Constantinos Balaras | National Observatory of Athens - Academia.edu

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Constantinos Balaras

National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, Research Director

National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, Research Director |

Mechanical Engineer, PhD (1988) & MSc (1985) in thermal sciences from Georgia Institute of Technology, and BSc (1984) in energy from Michigan Technological University. Leader of Group Energy Conservation; Research Director at IERSD-NOA, Athens, Greece. R&DD interests in the areas of energy conservation, high performing buildings, thermal and solar building applications, building energy audits-diagnosis and refurbishment, national regulations - technical guidelines – software tools for EPBD transposition, environmental impact of buildings, indoor environmental quality, thermal energy systems and building thermal simulations, solar air-conditioning. EUR ING, Technical Chamber of Greece (Chartered Mechanical Engineer), Fellow ASME, Fellow ASHRAE.
www.linkedin.com/in/costasbalaras
www.facebook.com/GRoupEnergyConservation/
www.meteo.noa.gr

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203 Followers | 24 Following | 27 Co-authors | —Total Views

Papers

Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

Applied Sciences

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrif... more In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), w...

Download Free PDF

Climate Change Scenarios and Their Implications on the Energy Performance of Hellenic Non-Residential Buildings

Sustainability

It is important to understand how the climate is changing in order to prepare for the future, ada... more It is important to understand how the climate is changing in order to prepare for the future, adapt if necessary, and, most importantly, take proper precautionary measures to alleviate major negative impacts. This work investigates the potential impacts of climate change on the anticipated energy performance of the existing Hellenic building stock until the end of the century. The assessment considers average climatic projections for two future time periods, one for the near and one for the distant future, following two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The first one is a baseline scenario (RCP8.5) representing the highest greenhouse gas emissions. The second is an intermediate stabilization scenario (RCP4.5), assuming the imposition of conservative emissions mitigation policies. The future climate data are generated for 62 cities throughout Greece. As a case study, the work focuses on Hellenic non-residential (NR) whole buildings, analyzing available data collected duri...

Download Free PDF

Benchmarks for Embodied and Operational Energy Assessment of Hellenic Single-Family Houses

Energies, 2020

Building energy performance benchmarking increases awareness and enables stakeholders to make bet... more Building energy performance benchmarking increases awareness and enables stakeholders to make better informed decisions for designing, operating, and renovating sustainable buildings. In the era of nearly zero energy buildings, the embodied energy along with operational energy use are essential for evaluating the environmental impacts and building performance throughout their lifecycle. Key metrics and baselines for the embodied energy intensity in representative Hellenic houses are presented in this paper. The method is set up to progressively cover all types of buildings. The lifecycle analysis was performed using the well-established SimaPro software package and the EcoInvent lifecycle inventory database, complemented with national data from short energy audits carried out in Greece. The operational energy intensity was estimated using the national calculation engine for assessing the building’s energy performance and the predictions were adapted to obtain more realistic estimate...

Download Free PDF

Urban Sustainability Audits and Ratings of the Built Environment

Energies, 2019

Buildings and the built environment in cities are seen as both a source of, and solution to, toda... more Buildings and the built environment in cities are seen as both a source of, and solution to, today’s economic, environmental and social challenges. The audit process to collect data and rate their sustainability levels is a demanding process given the complexity of the issues involved. Stakeholders often lack advanced knowledge on the sustainability issues involved, access to practical tools that match the local priorities and the overall resources to diagnose and evaluate the current state, analyse, assess and rank different scenarios, and monitor implementation and progress towards meeting sustainable development goals and local priorities. A new multicriteria European built environment assessment method that is supported by practical tools was developed in a transnational collaborative effort to support the assessment, planning, monitoring and overall decision-making process for rating the sustainability at the building or neighbourhood scale. The assessment system addresses the ...

