International Political Economy

The article presents the efficiency evaluating results of easily build cowsheds in modern milk production technologies and the use of high-productive milking plants such as "Parallel" and "Carrousel" with 32 machines each and robotic milking systems. It has been established that the new type of premises not only provides comfortable conditions for keeping high-yielding cows, but also reduces labor costs for their maintenance and, most importantly, allows the use of modern high-productive milking plants such as "Parallel" and "Carrousel", as well as the usage of “motivational milking” technology". It has been established that the technology of preparing cows for milking and milking technology provides more complete realization of milk ejection reflex at the installation of the "Parallel" type and robotic milking system. The average intensity of cows’ milk flows at these plants is 30% and 47% higher compared to those of the instal...

Latvijas Universitātes Diasporas un migrācijas pētījumu centrs sadarbībā ar Latvijas Republikas Ārlietu ministriju veica apjomīgu pētījumu par starptautiskās organizācijās strādājošo Latvijas profesionāļu gatavību iesaistīties ciešākā un sistemātiskākā sadarbībā ar valsti. Starptautiskās attiecības vairs nav tikai valdību monopols, to veidošanā iesaistās plašs ieinteresēto pušu loks. Arī starptautiskās organizācijās strādājoši profesionāļi var iesaistīties, piemēram, palīdzot izcelsmes valstij izprast aktualitātes savā mītnes valstī, skaidrojot savas izcelsmes valsts situāciju un daudzos citos veidos. Pētījumā tika aicināti piedalīties diasporas profesionāļi, kas strādā starpvaldību organizācijās (ANO, NATO, EDSO, ESAO, Eiropas Savienības, Eiropas Padomes), to institūcijās, aģentūrās un citās to sistēmām piederīgās organizācijās, kā arī starptautiskās nevalstiskajās organizācijās (cilvēktiesību, dabas aizsardzības un citās jomās). Aptaujā viedokli izteica gan administratīvie speciāl...

Résumé : La relation entre l’intégration financière et la croissance économique revêt toujours un intérêt particulier. Les travaux théoriques et empiriques ont trouvé des résultats mitigés qui peuvent être classés en deux catégories : effets négatifs et effets positifs. En fait, certains auteurs ont montré que la libéralisation du compte de capital n'a pas d'effet significatif sur la croissance économique (Grilli et Milesi-Ferretti 1995 ; Rodrick 1998 ; Kraay 1998 ; O'Donnell 2001; Edison et al 2002). Néanmoins, plusieurs études théoriques et empiriques ont affirmé que la libéralisation du compte de capital peut aider les pays à augmenter leur taux de croissance et à améliorer leur niveau de vie (Gurley et Shaw 1955, McKinnon 1973; Quinn 1997; Levine et Zervos, 1998; Chan-Lau et Chen, 2001 ; Bekaert et al 2005; Levchenko et al 2008; Mensi et al 2010). L'objectif de ce travail consiste à étudier les effets de l'intégration financière sur la croissance économique d...

The Straits of Malacca is one of the world’s busiest and most important shipping lanes. It is a vital artery linking the region’s economy with the rest of the world. Carrying a third of world trade and half of its oil supplies, security in the Straits is a concern of everyone with a stake in the waterway. Located in one of the world’s most vibrant economic growth areas, the Straits is a pivotal link in international trade and transportation. It is therefore not surprising that security in the Straits is a matter of grave concern among the littoral states and internationally. This article offers an holistic perspective on security in the Straits of Malacca. It attempts to counter the tendency by some analysts to view security in the Straits from the restrictive lens of piracy and terrorism, two issues which have dominated discourse on the subject of late. It lays out the extent of the challenges faced by the littoral states in managing security in the Straits and advocates a comprehe...

