H. Jönsson

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Energy and Technology, Faculty Member

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ORWARE – A simulation model for organic waste handling systems. Part 2: Case study and simulation results

by Ulf Sonesson, H. Jönsson, and B. Frostell

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1997

A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch), for the handling of organic waste in urban a... more A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch), for the handling of organic waste in urban areas has been constructed. The model provides a comprehensive view of the environmental effects, plant nutrient utilisation and energy turnover for this large and complex system. The ORWARE model consists of several sub-models; sewage plant, incineration, landfill, compost, anaerobic digestion, truck transport, transport by sewers,

Effects of including nitrogen emissions from soil in environmental systems analysis of waste management strategies

by Ulf Sonesson and H. Jönsson

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1998

The environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions from soil resulting from the use of organic ferti... more The environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions from soil resulting from the use of organic fertilizers, such as manure, are large compared with the corresponding impacts of mineral fertilizers. However, soil emissions are rarely included in systems analysis of waste management strategies. This study examines whether the inclusion of soil emissions can affect the environmental ranking of systems for managing solid

Formation and Emission of N2O and CH4 from Compost Heaps of Organic Household Waster

by Ulf Sonesson and H. Jönsson

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000

Composting can be a source of N2O andCH4 production. In this investigation, differentcompost heap... more Composting can be a source of N2O andCH4 production. In this investigation, differentcompost heaps of organic household waste weremonitored with the focus on potential formation ofCH4 and N2O in the heaps and emission ofthese gases from the heaps. The studied compost heapshad different compost ages, turning intervals andcompost sizes. The analysed compost gases containedbetween 1–3421 µL of N2O-N L-1 and

The potential for disinfection of separated faecal matter by urea and by peracetic acid for hygienic nutrient recycling

by Ann Albihn and H. Jönsson

Bioresource Technology, 2003

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The potential for self-sanitisation of faecal sludge by intrinsic ammonia

by Jørgen Fidjeland, Ann Albihn, and H. Jönsson

Water Research, 2013

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Inactivation of adenovirus, reovirus and bacteriophages in fecal sludge by pH and ammonia

by Ann Albihn, Jørgen Fidjeland, and H. Jönsson

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

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Comparison of Composing and Urea Treatment for Sanitising of Faecal Matter

by Ann Albihn and H. Jönsson

ABSTRACT The second most nutrient-containing fraction from households, faecal matter, is highly l... more ABSTRACT The second most nutrient-containing fraction from households, faecal matter, is highly likely to con- tain pathogens and thus requires some form of sanitising treatment. Two alternatives for this treatment, composting and urea treatment, were evaluated and compared to storage for 50 days. Thermal composting of faeces together with food waste (35% DM) resulted in a treatment temperature of over 65°C for 3 con- secutive days. However, not all the material maintained this high temperature, i.e. close to the inlet of air. In the urea treatment, the added 3%N-NH3 increased the pH in the faecal material (10% DM) from 8 to >9 within one hour of application ,and resulted in a ,good reduction in the ,indicator organisms ,for bacteria (Salmonella and E-coli D r < 0.7 days), viruses (D r

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Minimisation of odour from composting of food waste through process optimisation - A Nordic collaboration project

by C. Sundberg, Mona Arnold, and H. Jönsson

Source separated urine-nutrient and heavy metal content, water saving and faecal contamination

by H. Jönsson and T. Stenstrom

Water Science and Technology, 1997

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Higher pH and faster decomposition in biowaste composting by increased aeration

Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 2008

Composting of source separated municipal biowaste has at several plants in Scandinavia been hampe... more Composting of source separated municipal biowaste has at several plants in Scandinavia been hampered by low pH. In this study the hypothesis that increased aeration would improve the process was tested in full-scale experiments at two large composting plants. The O2 concentrations were high (>15%) even at the low aeration rates, so the prevailing low pH was not due to an anaerobic process environment. In spite of this, increased aeration rates at the start of the process resulted in higher microbial activity, increased pH and a more stable compost product. At one plant the decomposition rate varied in proportion to the aeration rate, to the extent that the temperatures and O2 concentrations were similar during the early processes even though aeration rates varied between 10 and 50 m3/(h, m3 compost). However, increased aeration caused severe drying of the compost, but at one plant the addition of water was adequate to prevent drying. In conclusion, by increasing the aeration rate...