Download Free PDF

Hellenic Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings – An Update on EPBD Transposition in Greece

Beig - Investimmo Building Environmental Impact Guidelines

ABSTRACT

EPIQR – TOBUS –XENIOS – INVESTIMMO, European Methodologies & Software Tools for Building Refurbishment, Assessment of Energy Savings and IEQ

ABSTRACT

Bdag - Investimmo Building Deterioration Assessment Guidelines

ABSTRACT

Building Typologies and the Assessment of the Energy Conservation Potential in the Residential Sector - The Tabula Project

Building typologies can be used as an instrument for the in-depth understanding of the energy per... more Building typologies can be used as an instrument for the in-depth understanding of the energy performance of a building stock. In the framework of the IEE-project TABULA, a harmonised structure for European building typologies has been developed. The project focuses on the residential building sector, but the methodology can be extended to the tertiary sector as well. National typologies are sets of model buildings with characteristic energy-related properties representative of the national building stock. In the case of Greece, the classification of buildings is based on the age and size of the buildings and the climatic variability in the country. This paper gives a short overview of the TABULA project together with a description of the Hellenic building typology and some results from its application as a tool to get an insight of the national residential building stock and to assess typical and advanced energy conservation measures in an effort to meet the 9% indicative national ...

Building Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency - A Cost Effective National Energy Resource

Overview of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions & potential energy savings... more Overview of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions & potential energy savings. New results from the ongoing work in EPISCOPE (http://episcope.eu) to implement adaptation factors for more realistic estimates of energy performance and potential energy savings from the refurbishment of residential buildings. The presentation was made at the Int. Symposium for the Promotion of the Participation of People in Innovative Schemes, public, private, People partnerships (ppPp model), for the Reduction of Energy Cost. The event was co-organized by ERFC - European Regional Framework for Co-operation, Panteion University, General Secretaries Association of the Municipalities in Greece and SD MED, at the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens.

An Overview of the New Hellenic Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings (KENAK)

The main legislative instrument for improving the energy efficiency of the European building stoc... more The main legislative instrument for improving the energy efficiency of the European building stock is the European Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) and the EPBD recast (Directive 2010/31/EC). In Greece, EPBD transposition was enacted by the national law N.3661/2008. The “Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings – KENAK” outlines the general calculation approach that is in accordance to European standards. All necessary technical specifications and information for the implementation of KENAK are included in four new technical guidelines (TOTEE 20701/2010) prepared by the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE), which are also supported by a software (TEE-KENAK). Specific issues on the professional qualifications, training, accreditation, control mechanisms and regulatory framework for the experts to perform the energy audits of buildings, and inspections of heating and air-conditioning systems, are handled by a Presidential Decree (PD 100/2010). I...

Presentation ppt material

Ενεργειακή Συμπεριφορά Ελληνικών Κατοικιών - Το Πρόγραμμα EPISCOPE (Symposium Presentation in Greek) Energy Performance of Hellenic Dwellings – The EPISCOPE project

A presentation in Greek with an overview of the Hellenic pilot project and relevant work carried ... more

ΑΠΟΤΥΠΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΚΤΙΡΙΩΝ ΜΕΣΩ ΤΩΝ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΩΝ ΠΙΣΤΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΩΝ (Written in Greek) Mapping the Energy Performance of Hellenic Buildings Through the Energy Certificates

Paper is written in Greek. English Abstract: The building sector has a large energy and environme... more Paper is written in Greek. English Abstract: The building sector has a large energy and environmental footprint, since it is responsible for about 40% of global energy used, and as much as one third of global greenhouse gas emissions. The present work is an effort to get a first overview of the energy behavior of the Hellenic buildings in their existing condition, by exploiting the data included in the issued Building Energy Performance Certificates (EPC). In addition, energy conservation measures proposed or implemented are investigated in order to define the most common for each building type. From the issued Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) up to June 2014, the breakdown for the domestic sector is 15% for single family houses and 85% for multifamily houses (buildings or apartments). For the tertiary sector the corresponding breakdown is 56% for commercial buildings and 16% for. The analysis Από την πρώτη ανάλυση των δεδομένων επιβεβαιώνεται ότι τα κτίρια παρουσιάζουν χαμηλή ...

