Kashi
 Kashi | |
|---|---|
biogenic substance type (en)  da class of anatomical entity (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
portion of solid body substance (en) , excrement (en) da particular anatomical entity (en) |
| Amfani |
manure (en) da dry animal dung fuel (en) |
| Karatun ta | biology |
Kashk, kishk, ( Persian Kašk, Turkish ), ( Sorani Kurdish ) qurat, qurt, kurut, kurt, qqet, jameed, shilanch ( Tuvan and Kyrgyz , Kazakh , Turkish , Turkmen , Azabaijan da Uzbek , Tajik: ƙурут, Persian ), chortan ( Armenian chort'an ), aaruul ko khuruud ( Mongolian : ааруул ko хурууд ) nau'ikan kayayyakin kiwo ne da suka shahara a abincin Iran, abincin Caucasian, da abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya . Ana yin Kashk ne daga yogurt da aka tace, ana tace madarar shanu (musamman, ana tace qatiq ) ko kuma ana tace madarar tsami ta hanyar siffanta shi sannan a bar shi ya bushe. Ana iya yin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ana naɗe shi a cikin ƙwallo, a yanka shi a yanka, sannan a yi shi a gunduwa-gunduwa.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan abinci guda uku masu wannan suna: abinci da aka yi da madara mai laushi kamar yogurt ko cuku ; abinci da aka yi da miyar sha'ir, burodi, ko gari; da abinci da aka yi da hatsi da aka haɗa da madara mai laushi.
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Asalin Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga Farisanci na Tsakiya (kšk' / kašk), ana tsammanin ya fito ne daga (hwš- / hōš-, "bushe") dangane da tsarin fermentation wanda ya ƙunshi bushewa a ƙarƙashin rana, [1] An ba da kalmar ga harsuna da yawa ciki har da Larabci, Syriac, Turkish, Azerbaijan da sauransu da yawa. [2]
A cikin harsunan Turkawa, ana kiransa da qurut/kurut. Qurut ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili ta Turkic quru-t ('don yin busasshe').
A cikin Armeniya - chortan ( chor yana nufin "bushewa", yayin da tan shine madarar shanu, ragowar ruwan da aka samu daga yin man shanu). []
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsarin kashk na da, wato porridge na hatsi da aka jika da whey sannan aka busar da shi a rana. Tsawon lokacin da kashk ke ɗauka da kuma darajar abinci mai gina jiki ya sa ya zama abu mai amfani ga manoma a lokacin hunturu, da kuma sojoji da matafiya. Kashk shine asalin tarhana da ake samu a cikin abincin zamani na Turkiyya da Girka, inda ake kiransa trachanas ( τραχανάς ). [3]
Kashk na zamani yawanci abinci ne na busasshen madarar madara wanda za a iya niƙa shi a mayar da shi manna da ruwa. [4] Ana iya amfani da wannan foda mai kauri don yin kauri da miya da kuma inganta ɗanɗanon su, ko kuma a matsayin sinadari a cikin nau'ikan nama, shinkafa ko kayan lambu. Busarwa yana ba da damar tsawon rayuwar samfurin. [5]
Kashk kuma shine babban abincin da ake ci a Iran wanda aka fi sani da kashk-e bademjan . [6]
Kashk a cikin harsuna daban-daban da al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya samun kayayyakin kiwo na Kashk a cikin abincin Iran, Tajikistan, Iraki, Siriya, Masar, da Caucasus . [1] [2] [3] A wasu harsuna ana kiransa kashk ko kishkh, ( Persian , Tajik , Arabic , Kurdish , Turkish ), qurut a wasu ( Tajik , Kazakh , Turkish , Turkmen , Uzbek , Kyrgyz , Pashto , Shor , Khakas Akwai sunaye daban-daban na wannan nau'in abinci, ciki har da jameed ( Arabic ) ), chortan ( Armenian ) da aaruul, khurud ( Mongolian ) An ambaci Chortan a cikin waƙar Armeniya ta ƙarni na 19 mai suna Daredevils of Sassoun, wadda aka ce ta dogara ne akan al'adar baka ta ƙarni na 8. [4] [5]
A cewar Francoise Aubaile-Sallenave, farkon wanda aka sani da amfani da kalmar a adabi ya fito ne daga masanin tarihin Armeniya Yeghishe . [7] An kuma ambaci kalmar Kashk a cikin rubutun Farisa ta Tsakiya Xusraw ud rēdag a cikin siffa mai suna: ārd ī kaškēn. [8] Shahnameh na Farisa na ƙarni na 10 ("Littafin Sarakuna") ta Firdausi ana amfani da kalmar a ma'anar "garin sha'ir", amma kuma ana amfani da ita don cakuda alkama da aka fasa da sha'ir. Aubaile-Sallenave ya yi jayayya cewa asalin kashk na Farisa da aka sani daga farkon adabin Farisa an yi shi da sha'ir wanda ke ɗauke da cakuda yisti da ruwa ko kuma wani madarar da aka yi da aka yi da madara. Don amsa tambayoyi game da ma'anar zamani a Iran don abincin kiwo da aka busar, ta yi jayayya, "masu kiwo na Iran, waɗanda suka yi amfani da madarar tsami da aka busar a gare su, kuma waɗanda ba su da sauƙin samun sha'ir, sun yi amfani da kalmar kashk ta hanyar kwatanta da madarar tsami da aka busar". Charles Perry ya bayar da wani bayani daban dangane da littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 Wasf al-Atimah al-Mutadah wanda ya ce busasshen yogurt kashk ne irin na Turkomen .
Wani littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 10 ya bayyana nau'ikan kashk guda biyu, ɗaya da aka yi da alkama da yisti da kuma ɗayan da madara mai tsami. A zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani kalmar tana da ma'anoni guda biyu, ɗaya tana nufin garin sha'ir ko cakuda sha'ir da alkama da aka fasa, ɗayan kuma tana nufin abincin nama ko kaza da aka dafa cikin dare ( kashak ko kashba).
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Mahmoudi, Sepideh (December 20, 2022). "Comparison of traditional Doogh (yogurt drinking) and Kashk characteristics (Two traditional Iranian dairy products)" (PDF). Pelegia Research Library.
- ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbrill - ↑ Iranmanesh, Mahdieh (2018). "SPME/GC-MS characterization of volatile compounds of Iranian traditional dried Kashk". International Journal of Food Properties. 21 (1): 1067–1079. doi:10.1080/10942912.2018.1466323.
- ↑ Shiroodi, Setareh Ghorban; Mohammadifar, Mohammad Amin; Gorji, Elham Ghorbani; Ezzatpanah, Hamid; Zohouri, Nilofar (2012). "Influence of gum tragacanth on the physiochemical and rheological properties of kashk"". Journal of Dairy Research. 79 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1017/S0022029911000872. PMID 23171586. S2CID 43020826.
- ↑ Moraba, Kareh (2016). "The Story of Kashk". Gastronomica. 16 (4): 97–100. doi:10.1525/gfc.2016.16.4.97. JSTOR 26362399.
- ↑ Gueriguian, John L (2005). "Foods and Drinks in Fifteenth Century Anatolia, as Recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiasti". Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies. 14: 155–166.
- ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-21.