espanolEl proposito de este documento es revisar el impacto del Capitulo XI del TLCAN en Mexico y determinar si se han alcanzado las expectativas de desarrollo nacional. El analisis se realiza a traves de dos metodos: legal-economico y teorico-practico. Por lo tanto, la influencia del tratado esta determinada tanto en el marco regulatorio de Mexico como en su economia. La inversion extranjera directa no conduce necesariamente al desarrollo nacional y el Capitulo XI del TLCAN, a pesar de todos los cambios en la estructura legal de Mexico, no ha contribuido sustancialmente a su desarrollo. Esto debe tomarse en consideracion como un precedente para los paises de America Latina. EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to review the impact of NAFTA Chapter XIin Mexico, and determine if the expectations of national development have been reached.The analysis is made via two methods: legal-economic and theoretical-practical. Therefore, the influence of the treaty is determined both in Mexico´s ...

Việt Nam là một xã hội đang biến đổi. Sự biến đổi xã hội thường được nhìn qua hai cấp độ đó là cấp độ vĩ mô và cấp độ vi mô. Ở cấp độ vĩ mô, sự biến đổi xã hội được nhìn nhận như là sự thay đổi trong cấu trúc xã hội nói chung, trong khi đó ở cấp độ vi mô, biến đổi xã hội được phân tích thông qua những thay đổi trong lối sống, lối ứng xử của các cá nhân trong xã hội. Bài viết này đề cập đến sự biến đổi xã hội Việt Nam ở cấp độ vi mô bằng cách mô tả một số nét ứng xử của cá nhân trong xã hội Việt Nam đương đại qua hai hiện tượng là bà mẹ đơn thân và hôn nhân đồng tính. Bài viết như một gợi mở về hướng phân tích xã hội học vi mô về sự biến đổi xã hội dựa trên việc phân tích tài liệu sẵn có chứ không phải là một nghiên cứu thực địa hay khảo sát.

Resumo O artigo aborda a institucionalização da política comercial dos Estados Unidos a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, dando ênfase especial aos desenvolvimentos que ocorreram a partir de meados da década de 40 até os anos 80. Para realizarmos esta tarefa, construímos uma narrativa que leva em conta os desenvolvimentos do sistema internacional e da política doméstica norte-americana. Buscamos entender como essas duas estruturas levaram a mudanças no processo de formulação de política comercial, bem como a influência dessas mudanças na política comercial em si, que se tornou menos internacionalista e mais focada na noção de fair trade.

Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing is one of the main issues in the fishery industry. This issue can’t be limited to only developed or developing nations and all nations can be the victim of this act. There are three bottle necks in controlling IUU fishing, first the coastal state, second the flagged state and finally the port state. Many Coastal states are not capable of protecting and monitoring their waters due to high costs; also many flagged states are not eager to monitor their vessels due to the same issue. European Union (EU) as one of the largest seafood consuming region plays an important role in preventing IUU fishing. This paper explains, the case of Korea as the 3rd largest distant water fishing nation in the world. South Korea was listed in the IUU black list in 2013 and was forced by two EU leverages (Normative Power and Market Power) to take necessary actions such as applying proper monitoring systems to all its distant water fishing vessels. Due to th...

El marco jurídico venezolano, otorga responsabilidades informacionales a los ciudadanos a través de mecanismos de participación, siendo uno de estos los Consejos Comunales (CC). En este sentido, el presente artículo propone un modelo de gestión de la información para los CC en Venezuela. La presente investigación es de tipo descriptiva y proyectiva, con un diseño documental y de campo, para ello se aborda teóricamente dicha gestión, mediante el análisis de los enfoques: incremento de la efectividad y ecología de la información; del mismo modo, se elaboró un diagnóstico con las limitaciones presentadas por los voceros de los CC en el cumplimiento de sus funciones informacionales.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic a public health emergency of international concern. South Africa, like many other countries, initiated a multifaceted national response to the pandemic. Self-isolation and quarantine are essential components of the public health response in the country. This paper examined perceptions and preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine during the initial phase of the pandemic in South Africa.MethodsThe analysis used data obtained from an online quantitative survey conducted in all nine provinces using a data-free platform. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the data.ResultsOf 55,823 respondents, 40.1% reported that they may end up in self-isolation or quarantine, 32.6% did not think that they would and 27.4% were unsure. Preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine was 59.0% for self, 53.8% for child and 59.9% for elderly. The odds of perceived possibilit...