Energy performance of European buildings

Proceedings of the Energy Sustainability Conference 2007, 2007

ABSTRACT The existing buildings stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy... more ABSTRACT The existing buildings stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union (EU) member states. Consequently, an increase of building energy performance can constitute an important instrument in the efforts to alleviate the EU energy import dependency and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is also in accordance to the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), which is currently under implementation in all EU member states. This paper presents an overview of EPBD and ongoing national activities, and focus on building energy performance assessment methodologies, in line with the EPBD. These methods and software can be used to perform building energy audits and assess buildings in a uniform way, perform demand and savings calculations, provide owners with specific advice for measures that can improve energy performance, and issue an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) for existing buildings. Another ongoing European project is developing a common database structure and an evaluation scheme, which is being used to collect, process and evaluate data from 12 European countries. The results will constitute a good basis for the implementation of harmonized monitoring systems in the building sector on regional and national level.

Use of buried pipes for energy conservation in cooling of agricultural greenhouses

Solar Energy, 1995

Download Free PDF

Evaluating the need for economic support policies in promoting greenhouse gas emission reduction measures in the building sector: The case of Greece

Energy Policy, 2006

During the last decade the CO2 emissions from the residential and tertiary sectors have been risi... more During the last decade the CO2 emissions from the residential and tertiary sectors have been rising continuously. This is cause for concern but also an area to be targeted for emission reduction measures in national action plans. This paper proposes a methodological framework, using the Greek building sector (characterized by an aging building stock constructed mostly in the period before 1980) as a case study for the examination of the economic attractiveness of possible measures, which incorporates crucial parameters such as local climate, use of buildings, age of building stock, etc. that affect the energy conservation potential and consequently the economic performance of available measures. Utilizing this framework, the approach is able to classify measures into three categories, namely ‘win–win’ cases (i.e. where the implementation of emission reduction measures presents a net economic benefit for end-users), measures that require the implementation of appropriate economic support policies in order to make them economically attractive for end-users, and measures that have excessive cost. The results indicate that the emissions reduction potential of ‘win–win’ cases is significant. They also demonstrate how individual measures can provide significant reductions if carefully targeted economic support policies are applied. Finally, sensitivity analyses performed with respect to the discount rate applied indicate that it has a substantial impact on the economic performance of some measures and consequently on the magnitude of the ‘win–win’ potential associated to emissions reduction.

Empirical assessment of the Hellenic non-residential building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings

Energy Conversion and Management, 2007

Download Free PDF

On the energy consumption and indoor air quality in office and hospital buildings in Athens, Hellas

Energy Conversion and Management, 1994

Download Free PDF

Energy certification of Hellenic buildings: First findings

Energy and Buildings, 2013

Download Free PDF

Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

Applied Sciences

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrif... more In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), w...

Download Free PDF

Climate Change Scenarios and Their Implications on the Energy Performance of Hellenic Non-Residential Buildings

Sustainability

It is important to understand how the climate is changing in order to prepare for the future, ada... more It is important to understand how the climate is changing in order to prepare for the future, adapt if necessary, and, most importantly, take proper precautionary measures to alleviate major negative impacts. This work investigates the potential impacts of climate change on the anticipated energy performance of the existing Hellenic building stock until the end of the century. The assessment considers average climatic projections for two future time periods, one for the near and one for the distant future, following two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The first one is a baseline scenario (RCP8.5) representing the highest greenhouse gas emissions. The second is an intermediate stabilization scenario (RCP4.5), assuming the imposition of conservative emissions mitigation policies. The future climate data are generated for 62 cities throughout Greece. As a case study, the work focuses on Hellenic non-residential (NR) whole buildings, analyzing available data collected duri...

Download Free PDF

Benchmarks for Embodied and Operational Energy Assessment of Hellenic Single-Family Houses

Energies, 2020

Building energy performance benchmarking increases awareness and enables stakeholders to make bet... more Building energy performance benchmarking increases awareness and enables stakeholders to make better informed decisions for designing, operating, and renovating sustainable buildings. In the era of nearly zero energy buildings, the embodied energy along with operational energy use are essential for evaluating the environmental impacts and building performance throughout their lifecycle. Key metrics and baselines for the embodied energy intensity in representative Hellenic houses are presented in this paper. The method is set up to progressively cover all types of buildings. The lifecycle analysis was performed using the well-established SimaPro software package and the EcoInvent lifecycle inventory database, complemented with national data from short energy audits carried out in Greece. The operational energy intensity was estimated using the national calculation engine for assessing the building’s energy performance and the predictions were adapted to obtain more realistic estimate...

