Ottoman Armenians

Bu çalışmada Sultan II. Abdülhamid dönemi Hariciye Nazırlarından Mehmed Said Paşa’nın biyografisi ortaya konmuştur. Memuriyet hayatı Tanzimat devrinde başlayan Said Paşa’nın Mülkiye ve Hariciye arasında salınan kariyeri süresince müdahil olduğu olaylar incelenmiştir. Paşanın Mülkiye görevleri ve Hariciye nazırlıkları döneminde imparatorluğu ilgilendiren temel sorunlar ele alınmış, bu sorunların Said Paşa’nın
kariyerine yaptığı etkiler tespit edilmiştir. Paşanın Mülkiye mesleği içindeki görev alanları imparatorluğun sınır bölgelerindeki mutasarrıflık ve vilayetlerden oluşmaktadır. Suriye Vilayeti Umur ı Ecnebiye Müdürlüğü (politika memurluğu) görevinden itibaren stratejik önemdeki idari birimlerde ve teftiş komisyonlarında görev almıştır. Bu görevlerde edindiği
birikim, paşayı Hariciye Nazırlığına taşımıştır. Said Paşa’nın Hariciye Nazırlığı dönemine ait temel meseleler Doğu Rumeli, Berlin Kongresi, Ermeni Meselesi ve zenci esir ticareti konularıdır. Yönetim gücünün Babıali’den Yıldız Sarayı’na geçtiği bir dönemde görev yapan Said Paşa’nın II. Abdülhamid idaresi içindeki konumu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla Hariciye Nazırlığı gibi önemli bir makamda kesintisiz en uzun süre görev yapan devlet adamlarından biri olan Said Paşa’nın Tanzimat’tan II. Abdülhamid dönemine uzanan hayatı ve politik faaliyetlerine ışık tutulmuştur.

The Hrant Dink Foundation will organize an international conference titled 'Minority Rights in the Centennial of the Republic' on November 17-18, 2023 in Istanbul. The conference seeks to analyze in detail the rights of individuals belonging to ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, the problems faced by minorities living in Turkey, and the solutions to these problems.

Fransiz Ihtilâli ile dunyaya yayilan milliyetcilik dalgasi bircok etnik grubu bunyesinde barindiran imparatorluklari etkilemistir. Milliyetcilik dalgasindan etkilenen imparatorluklardan biri de Osmanli Imparatorlugu olmustur. Rusya’nin sicak denizlere inme politikalari I. Petro donemi (1672-1725)’ne kadar uzanmaktadir. Bogazlardan guneye inemeyen Rusya, Erzurum-Iskenderun Hattini ele gecirmek icin yeni stratejiler gelistirmistir. Bunun icin 1774 yilinda imzalanan Kucuk Kaynarca Antlasmasi ile Osmanli Imparatorlugu’ndaki Ortodoks Hiristiyanlarin himaye edilmesinde soz hakki elde etmistir. Ayrica Patrik Nerses Varjabedyan’in gayretleri sonucu Ermenilerin Ayastefanos Antlasmasi’na dâhil edilmesini saglamistir. Ancak Ayastefanos Antlasmasi'nin yerine, Ingiltere’nin girisimiyle; Ingiltere, Avusturya, Fransa, Almanya, Rusya ve Osmanli Devleti arasinda Berlin Antlasmasi imzalanmistir. Diplomatik alanda istediklerini alamayan Rusya farkli stratejileri denemeye baslamistir. Oncelikle Erm...

Սույն հոդվածաշարի նպատակն է գոնե թղթի վրա փրկել հիմնականում գանձախույզներից տարբեր միջոցներով ձեռք բերված լուսանկարներից մեզ հայտնի դարձած և երբևէ չուսումնասիրված անշարժ և շարժական հուշարձանների պատմական, ինչպես նաև գրչագրական արժեք ներկայացնող արձանագրությունները՝ համոզված լինելով, որ դրանց մեծագույն մասն անխուսափելիորեն արժանանալու է հայկական ոչնչացված բյուրավոր հուշարձանների ճակատագրին:

Türkiye'de siyasi partiler "Yeniçeri Ocağı" gibi çalışırsa? "Mademki Türkiye'de bu kadar siyasi parti kuruldu, niçin demokrasi vaktiyle tahakkuk etmedi? Bu soruya Ali Kemal'in yazdıklarını okuduktan sonra, belki de şöyle cevap verebiliriz: Türkiye'de kurulan siyasi partiler eğer ocak haline gelmeyi becerebilirler ise uzun ömürlü oluyorlar. Ama bir siyasi parti ocak haline geldiği zaman mensupları demokratik sistemin altını oyuyor ve kurumlarını tahrip ediyor. Böylece, demokratik rejim işlemez hale gelerek şahsileşiyor."