Transitional justice is premised on participation that allows local publics to construct, critique and have some ownership over the process. The current scholarship assumes that individuals openly express their views of the process, or that they remain silent. The scholarship has neglected a third, significant form of participation: active withholding of views by saying ‘I don’t know’. This article examines such claims to ignorance and argues that they can provide insight into participation. While both qualitative and quantitative researchers of transitional justice have observed a pervasive pattern of high ‘don’t know’ responses, such claims to ignorance have not been studied. This article develops a theoretical framework that shows that ‘don’t know’ responses are a valuable source of information and argues that they are often an expression of a lack of willingness to respond, rather than genuine ignorance. Drawing on an original corpus of data collected through inter-ethnic focus ...

The present study examines the trade performance of millets, competitiveness and their impact on the country’s growth in the agriculture sector. Empirical findings revealed that Indian millet exports contributed significantly to the global basket from the year 2000–2020 and had a huge potential in the international market. During the year 2011–2020, India’s major exporting partners were neighbouring countries, i.e. Pakistan, Vietnam, Nepal and Saudi Arabia, wherein India exported more than 50% of the country’s millet export. The study looked at India’s comparative advantage of millets by country by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and the results showed that Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Yemen were the major millet importing countries exhibiting RCA value greater than one, indicating that India had a significant advantage in exporting millets to these partner countries during the recent study period (2011–2020). Furthermore, gravity model is calibrated by using the...

The unnecessary flaring of natural gas impacts public and environmental health, contributes to climate change and wastes fuel resources. Though reducing flaring is an emergent global environmental governance priority, progress has been slow. We assess gas flaring policy in the critical case of Nigeria through multi-level governance (MLG) structure. Our analysis assesses policy coherence (leading to progress in reaching shared goals) and divergence (creating tension and undermining progress) amongst sectors and institutional structures across the supranational, federal, state and local government scales. A combined dataset of documents, stakeholder interviews and expert surveys is analysed using Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) and content analysis. We identify the principal actors involved, examine the extent of gas flaring awareness and policy coherence across multiple sectors/policy domains, and assess progress towards Nigeria’s national intended contribution and national polic...

Anais das IV Jornadas Internacionais de Problemas Latino-Americanos: Lutas, Experiências e Debates na América Latina - ISBN 978-950-793-223-6 - Orgs. Paulo Renato da Silva ; Mario Ayala ; Fabricio Pereira da Silva ; Fernando José MartinsO presente trabalho versa acerca da temática do trabalhador fronteiriço no Brasil, para tanto se estuda a concepção de fronteira, cenário o qual esse trabalhador está inserido, tem como objetivo geral analisar a legislação trabalhista existente e as normas internacionais protetoras dos direitos tra- balhistas dos imigrantes. Essa temática é desenvolvida a partir de uma constatação da retomada de fluxos migratórios no Brasil com o processo massificado da globalização, bem como o aumento da circulação de trabalhadores de países fronteiriços em cidades limítrofes em busca de trabalho, e con- sequente problemática da violação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a respeito das condi- ções de trabalho que por muitas vezes é análoga à escravo, ferin...

he sudden rise in the numbers of internally displaced persons in Nigeria has Tbecome an issue of national concern. Many Nigerians have been displaced as a result of natural disaster, ethnic-religion conflicts, communal clash, the ruling of the International Court of Justice, as in the case of ceding Bakassi in Cross River State to the Republic of Cameroon and the Boko Haram insurgency in the North East has increased the number. States of the federation are not immune as they have suffered one form of disaster or the other and people have been displaced from the original homes. This unhealthy situation, if not properly managed will lead to criminality and a new breed of insurgent groups in the country. This paper is therefore designed to examine current trends in the rise of IDPs and consequent security challenges in Nigeria. The study adopts the Frustration-Aggression theory of John Dollard, Leonard Berkowitz and Aubery Tates (1962) is adopted to explain and predict the variables of...