Download Free PDF

Urban Sustainability Audits and Ratings of the Built Environment

Energies, 2019

Buildings and the built environment in cities are seen as both a source of, and solution to, toda... more Buildings and the built environment in cities are seen as both a source of, and solution to, today’s economic, environmental and social challenges. The audit process to collect data and rate their sustainability levels is a demanding process given the complexity of the issues involved. Stakeholders often lack advanced knowledge on the sustainability issues involved, access to practical tools that match the local priorities and the overall resources to diagnose and evaluate the current state, analyse, assess and rank different scenarios, and monitor implementation and progress towards meeting sustainable development goals and local priorities. A new multicriteria European built environment assessment method that is supported by practical tools was developed in a transnational collaborative effort to support the assessment, planning, monitoring and overall decision-making process for rating the sustainability at the building or neighbourhood scale. The assessment system addresses the ...

Download Free PDF

Hellenic Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings – An Update on EPBD Transposition in Greece

Beig - Investimmo Building Environmental Impact Guidelines

ABSTRACT

EPIQR – TOBUS –XENIOS – INVESTIMMO, European Methodologies & Software Tools for Building Refurbishment, Assessment of Energy Savings and IEQ

ABSTRACT

Bdag - Investimmo Building Deterioration Assessment Guidelines

ABSTRACT

Building Typologies and the Assessment of the Energy Conservation Potential in the Residential Sector - The Tabula Project

Building typologies can be used as an instrument for the in-depth understanding of the energy per... more Building typologies can be used as an instrument for the in-depth understanding of the energy performance of a building stock. In the framework of the IEE-project TABULA, a harmonised structure for European building typologies has been developed. The project focuses on the residential building sector, but the methodology can be extended to the tertiary sector as well. National typologies are sets of model buildings with characteristic energy-related properties representative of the national building stock. In the case of Greece, the classification of buildings is based on the age and size of the buildings and the climatic variability in the country. This paper gives a short overview of the TABULA project together with a description of the Hellenic building typology and some results from its application as a tool to get an insight of the national residential building stock and to assess typical and advanced energy conservation measures in an effort to meet the 9% indicative national ...

Building Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency - A Cost Effective National Energy Resource

Overview of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions & potential energy savings... more Overview of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions & potential energy savings. New results from the ongoing work in EPISCOPE (http://episcope.eu) to implement adaptation factors for more realistic estimates of energy performance and potential energy savings from the refurbishment of residential buildings. The presentation was made at the Int. Symposium for the Promotion of the Participation of People in Innovative Schemes, public, private, People partnerships (ppPp model), for the Reduction of Energy Cost. The event was co-organized by ERFC - European Regional Framework for Co-operation, Panteion University, General Secretaries Association of the Municipalities in Greece and SD MED, at the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens.

An Overview of the New Hellenic Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings (KENAK)

The main legislative instrument for improving the energy efficiency of the European building stoc... more The main legislative instrument for improving the energy efficiency of the European building stock is the European Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) and the EPBD recast (Directive 2010/31/EC). In Greece, EPBD transposition was enacted by the national law N.3661/2008. The “Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings – KENAK” outlines the general calculation approach that is in accordance to European standards. All necessary technical specifications and information for the implementation of KENAK are included in four new technical guidelines (TOTEE 20701/2010) prepared by the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE), which are also supported by a software (TEE-KENAK). Specific issues on the professional qualifications, training, accreditation, control mechanisms and regulatory framework for the experts to perform the energy audits of buildings, and inspections of heating and air-conditioning systems, are handled by a Presidential Decree (PD 100/2010). I...