In line with the stages that humanity has gone through, the technique of putting information on paper with symbols has evolved gradually. Modern printing techniques evolved from early printing techniques and materials. Subjects of the Ottoman Empire closely followed advances in Europe, and the printing press was introduced there. Armenians significantly advanced printing and publishing in the Ottoman and Turkish Republic eras. They established printing facilities and published books, periodicals, newspapers, and other things. While carrying out these activities, they sometimes received awards, but they had problems in some periods. Due to some of the contents in the materials they published, they were punished such as closing the newspapers and magazines, having the books confiscated, or not being brought into the country. The Turkish government has also closely followed materials published abroad. While examining the minority press in the Ottoman and Turkish Republics, this article...

ÖZET Osmanlı Devleti’nde 19. yüzyıldaki modernleşme süreci, seyahat ve konaklama sisteminde de önemli değişikliklere sebep olmuş ve bu değişim kaçınılmaz olarak konaklama yapılarının biçimlenmesinde de etkili olmuştur. Galata ve Pera Bölgesi, İstanbul’da birçok alanda olduğu gibi, otel yapımı ve işletimi konusunda da ilk örnekleri sergilemiştir.

1990’larda Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) dağılması, uluslararası sistemde büyük değişimleri getirmiş ve bu değişimden yararlanan SSCB ülkeleri; Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Ermenistan, Kazakistan, Kırgızıstan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan, Tacikistan, Estonya, Letonya, Litvanya, Moldova, Beyaz Rusya ve Ukrayna kendi bağımsızlıklarını ilan etmişlerdir. Fakat bağımsızlık kazanan ülkeler üzerinde merkezi yönetimin kaybolması, donmuş sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuş ve 1988 yılında temeli atılan Dağlık Karabağ sorunu bağlamında, Azerbaycan – Ermenistan çatışması ortaya çıkmıştır. ...

In the latter years of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish-Armenian Relations was one of the issues that regularly dominated the nation's political and intellectual life. Some writers were able to convey a heated topic of the time using symbols rather than by speaking directly to the issue. This approach has also been followed by certain authors who are concerned that criticizing the present administration and its policies may result in fines or punishments. By employing symbols, making up fictional characters to represent both their own and the other party's thinking, and telling tales about actual events and concepts, they were able to do away with these fines and penalties. Ömer Seyfettin's "Ashab-ı Kehfimiz" (Diary of an Armenian Youth), which is the subject of the article, is such a work. The researchers who will examine social and political events should consider such works, which will make their research more equipped. In this novel, the author put himself in the place of an Armenian youth and wrote down the events as if he were keeping a diary, and conveyed the events and the general scene in this way.

There is a long and complicated history between Turks and Armenians. Armenians have consistently found a place for themselves in business, the economy, society, and government. Before the Constitutional Monarchy, Armenians began to participate actively in the governmental structure throughout the Ottoman Empire and attained a variety of high posts, including ministerial positions. After the Constitutional Monarchy, they were represented in the parliament by a sizable number of lawmakers as well as by employees and ministers. After the Turkish Republic was established, the same condition persisted. Armenian representatives have served in the Turkish Grand National Assembly from the beginning of the Turkish parliament. Atatürk also allocated quotas for the minorities for their deputies and allowed them to enter the parliament. In this article, you will find the activities of the deputy and parliamentary Armenian citizens who served in the Turkish Grand National Assembly between 1923-1946.

There is a long and complicated history between Turks and Armenians. Armenians have consistently found a place for themselves in business, the economy, society, and government. Before the Constitutional Monarchy, Armenians began to participate actively in the governmental structure throughout the Ottoman Empire and attained a variety of high posts, including ministerial positions. After the Constitutional Monarchy, they were represented in the parliament by a sizable number of lawmakers as well as by employees and ministers. After the Turkish Republic was established, the same condition persisted. Armenian representatives have served in the Turkish Grand National Assembly from the beginning of the Turkish parliament. Atatürk also allocated quotas for the minorities for their deputies and allowed them to enter the parliament. In this article, you will find the activities of the deputy and parliamentary Armenian citizens who served in the Turkish Grand National Assembly between 1923-1946.