Il est communément admis que la bonne gouvernance joue un rôle indispensable en matière d'attractivité des investissements directs à l'étranger (dorénavant IDE) dans un pays. Est-il le cas pour les pays de l'Afrique du Nord ? Pour résoudre cette problématique, nous avons utilisé l'économétrie de données de panel sur les données collectées sur les cinq pays de l'Afrique du Nord durant la période allant de 1996 à 2017. Les résultats de l'estimation économétrique montrent que trois variables sont statistiquement significatives en l'occurrence l'ouverture commerciale, le PIB par habitant et l'historique des IDE. Cependant, la variable d'intérêt qui est l'indice qui résume la bonne gouvernance dans les cinq pays d'étude est statistiquement non significatif. Cela renvoie à dire que la bonne gouvernance ne joue aucun rôle en matière d'attractivité dans cette partie du monde.

The studies of global social and economic inequalities in social sciences that go beyond "methodological nationalism" are recent but have older roots. The first theories to reflect on the global and trans-regional interconnections and asymmetric regional developments within the capitalist system can be traced back to a Marxian tradition. These theories were critical to the conventional approach to social inequalities (hegemonic in the Western European and US academic centers in the 20th century) restricted to within nation-state boundaries. However, during the last three decades, several new approaches have emerged to capture the construction of social inequalities within the context of transnationalization, which extend beyond defined political units such as the nation-state. Transnationalization is creating a new challenge to social scientists to review critically their premises related to their reference units and to study social inequalities by focusing on social, econ...

This article intends to examine the issues of public debt and austerity policy in the United Kingdom. It attempts to provide an evaluation of fiscal policy under neoliberalism and to consider the relationship between this policy and the macroeconomic performance of the United Kingdom economy. There also seem to be ambiguities among the policy makers about austerity. Therefore, it seems important to examine the issue of government-imposed austerity policies and fiscal deficits. There is a need to borrow to cover the deficits as there is no inflationary pressure in the United Kingdom. Most democratic solutions against any inflationary pressures are to reduce the money in circulation through higher taxes. This study concludes that increased state intervention, as a means to enhance long-term growth, is crucial for achieving economic stability and greater equality.

Labour and the Conservatives are both proposing to employ a tougher approach to immigration if they win the election. But, as Alice Bloch and Sonia McKay explain in this article, there are limitations to ever more punitive approaches to control.

The magnificent rise of China as a superpower in the contemporaneous international system and its increased integration with the global economy is having both direct and indirect effects on Latin American region. The aim of this paper is to identify the main features of Chinese investment in the region and give a descriptive analysis of the impacts it is having on the development of the region. The increase of China investment represents both opportunities and challenges for Latin American economies and suggests where these investments should be more concentrated, taking into consideration both continents and sectors. Lastly, the paper discusses the challenges policy makers in Latin America and China are facing.

The aggravation of global contradictions of the world civilization, which has been analysed for a long time by the leading theorists, is becoming more evident as of late. In contrast, the drastic acceleration of STP, the development of the “smart” knowledge-intensive manufacturing created the premise for the necessary qualitative changes in the existing social model, making it possible to define survival and the progress of the human civilization. Under new conditions there is an unprecedented political-economic repartition challenging the leadership of the nation states and the capabilities of the global supranational organisations. However developing a long-term and robust strategy of making a way out of this raging sea of troubles remains an open question. Assuming that the aforementioned problems seem diversified, they are essentially a single set of issues, resolving which is of current interest. The present book is devoted to finding the answers to these questions.

The nations of the world are now facing decisions of momentus importance to mankind's use of the oceans for decades ahead. At issue is whether the oceans will be used rationally and equitably and for the benefit of all mankind, or whether they will become an arena of unrestrained exploitation and conflicting jurisdictional claims in which even the most advantaged states will be the losers.peer-reviewe