, and applied generalised additive mixed models to analyse nonlin...

Not Fair but Acceptable... For us

Pupil dilation and motor cues to approach and avoidance

Twitter Twitter on the Wall, which University's the Fairest of Them All? Exploring brands' social perception on social media using Big Data

Rearranging the face space: An exploration using the spatial arrangement method

The Influence of visual context on the categorization of facial trustworthiness

Split-second detectability of moral characteristics from faces: The biasing effect of visual background

Twitter, Twitter delle mie brame, come sono le università italiane? Esplorare la percezione sociale delle università italiane su Twitter tramite i Big Data

All that meets the eye: The contribution of reward processing and pupil mimicry on pupillary reactions to facial trustworthiness

Current Psychology, 2021

Faces and Sounds Becoming One: Cross-Modal Integration of Facial and Auditory Cues in Judging Trustworthiness

Social Cognition, 2021

Face processing has mainly been investigated by presenting facial expressions without any context... more Face processing has mainly been investigated by presenting facial expressions without any contextual information. However, in everyday interactions with others, the sight of a face is often accompanied by contextual cues that are processed either visually or under different sensory modalities. Here, we tested whether the perceived trustworthiness of a face is influenced by the auditory context in which that face is embedded. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated trustworthiness from faces that were surrounded by either threatening or non-threatening auditory contexts. Results showed that faces were judged more untrustworthy when accompanied by threatening auditory information. Experiment 2 replicated the effect in a design that disentangled the effects of threatening contexts from negative contexts in general. Thus, perceiving facial trustworthiness involves a cross-modal integration of the face and the level of threat posed by the surrounding context.

Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

Healthcare, 2021

Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, whi... more Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia...

Trust predicts COVID-19 prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions in 23 countries

PLOS ONE, 2021

The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe thr... more The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe threat to individuals’ well-being. While the world at large is waiting that the released vaccines immunize most citizens, public health experts suggest that, in the meantime, it is only through behavior change that the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled. Importantly, the required behaviors are aimed not only at safeguarding one’s own health. Instead, individuals are asked to adapt their behaviors to protect the community at large. This raises the question of which social concerns and moral principles make people willing to do so. We considered in 23 countries (N= 6948) individuals’ willingness to engage in prescribed and discretionary behaviors, as well as country-level and individual-level factors that might drive such behavioral intentions. Results from multilevel multiple regressions, with country as the nesting variable, showed that publicized number of infections were not significant...

The interaction game: A reciprocity‐based minimal paradigm for the induction of social distance

by Mandy Hütter, Tobias R Rebholz, and Marco Biella

Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Mar 15, 2023

The investigation of how social distance affects psychological phenomena has relied mostly on com... more The investigation of how social distance affects psychological phenomena has relied mostly on comparisons between strangers and acquaintances. Such an operationalization suffers from a confound between social distance and acquaintance. We propose an experimental paradigm that manipulates social distance while avoiding the aforementioned confound. By relying on reciprocity and known social tie formation mechanisms, the Interaction Game provides researchers with a powerful tool for the investigation of social distance effects without inducing negative affective or emotional states. Four preregistered experiments demonstrate the internal and external validity of the paradigm. The capability of manipulating social distance in a targeted manner constitutes a critical step towards advancing our knowledge of the impact of such metrics on human cognition and behavior. Moreover, Experiment 4 demonstrates that the Interaction Game can induce social distance that is free of acquaintanceship, and that such a minimal manipulation is sufficient for inducing close‐other favoritism in a social discounting task. These findings expand our understanding of social distance as a powerful mechanism underlying social judgments and behaviors.

Mixed-Effects Regression Weights (of Advice): Process-Consistent Modeling of Information Sampling and Utilization

by Marco Biella and Tobias R Rebholz

The interaction game: A reciprocity‐based minimal paradigm for the induction of social distance

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Mixed-Effects Regression Weights (of Advice): Process-Consistent Modeling of Information Sampling and Utilization

Navigating the Social Environment: Impression Formation as Function of Goal-Related Information Search Dynamics

Our current understanding of impression formation is based on experiments in which participants h... more Our current understanding of impression formation is based on experiments in which participants have no control over the information they receive. This limits the ecological realism of experimental situations upon which scientific claims are based. We present a research paradigm that gives participants control over the information search by allowing them to collect their own information samples. The present work investigates how people explore the social environment and how the sampled information informs the impressions that people form. Four experiments tested theoretically driven predictions related to information sampling patterns under interested and disinterested information search targeting the trustworthiness of several social targets. Under interested information search, we documented the early truncation of the sampling of social targets that showed untrustworthy behavior early on. Under disinterested information search, participants sampled the social targets more extensi...