Bench-scale composting of source-separated human faeces for sanitation

Waste Management, 2009

In urine-diverting toilets, urine and faeces are collected separately so that nutrient content ca... more In urine-diverting toilets, urine and faeces are collected separately so that nutrient content can be recycled unmixed. Faeces should be sanitized before use in agriculture fields due to the presence of possible enteric pathogens. Composting of human faeces with food waste was evaluated as a possible method for this treatment. Temperatures were monitored in three 78-L wooden compost reactors fed with faeces-to-food waste substrates (F:FW) in wet weight ratios of 1:0, 3:1 and 1:1, which were observed for approximately 20 days. To achieve temperatures higher than 15 degrees C above ambient, insulation was required for the reactors. Use of 25-mm thick styrofoam insulation around the entire exterior of the compost reactors and turning of the compost twice a week resulted in sanitizing temperatures (&gt;or=50 degrees C) to be maintained for 8 days in the F:FW=1:1 compost and for 4 days in the F:FW=3:1 compost. In these composts, a reduction of &gt;3 log(10) for E. coli and &gt;4 log(10) for Enterococcus spp. was achieved. The F:FW=1:0 compost, which did not maintain &gt;or=50 degrees C for a sufficiently long period, was not sanitized, as the counts of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. increased between days 11 and 15. This research provides useful information on the design and operation of family-size compost units for the treatment of source-separated faeces and starchy food residues, most likely available amongst the less affluent rural/urban society in Uganda.

Evaluation of faecal contamination and microbial die-off in urine separating sewage systems

by T. Stenstrom and H. Jönsson

Water Science and Technology, 1998

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Substrate composition and moisture in composting source‐separated human faeces and food waste

Environmental Technology, 2009

The composting of a faeces/ash mixture and food waste in relative proportions of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:3... more The composting of a faeces/ash mixture and food waste in relative proportions of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:3 was studied in three successive experiments conducted in Kampala, Uganda in 216 L reactors insulated with 75 mm styrofoam or not insulated. The faeces/ash mixture alone exceeded 50 degrees C for &lt; or = 12 days in insulated reactors, but did not reach or maintain 50 degrees C in non-insulated reactors. Inclusion of food waste kept temperatures above 50 degrees C for over two weeks in insulated reactors except when the substrate was too wet. Escherichia coli and total coliform concentrations decreased below detection in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for at least six days. Enterococcus spp. decreased below detection in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for at least two weeks, but remained detectable after 1.5 months in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for less than two weeks, suggesting that a period of at least two weeks above 50 degrees C, combined with mixing, is needed to achieve sanitation. Initially substrates that were too wet proved a challenge to composting and ways of decreasing substrate moisture should be investigated. The results obtained are applicable to the management of small- to medium-scale composting of faeces/ash and food waste at household and institution levels, e.g. schools and restaurants.

Comparing microbial die-off in separately collected faeces with ash and sawdust additives

by Robinah Kulabako, P. Mugala, and H. Jönsson

Waste Management, 2009

In a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT), the urine and faeces are collected separately in order to... more In a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT), the urine and faeces are collected separately in order to recycle their nutrient content unmixed. In a UDDT, an additive e.g. lime, wood ash, dry soil or sawdust, depending on which one is easily accessed by the users, is usually sprinkled to the faeces after each defecation. The purpose of the additive is primarily to keep away the flies and odours and to contribute to primary treatment of the faeces. In this paper, ash and sawdust were applied separately to source-separated faeces during the collection phase, and then the die-off of indicators and pathogens in the mixtures was studied. The die-off of E. coli in the faeces/ash mixture was faster initially (first 7 days) compared to that achieved in the faeces/sawdust mixture even though the die-off achieved after 30-50 days was nearly similar for both mixtures. E. coli was not detected in faeces/ash after about 2 months, but was detected after 2 months in the faeces/sawdust mixture. Enterococcus spp. did not decrease below detection in faeces/ash or faeces/sawdust mixture but higher numbers (difference of about 2 logs) were detected at all times in faeces/sawdust than in faeces/ash mixture. The difference in the die-off in the mixtures of faeces/ash and faeces/sawdust was attributed to the differences in the characteristics of the additives, namely, high alkaline mineral content (giving high pH) and lower moisture content of ash compared to sawdust. It is recommended to increase use of ash as additive over sawdust in urine diversion dry toilets.