In line with the stages that humanity has gone through, the technique of putting information on paper with symbols has evolved gradually. Modern printing techniques evolved from early printing techniques and materials. Subjects of the Ottoman Empire closely followed advances in Europe, and the printing press was introduced there. Armenians significantly advanced printing and publishing in the Ottoman and Turkish Republic eras. They established printing facilities and published books, periodicals, newspapers, and other things. While carrying out these activities, they sometimes received awards, but they had problems in some periods. Due to some of the contents in the materials they published, they were punished such as closing the newspapers and magazines, having the books confiscated, or not being brought into the country. The Turkish government has also closely followed materials published abroad. While examining the minority press in the Ottoman and Turkish Republics, this article focuses on the Armenian press.

Wilayah Kabupaten Malang merupakan suatu kawasan yang permintaan akan produk-produk perikanannya cukup besar. Perkembangan konsumsi ikan perkapita masyarakat Kabupaten Malang pada tahun 1997 dan I998 adalah 14,02 dan 14,23 kg/perkapita/tahun, sedangkan target nasional 22,5 kg/perkapita/tahun. Untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut masyarakat Kabupaten Malang mengusahakan dengan berbagai cara disamping produksi ikan dari kawasan sendiri juga mendatangkan dari Iuar daerah . Kawasan ini memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang potensial khususnya kawasan subur dan perairan umum yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan pemenuhan protein hewani masyarakat. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) memetakan usaha budidaya perikanan air tawar di wilayah Kabupaten Malang (2) menentukan daerah-daerah yang sangat mendukung untuk usaha budidaya air tawar (3) sebagai upaya identifikasi potensi dan komoditas budidaya air tawar di Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey di 35 kecamatan di Kab...

The Matossian brothers were prominent Armenian immigrants who founded Egypt's largest tobacco factory and employed up to 70,000 workers. Their success in the tobacco industry made them influential members of the community, and their legacy lives on in the impact they had on Egypt's economy and society.

The article discusses the active role played by the UK Armenian diaspora in the Armenian problem. The author describes the history of UK Armenians, their institutions and their relations with society. The author also examines the role played by the UK Armenian Community in the Armenian question

“Armenian Diaspora in Britain and the Armenian Question”, Ermeni Araştırmaları, September-October-November 2001, No: 3, pp. 234-258. 1303-068X ISSN ve/veya E-ISSN: 2687-3214

Գիրքը նուիրուած է Խաչենի իշխանութեան տարածքի միջնադարեան յուշարձանների
ուսումնասիրութեան պատմութեանը: Պատմական տարբեր վաւերագրերի հիմամբ
ամբողջացուել են խնդրին վերաբերող բոլոր նիւթերը, ինչպէս հայ, այնպէս եւ օտար
հետազօտողների աշխատանքները: Առանձին բաժնով ներկայացուած են նաեւ քննարկուող երկրամասի միջնադարեան յուշարձանների պեղումների համառօտ արդիւնքները:

The book is dedicated to the history of the study of medieval monuments on the territory of
Khachen princedom. On the basis of various historical documents, all materials related to the
problem, both the work of Armenian and foreign researchers, have been summarized. A separate
section also presents brief results of excavations of medieval monuments of the region under
discussion.

This article analyses the 1871 translation of The Count of Monte Cristo printed by the Egyptian private press Wādī al-Nīl and undertaken by the translator Bishāra Shadīd. Unlike the previous Arabic translation of the novel (Beirut 1866), which aimed to recreate the original novel in its full length, structure and even word order, Bishāra Shadīd radically reshaped Dumas' novel into an abridged version that wears the clothes of an Arabic maqāma, which is a text in rhyming prose. This article argues that the success of the 1871 Arabic translation by Bishāra Shadīd was due to several factors: the specific rhymed prose form that echoed the oral narratives of Arabic epics; the adventurous character of the story; and the values of revenge and long-awaited justice that underlay it. These values appealed to readers across the Eastern Mediterranean and were embodied in the phantasmagoric protagonist of Dumas' novel, Edmond Dantès, and in Napoleon, the overarching political hero in Dumas' works. Through an analysis of the translation strategies adopted by Bishāra Shadīd, the article also suggests that the work can be regarded as an example of 'popular literature' (letteratura popolare) as defined by Antonio Gramsci. It is, above all, a translation that conveys the political and social aspirations of a social class through a process of "domestication", through which a nineteenth-century European novel finalized for individual reading became a rhymed prose text, possibly used for collective reading and listening.