Affective components in promoting physical activity: A randomized controlled trial of message framing

Frontiers in Psychology, Sep 12, 2022

Desire for Genital Surgery in Trans Masculine Individuals: The Role of Internalized Transphobia, Transnormativity and Trans Positive Identity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Some trans people experience gender dysphoria, which refers to psychological distress that result... more Some trans people experience gender dysphoria, which refers to psychological distress that results from an incongruence between one’s gender assigned at birth and one’s gender identity. People who are trans masculine or nonbinary assigned-female-at-birth may pursue multiple domains of gender affirmation, including surgical affirmation (e.g., masculine chest reconstruction, penile reconstruction, etc.). The present study aimed to investigate the possible factors involved in trans people’s desire to undergo gender-affirming genital surgery. Trans masculine and nonbinary participants (N = 127; mean age = 26.90) were recruited through a web-based survey and completed self-report instruments (i.e., the Internalized Transphobia subscale of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure, the Trans Positive Identity Measure, the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, an ad hoc scale on transnormativity, and a single-item on desire to undergo genital affirmation surgery). A path a...

Auditory Contexts and Facial Trustworthiness

In two studies, we demonstrated that the percetion of the facial trustworthiness could be biased ... more

Conspiracy theories on Twitter: emerging motifs and temporal dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an upsurge in the spread of diverse conspiracy theories (CTs) w... more The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an upsurge in the spread of diverse conspiracy theories (CTs) with real-life impact. However, the dynamics of user engagement remain under-researched. In the present study, we leverage Twitter data across 11 months in 2020 from the timelines of 109 CT posters and a comparison group (non-CT group) of equal size. Within this approach, we used word embeddings to distinguish non-CT content from CT-related content as well as analysed which element of CT content emerged in the pandemic. Subsequently, we applied time series analyses on the aggregate and individual level to investigate whether there is a difference between CT posters and non-CT posters in non-CT tweets as well as the temporal dynamics of CT tweets. In this regard, we provide a description of the aggregate and individual series, conducted a STL decomposition in trends, seasons, and errors, as well as an autocorrelation analysis, and applied generalised additive mixed models to analyse nonlin...

Not Fair but Acceptable... For us

Pupil dilation and motor cues to approach and avoidance

Twitter Twitter on the Wall, which University's the Fairest of Them All? Exploring brands' social perception on social media using Big Data

Rearranging the face space: An exploration using the spatial arrangement method

The Influence of visual context on the categorization of facial trustworthiness

Split-second detectability of moral characteristics from faces: The biasing effect of visual background

Twitter, Twitter delle mie brame, come sono le università italiane? Esplorare la percezione sociale delle università italiane su Twitter tramite i Big Data

All that meets the eye: The contribution of reward processing and pupil mimicry on pupillary reactions to facial trustworthiness

Current Psychology, 2021

Faces and Sounds Becoming One: Cross-Modal Integration of Facial and Auditory Cues in Judging Trustworthiness

Social Cognition, 2021

Face processing has mainly been investigated by presenting facial expressions without any context... more Face processing has mainly been investigated by presenting facial expressions without any contextual information. However, in everyday interactions with others, the sight of a face is often accompanied by contextual cues that are processed either visually or under different sensory modalities. Here, we tested whether the perceived trustworthiness of a face is influenced by the auditory context in which that face is embedded. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated trustworthiness from faces that were surrounded by either threatening or non-threatening auditory contexts. Results showed that faces were judged more untrustworthy when accompanied by threatening auditory information. Experiment 2 replicated the effect in a design that disentangled the effects of threatening contexts from negative contexts in general. Thus, perceiving facial trustworthiness involves a cross-modal integration of the face and the level of threat posed by the surrounding context.

Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

Healthcare, 2021

Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, whi... more Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia...

Trust predicts COVID-19 prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions in 23 countries

PLOS ONE, 2021

The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe thr... more The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe threat to individuals’ well-being. While the world at large is waiting that the released vaccines immunize most citizens, public health experts suggest that, in the meantime, it is only through behavior change that the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled. Importantly, the required behaviors are aimed not only at safeguarding one’s own health. Instead, individuals are asked to adapt their behaviors to protect the community at large. This raises the question of which social concerns and moral principles make people willing to do so. We considered in 23 countries (N= 6948) individuals’ willingness to engage in prescribed and discretionary behaviors, as well as country-level and individual-level factors that might drive such behavioral intentions. Results from multilevel multiple regressions, with country as the nesting variable, showed that publicized number of infections were not significant...