Fungal Diversity

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of ‘Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’ in 2008 are provided. The notes includ...

Ranghoo, V.M., Hyde, K.D., Liew, E.C.Y and Spatafora, lW. (1999). Family placement of Ascotaiwania and Ascolacicola based on DNA sequences from the large subunit rRNA gene. Fungal Diversity 2: 159-168. The family placement of Ascotaiwania and Ascolacicola have been analysed by using partial sequences of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA). The 5' end of the LSU rDNA was included in the analysis, which consisted of species from the Diaporthales, Halosphaeriales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Sordariales and Xylariales. The resulting trees indicate that Ascotaiwania is unrelated to the Annulatascaceae. A close relationship between the anamorphs of the different species of Ascotaiwania were found and they were closely related to Monotosporella setosa, the type species of Monotosporella. Based on morphological characters, production of different anamorphs, and the sequence analysis, it was found that Ascolacicola differs from Ascotaiwania. Ascolacicola was most closely related t...

Phylloplane fungi associated with the leaves of Vitex negundo Linn., (Perennial Medicinal Plant) collected from Bhadrachalam forest localities of Telangana region has been worked out for a period of 12 months (2015-2016) at monthly intervals using dilution plate technique and leaf impression methods respectively. Fungi have been identified up to species level. Altogether 127 fungal species belonging to 61 genera are recorded. There is not much difference in the fungal species composition of abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. 16 fungi have been reported as new additions to the fungi of Telangana state. This is the first report of phylloplane fungi of Vitex negundo Linn.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by dimorphic yeasts which belong to the genus Candida. Oral candidiasis (OC) is the commonest fungal infection affecting human beings. It affects the oral mucosa. These lesions are caused by the yeast Candida albicans. We report a case of Saudi male patient with oral candidiasis who was treated successfully with antifungal therapy.

Fungi found in diverse places which depends on
environmental conditions and nutritional availability in the soil. Most of the fungi are saprophytic in nature, some are symbiotic and some are parasitic cause infections in plants and animals. Feather samples and soil from the selected poultry sites were collected and cultured using hair baiting technique. From hair baiting master plate the grown keratinolytic fungi were sub-cultured on sabouraud’s dextrose agar and incubated at 25-27˚C for 3-4 days. The grown keratinolytic fungi colonies are identified microscopically by standard keys and monographs. Out of 300 samples were subjected for screening only 221 samples were found to be positive for presence of keratinolyticfungi, which were  belongs to 12 species of 4 genera viz, Chrysosporium indicum (13.00%), Chrysosporium tropicum (7.33%), Chrysosporium lobatum (6.33%), Microsporum gypseum (5.67%), Microsporum nanum (5.33%), Trichophyton terrestre (5.33%), Crysosporium keratinophillum (5.00%), Trichophyton rubrum (5.00%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.67%), Microsporum canis (4.67%),Trichophyton ajelloi (3.00%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (2.67%) isolated and identified. Study reveals that, Chrysosporium indicum (13.00%) was the dominant keratin degrading species in all the sampling sites, due to the well adaptation of the species for Indian climatic conditions and most of all chrysosporium species were isolated found abundant in all 10 poultry sampling sites and Among all the 10 sampling sites, Shivamogga city and Bhadravati town showed highest fungal distribution of 90% due to highest amount of keratin waste dumping.

Mycological examination of 48 samples of sorghum grains obtained from farmers’ households in two districts (Dawa Chefa and Kemise) of Northeastern Ethiopia resulted in 1087 fungal isolates separated into 55 morphotaxa (3 of which unidentified) belonging to 13 genera. The genera include Aspergillus, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Bipolaris, Botrytis, Cercosporella, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and Trichoderma. Aspergillus, dominated (46% of all the mycoflora) followed by Penicillium (15.7%) and Bipolaris having the lowest occurrence (0.7%). About 45% of the samples of the sorghum seeds were found infected by more than one fungus, more isolates were obtained in samples collected from mid altitude zones whereas highly diversified fungi samples were observed in low agro-ecological zones with the highest Shannon diversity index obtained from Kemise district (H’= 1.99864) whereas highly diversified (H’=2.20718) morphotaxa were encountered at Qello.

Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most diverse class of ascomycetes. Its members are reported from many plant parts, but less has been reported from wild seed pods and fruits. Dothideomycetes can be seed-borne or colonize fruits and seed pods when they fall to the ground. We studied the Dothideomycetes found on wild fruits and seed pods, mainly in Thailand (tropical), and to a lesser extent, in China (temperate) and UK (temperate). We describe eight new genera, 50 new species, provide 38 new host records and propose seven new combinations. The new genera are: Amorocoelophoma (Amorosiaceae),