1923 թ. Լոգանի կոնֆերանսում մեծ տերությունների հավաքական կամքով տապանաքար դրվեց Սևրի դաշնագրի վրա: Այդ կոնֆերանսը հանդիսացավ ոչ միայն հայկական հարցի գերեզմանումը, որն առաջին աշխարհամարտի տարիներին և հետպատերազմյան քաղաքական սակարկումների շրջանում տևականորեն չարչրկվում էր վերսալյան համակարգի դիվանագիտական ատյաններում, այլև վերջնականապես փակեց քրդական հարցը, որը նույնպես Աևրի դաշնագրի ծնունդ էր, սակայն մեռավ առանց հասակ քաշելու: Միանգամայն իրավացի է Արշակ Սաֆրաստյանը, երբ դառնությամբ գրում է, որ չնայած իրենց տված բազում խոստումներին և Աևրի դաշնագրի տակ դրած ստորագրությանը, դաշնակցային տերությունները Լոգանում «ծախեցին և Քբդսաանը և Հայաստանը» Ի տարբերություն հայկական հարցի, որը չնայած իր ձախողմանը, այնուամենայնիվ քննարկման հարց հանդիսացավ Լոգանում, քրդական հարցը առհասարակ դուրս մնաց քննարկումների օրակարգից, որովհետև դեոևս 1921 թ. դաշնակիցները փաստորեն հրաժարվել էին քրդերի ազգային ինքնորոշման պահանջ աոաջադրելուց 2 : Կոնֆերանսում քրդական հարցը քննարկվեց գւխավորապես որպես Մււսուլի խնդրի բաղկացուցիչ մաս: Ի դեպ, Վերսալի կոնֆերանսում անհաջողության մատնվելով իր տարածքը Իրաքյան Քրդստանի հաշվին ընդարձակելու հավակնությունից, Իրանը Լոգանում կրկնեց իր այդ պահանջը՝ 1922 թ. դեկտեմբերի վերջին դիմելով Անգլիայի, Ֆրանսիայի և Իտալիայի ներկայացուցիչներին, որպեսզի նրանք Թեհրանի նկատմաբ դրսևորեն «բարյացկամություն» և իրանա-թուրքական «Քրդստանյան սահմանը» վերանայեն հօգուտ Իրանի: Որպես իր այգ պահանջի հիմնավորում, իրանական դիվանագիտությունը վկայակոչում էր այն, որ 1919 թ. օգոստոսի 9-ի անգլո-իրանական պայմանագրին համապատասխան, սւնգ

В статье описана история основания и становления одного из
самых интересных армянских журналов Константинополя. В истории  армянской прессы Константинополя свое особое значение имеет  театральный журнал ‘’Кулис’’. Ежемесячник сыграл заметную роль в  развитии культурно-исторической концепции истории города.  Новизна работы определяется недостаточной изученностью такого  типа журнала в истории армянской прессы.
Журнал, посвященный проблемам различных искусств, был  ярким показателем развития культурной жизни константинопольских
армян.
Знакомство с ‘’Кулисом’’ помогает понять и почувствовать ту
атмосферу творческих исканий, тот взлет культурной жизни в стране,  которую имели армяне.
Ежемесячник занял особое место в армянской театральной  критике. Журнал очень содержательный.

The dominant consensus in both the scholarly and popular discourse
regarding the aesthetics of woven prayer rugs generally assumes such rugs to
be of Islamic origin. This dominant consensus, what I will here refer to as the
'Islamic thesis', has continued to enjoy its privileged position, partially due to
an absence of works investigating a specifically Armenian or Christian tradition
of rug weaving, and this lacuna helped reinforce the popular perception that
the evolution and advancement of rug weaving, its techniques, symbolism, and
economy, was primarily an Islamic phenomenon. Despite these assumptions,
historical references confirm that Armenian prayer rugs were woven by
Armenians well before the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. In what
follows, I lay out some preliminary observations, based on both the comparative
study of specific rug designs and the limited secondary literature on Armenian
prayer rug design, which can open new avenues for thinking through the
latter's influence in the history of woven rugs. Given that the mainstream -
consensus on prayer rug design and its history shows little acceptance of the
idea of a specifically Armenian or Christian influence, the argument I am
presenting here could be understood to represent t a somewhat revisionist
interpretation of the subject. Nevertheless, I believe there is a case to be made
that Armenians have played a significant role in the history of prayer rug
weaving, and this short piece presents a preliminary study in this regard.

