Full project documentation as well as papers in peer reviewed journals and other publications are presented below. In each document, one or more staff members of the ECA&D project team is involved. Together, these documents provide an overview of the project history, the present status and our future plans. Furthermore, links to related activities and organizations and links to additional sources of daily data and analysis tools are presented below.

ECA&D documents
Journal papers
Other publications
Tools
Data

Document describing the methods used for producing blended series and indices, and showing the quality control and homogeneity checks.
ATBD

Document with the ECA&D data policy.
Data policy

Flyer with information about ECA&D.
Flyer

van Engelen, Aryan, Albert Klein Tank, Gerard van der Schrier and Lisette Klok, 2008. European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D), Report 2008, "Towards an operational system for assessing observed changes in climate extremes". KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands, 68pp.
ECA&D Report 2008

Klein Tank, Albert, Janet Wijngaard and Aryan van Engelen, 2002. Climate of Europe; Assessment of observed daily temperature and precipitation extremes. KNMI, De Bilt, the Netherlands, 36pp.
Report in low resolution  Report in high resolution  Press release

E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A. Sanchez-Lorenzo, M. Wild, A.M.G. Klein Tank and A.T.J. de Laat, 2015, doi:10.1002/2015JD023640

E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A.M.G. Klein Tank, G. van der Schrier, et al., 2015. International Climate Assessment & Dataset: Climate Services Across Borders. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1, 2015, 16-21, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00249.1
Paper

A. Chrysanthou, G. van der Schrier, EJM. van den Besselaar, AMG. Klein Tank, T. Brandsma, 2014. The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960. Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 2014, 41, 7716-7722, doi:10.1002/2014GL061154
Paper

R. Leander, T. A. Buishand , A.M.G. Klein Tank, 2013. An alternative index for the contribution of precipitation on very wet days to the total precipitation. J. Climate, 27, 1365-1378. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00144.1
Paper

G. van der Schrier, E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A.M.G. Klein Tank, G. Verver, 2013. Monitoring European averaged temperature based on the E-OBS gridded dataset. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), doi:10.1002/jgrd.50444
Paper

E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A.M.G. Klein Tank, T.A. Buishand, 2012. Trends in European precipitation extremes over 1951-2010. Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3619
Paper

Stepek, A., I.L. Wijnant, G. van der Schrier, E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A.M.G. Klein Tank, 2012. Severe wind gust thresholds for Meteoalarm derived from uniform return periods in ECA&D. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1969-1981, doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1969-2012
Paper

G. van der Schrier, G. Horstink, E.J.M. van den Besselaar, A.M.G. Klein Tank, 2012. ECA&D;: A high-resolution dataset for monitoring climate change and effects on viticulture in Europe. In: proceedings of the IXth Intern. Terroir Congres (ed. Benjamin Bois), Université de Bourgogne
Paper

van den Besselaar, E.J.M, A.M.G. Klein Tank, G. van der Schrier, P.D. Jones, 2012, Synoptic messages to extend climate data records, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D07101, doi:10.1029/2011JD016687
Paper

van den Besselaar, E.J.M., M.R. Haylock, G. van der Schrier, A.M.G. Klein Tank, 2011, A European Daily High-resolution Observational Gridded Data set of Sea Level Pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D11110, doi:10.1029/2010JD015468
Paper

van den Besselaar, E.J.M., A.M.G. Klein Tank, G. van der Schrier, 2010. Influence of circulation types on temperature extremes in Europe. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 99, 431-439, doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0153-6
Paper

Hofstra, N., M. Haylock, M. New, P.D. Jones, 2009. Testing E-OBS European high-resolution gridded dataset of daily precipitation and surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D21101, doi:10.1029/2009JD011799.
Paper

Hofstra, N., M. New, C. McSweeney, 2010. The influence of interpolation and station network density on the distributions and trends of climate variables in gridded daily data. Clym.Dyn., 35, 841, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0698-1.
Paper

Klok, E.J. and A.M.G. Klein Tank, 2009. Updated and extended European dataset of daily climate observations. Int. J. Climatol., 29, 1182, doi:10.1002/joc.1779.
Paper

Haylock, M.R., N. Hofstra, A.M.G. Klein Tank, E.J. Klok, P.D. Jones, and M. New (2008), A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950-2006. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20119, doi:10.1029/2008JD010201.
Paper