Presentation ppt material

Ενεργειακή Συμπεριφορά Ελληνικών Κατοικιών - Το Πρόγραμμα EPISCOPE (Symposium Presentation in Greek) Energy Performance of Hellenic Dwellings – The EPISCOPE project

A presentation in Greek with an overview of the Hellenic pilot project and relevant work carried ... more

ΑΠΟΤΥΠΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΚΤΙΡΙΩΝ ΜΕΣΩ ΤΩΝ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΩΝ ΠΙΣΤΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΩΝ (Written in Greek) Mapping the Energy Performance of Hellenic Buildings Through the Energy Certificates

Paper is written in Greek. English Abstract: The building sector has a large energy and environme... more Paper is written in Greek. English Abstract: The building sector has a large energy and environmental footprint, since it is responsible for about 40% of global energy used, and as much as one third of global greenhouse gas emissions. The present work is an effort to get a first overview of the energy behavior of the Hellenic buildings in their existing condition, by exploiting the data included in the issued Building Energy Performance Certificates (EPC). In addition, energy conservation measures proposed or implemented are investigated in order to define the most common for each building type. From the issued Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) up to June 2014, the breakdown for the domestic sector is 15% for single family houses and 85% for multifamily houses (buildings or apartments). For the tertiary sector the corresponding breakdown is 56% for commercial buildings and 16% for. The analysis Από την πρώτη ανάλυση των δεδομένων επιβεβαιώνεται ότι τα κτίρια παρουσιάζουν χαμηλή ...

Energy performance of European buildings

Proceedings of the Energy Sustainability Conference 2007, 2007

ABSTRACT The existing buildings stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy... more ABSTRACT The existing buildings stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union (EU) member states. Consequently, an increase of building energy performance can constitute an important instrument in the efforts to alleviate the EU energy import dependency and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is also in accordance to the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), which is currently under implementation in all EU member states. This paper presents an overview of EPBD and ongoing national activities, and focus on building energy performance assessment methodologies, in line with the EPBD. These methods and software can be used to perform building energy audits and assess buildings in a uniform way, perform demand and savings calculations, provide owners with specific advice for measures that can improve energy performance, and issue an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) for existing buildings. Another ongoing European project is developing a common database structure and an evaluation scheme, which is being used to collect, process and evaluate data from 12 European countries. The results will constitute a good basis for the implementation of harmonized monitoring systems in the building sector on regional and national level.

Use of buried pipes for energy conservation in cooling of agricultural greenhouses

Solar Energy, 1995

Download Free PDF

Evaluating the need for economic support policies in promoting greenhouse gas emission reduction measures in the building sector: The case of Greece

Energy Policy, 2006

During the last decade the CO2 emissions from the residential and tertiary sectors have been risi... more During the last decade the CO2 emissions from the residential and tertiary sectors have been rising continuously. This is cause for concern but also an area to be targeted for emission reduction measures in national action plans. This paper proposes a methodological framework, using the Greek building sector (characterized by an aging building stock constructed mostly in the period before 1980) as a case study for the examination of the economic attractiveness of possible measures, which incorporates crucial parameters such as local climate, use of buildings, age of building stock, etc. that affect the energy conservation potential and consequently the economic performance of available measures. Utilizing this framework, the approach is able to classify measures into three categories, namely ‘win–win’ cases (i.e. where the implementation of emission reduction measures presents a net economic benefit for end-users), measures that require the implementation of appropriate economic support policies in order to make them economically attractive for end-users, and measures that have excessive cost. The results indicate that the emissions reduction potential of ‘win–win’ cases is significant. They also demonstrate how individual measures can provide significant reductions if carefully targeted economic support policies are applied. Finally, sensitivity analyses performed with respect to the discount rate applied indicate that it has a substantial impact on the economic performance of some measures and consequently on the magnitude of the ‘win–win’ potential associated to emissions reduction.

Empirical assessment of the Hellenic non-residential building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings

Energy Conversion and Management, 2007

Download Free PDF

On the energy consumption and indoor air quality in office and hospital buildings in Athens, Hellas

Energy Conversion and Management, 1994

Download Free PDF

Energy certification of Hellenic buildings: First findings

Energy and Buildings, 2013

Download Free PDF