Criticism of the Armenian contribution to rug weaving and design has often hinged on two related claims: first, that as a Christian nation, Armenians were not influential in the aesthetic design of oriental rugs, and two, that Armenians were not significantly involved in the manufacture and production of such woven artifacts. This paper addresses the second claim by focusing on a period spanning the 1890s to 1910s, generally considered key decades in the manufacture and global circulation of oriental rugs. The paper demonstrates that, contrary to the claim that Armenians were generally absent from the manufacture of oriental rugs, Armenians were significantly involved in every part of the oriental rug economy's value chain, as owners, managers, weavers, labourers, and traders. Violent persecution and pogroms against the Armenians, moreover, made many Armenians dependent on wages earned from oriental rug manufacture.

The present volume’s content considers texts in travel literature from the 15th to the 18th centuries which are concerned with Cyprus. The volume suggests various approaches which point to fertile avenues which research on travel literature in general might take. The volume consists of three parts. The first, entitled ‘Zefyros’, starts with an essay by Jacques Bouchard on travel in the Eastern Mediterranean and continues with an account by Leonora Navari of the collection of travel literature made by Sylvia Ioannou – it is from that collection that the digital library of the Zefyros research programme was formed. The last item in this, the introductory part, is a systematic outline of the methodology, research tools and database of the research programme written by its academic supervisor, Julia Chatzipanagioti- Sangmeister.
The title of the second part is ‘Travellers and Travel Literature’. This part contains studies concerned either with journeys which exerted great subsequent influence or with texts that constitute milestones – milestones either for given classes of travellers with common cultural characteristics or for travel literature as a genre.
‘Representations of Space and People’ is the title of the third part, which groups together studies which emphasise travel literature’s accounts of Cyprus as a geographical space and of its human population.

Osman Nizami Paşa, askeri ve bürokrasi alanında birçok kademede Osmanlı Devleti’ne hizmette bulunmasına rağmen ismi günümüzde fazla duyulmamış olan bir devlet adamıdır. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Babası Ali Nizami Paşa ile birlikte Alman İmparatoruna gönderilecek nişan için oluşturulan heyetin içerisinde yer almasından itibaren başlayan devlet hizmeti, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşuna kadar devam etti. Roma Büyükelçiliği’nde Ataşemiliter olarak başladığı mesleki kariyeri, 1908-1913 yılları arasında Berlin elçiliği, Said Halim Paşa kabinesinde Nafia Nazırlığıyla sürdü. 1. Dünya Savaşında Romanya Askeri Valiliği görevi sonrasında, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son Roma elçisi olarak devletteki son görevini gerçekleştirdi.
Biyografi alanında her geçen gün artarak devam eden çalışmalara bir yenisini ekleyen Dr. Rıdvan Kaşıkçı dönemin arşiv kaynaklarından, süreli yayınlardan, hatıratlardan ve emekli sandığı arşivinden bu eseri ortaya çıkardı. Dönemin diplomatik ilişkilerine, uluslararası siyasete ve son dönem Osmanlı Devlet adamı profiline ışık tutacaktır.

The monographic issue will deal with the settlements of religious minorities in their Mediterranean places of exile during the Early Modern Period.

Deadlines:
Proposals with a 250 words ABSTRACT until 2nd Abril 2023.
Article submissions 31st July 2023.
Language: English or French
Journal: Diasporas. Circulations, migrations, history (June 2024)

ENG
The collection includes the interview with the famous Spanish novelist, thinker, and great philanthropist G. H. Guarch, as well as his letters. The original interview presents us his work, juxtaposing the history of the Armenian people and the horrific images of the Armenian Genocide, responding to the challenges of our troubled times. Urgent issues of literature, art, history, and politics are discussed and analyzed through the interview. In the second section "Letters", the realization of the main aesthetic principle continues, presenting interest not only in the context of Spanish and Armenian philology, but also in the context of the reformation of our history itself.


ESP
El libro G. H. Guarch: Una entrevista para la historia de
Anahit Margaryan no solo parece un documento o
manuscrito original y de un carácter inédito asombroso,
sino que sirve como puerta de conocimiento a la obra del
escritor Guarch, así como, de una forma sintética pero
asombrosa, a la misma historia del pueblo armenio y el
terrible Genocidio (lo que ocupa la mayor parte de la
entrevista, aunque no solo). Sus obras hablan sobre toda su
historia y la entrevista llega hasta hablar del último
conflicto en Nagorno Karabaj, en el presente, y se produce
una simbiosis muy especial entre entrevistado y
entrevistadora, por lo que este documento parece de
especial interés para la filología hispánica en general y el
propio devenir de nuestra historia.