Begert, M., E. Zenkusen, C. Haeberli, C. Appenzeller and L. Klok, An automated homogenization procedure; performance assessment and application to a large European climate dataset. Meteor. Z., 2008, 17, 5, 663-672.
Paper

Klein Tank, A.M.G., T.C. Peterson, D.A. Quadir, S. Dorji, X. Zou, H. Tang, K. Santhosh, U.R. Joshi, A.K. Jaswal, R.K. Kolli, A. Sikder, N.R. Deshpande, J.V. Revadekar, K. Yeleuova, S. Vandasheva, M. Faleyeva, P. Gomboluudev, K.P. Budhathoki, A. Hussain, M. Afzaal, L. Chandrapala, H. Anvar, D. Amanmurad, V.S. Asanova, P.D. Jones, M.G. New, T. Spektorman, 2006. Changes in daily temperature and precipitation extremes in central and south Asia. J. Geophys. Res., 111 (D16105), doi:10.1029/2005JD006316.
Paper

Moberg, A., P.D. Jones, D. Lister, A. Walther, M. Brunet, J. Jacobeit, L.V. Alexander, P.M. Della-Marta, J. Luterbacher, P. Yiou, D. Chen, A.M.G. Klein Tank, et al., 2006. Indices for daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe analysed for the period 1901-2000. J. Geophys. Res., 111 (D22106), doi:10.1029/2006JD007103.
Paper

Alexander, L.V., X. Zhang, T.C. Peterson, J. Caesar, B. Gleason, A.M.G. Klein Tank, M. Haylock, D. Collins, B. Trewin, F. Rahimzadeh, A. Tagipour, P. Ambenje, K. Rupa Kumar, J. Revadekar and G. Griffiths, 2006. Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 111 (D05109), doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.
Paper

Klein Tank, A.M.G., G.P. Konnen and F.M. Selten, 2005. Signals of anthropogenic influence on European warming as seen in the trend patterns of daily temperature variance. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1-16.
Paper

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and G.P. Konnen, 2003. Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe,1946-99. J. Climate., 16, 3665-3680.
Paper

Wijngaard, J.B., A.M.G. Klein Tank and G.P. Konnen, 2003. Homogeneity of 20th century European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 679-692.
Paper

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and Coauthors, 2002. Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1441-1453.
Paper

Frich, P., L.V. Alexander, P. Della-Marta, B. Gleason, M. Haylock, A.M.G. Klein Tank, T. Peterson, 2002. Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Climate Research, 19, 193-212.
Paper

van der Linden, P., and J.F.B. Mitchell (eds.) 2009: ENSEMBLES: Climate Change and its Impacts: Summary of research and results from the ENSEMBLES project. Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK. 160pp
Report (51 MB)

Klein Tank, A.M.G., F.W. Zwiers and X. Zhang, 2009. Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support of informed decisions for adaptation. WMO-TD No. 1500, 56 pp.
Report

Klok, Lisette, Albert Klein Tank, Michael Begert and Evelyn Zenklusen, 2006. Assessment of the available station density for the gridding and daily data quality/homogeneity. ENSEMBLES project report D5.8.
Report

Klein Tank, Albert, 2004. Changing Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Europe's Climate of the 20th Century.
Report

An overview of several indices, the formulas and the coverage per project.
Report

Klein Tank, Albert, 2002. Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe's climate. Change, 63, 14-16.
Paper

The RClimDex software package provides a friendly graphical user interface to compute all 27 core indices defined by the CCL/CLIVAR/JCOMM expert team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (see below).

The KNMI Climate Explorer presents the possibility to correlate downloadable daily ECA data and extremes indices with a variety of other climate data, like NAO and NINO3 indices, global temperature data, RivDis river runoff data, Hulme/Jones monthly gridded data and selected NCEP/NCAR and ERA reanalysis fields.

The Climate Analysis Team (CAT) website at the University of Exeter has collected material that helps improve the analysis of extreme weather and climate events.

Daily climate data from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute can be freely downloaded from their eKlima website.

German daily station data can be freely downloaded from their website by following the link to Klimadata Deutschland on the left hand side.

Italian data series can be downloaded from ARPA Emilia-Romagna (only in Italian).

Dutch daily station series are available from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI).

Daily data from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) are available from the GCOS Surface Network (GSN) website at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA, USA.