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From 1885 until 1908 Leopold II was not only the King of Belgium but also the personal owner of the Congo Free State. The policy outcomes during his reign turned out to be fundamentally different in the two countries: Whereas in Belgium he improved living conditions, in the Congo he established a brutal tyranny. This paper analyses the reasons for these different leadership styles of Leopold II by means of the 'selectorate theory'. The selectorate theory explains policy outcomes as a function of governance institutions. It assumes that the ruler maximizes his own utility which means first of all to sustain himself in power. Under Belgium's governmental institutions Leopold II required broad support from the general public but in the Congo he only needed a very small group of supporters. To reduce the possibility that Leopold's different leadership styles were caused mainly by racism his period is compared to the reign of the Congolese leader Mobutu Sese Seko.
Historical Social Research – Historische Sozialforschung (HSR) is a peer-reviewed international journal for the application of formal methods to history. Formal methods can be defined as all methods which are sufficiently intersubjective to be realized as an information science algorithm. Formalization means a variety of procedures that match descriptions of events, structures, and processes with explicit models of those events, structures, and processes. The applications of formal methods to history extend from quantitative and computer-assisted qualitative social research, historical sociology and social scientific history up to cliometrical research and historical information science. In a broader sense the field of Historical Social Research can be described as an inter-/ transdisciplinary paradigm.
Historical Social Research – Historische Sozialforschung (HSR) is published by the GESIS -Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. As the largest infrastructure facility in Germany, GESIS offers a variety of services related to the social sciences. Based on original research and experience, the scientific community finds a wide range of services, consultation, data, and information in all stations of the social scientific research cycle.
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