Self-discrimination in the tendrils of the vine Cayratia japonica is mediated by physiological connection

“…Finally, our results have prompted questions regarding the selective coiling behavior demonstrated by C. japonica to their own stems or those of related conspecifics (Fukano, 2017;Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Studies demonstrating this behavior exclusively used potted plants grown from rhizome fragments.…”

“…The wild specimens used here and the potted specimens used by Nakai and Yano (2019) differed in some regard. First, the belowground biomass of potted C. japonica reared in 500-mL pots (started from 20 cm root fragments) would likely be much lower than that of wild C. japonica, which can extend longer than 2 m via the rhizomes (Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Second, the rearing and experimental conditions of Nakai and Yano (2019) included a light intensity of 3,000 lux, which is approximately one tenth of natural light intensity.…”

“…Neighbouring plants were connected via the rhizomes, and this type of connection is referred to as "RHIZOME" in ref. [16]. Electrical potentials were monitored with Ag/AgCl electrodes inserted into the following positions: stems with tendrils (the electrode is denoted by "Tendril"), stems of neighbouring plants (the electrode is denoted by "Stem"), and rhizomes (the electrode is denoted by "Rhizome").…”

“…Although tendrils are more likely to coil around neighbours connected via rhizomes than neighbours connected via stems [16], we selected plants connected via the rhizomes because the presence of rhizomes made it easier to observe the transmission due to the time difference in the arrival of electrical signals at the three electrodes: Stem, Rhizome, and Tendril. In Experiment 1, after the tendril came into contact with the stem, the electrical potential at the Tendril increased before the electrical signal arrived from the stem (indicated by the red circle on the left side of Fig.…”

“…Cayratia japonica (Fukano & Yamawo, 2015) can distinguish between self and non-self by volatiles. Our result partially supports previous tall goldenrod study in recognizing the same genotype (Kalske et al, 2019).…”

“…Finally, our results have prompted questions regarding the selective coiling behavior demonstrated by C. japonica to their own stems or those of related conspecifics (Fukano, 2017;Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Studies demonstrating this behavior exclusively used potted plants grown from rhizome fragments.…”

“…The wild specimens used here and the potted specimens used by Nakai and Yano (2019) differed in some regard. First, the belowground biomass of potted C. japonica reared in 500-mL pots (started from 20 cm root fragments) would likely be much lower than that of wild C. japonica, which can extend longer than 2 m via the rhizomes (Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Second, the rearing and experimental conditions of Nakai and Yano (2019) included a light intensity of 3,000 lux, which is approximately one tenth of natural light intensity.…”

“…Neighbouring plants were connected via the rhizomes, and this type of connection is referred to as "RHIZOME" in ref. [16]. Electrical potentials were monitored with Ag/AgCl electrodes inserted into the following positions: stems with tendrils (the electrode is denoted by "Tendril"), stems of neighbouring plants (the electrode is denoted by "Stem"), and rhizomes (the electrode is denoted by "Rhizome").…”

“…Although tendrils are more likely to coil around neighbours connected via rhizomes than neighbours connected via stems [16], we selected plants connected via the rhizomes because the presence of rhizomes made it easier to observe the transmission due to the time difference in the arrival of electrical signals at the three electrodes: Stem, Rhizome, and Tendril. In Experiment 1, after the tendril came into contact with the stem, the electrical potential at the Tendril increased before the electrical signal arrived from the stem (indicated by the red circle on the left side of Fig.…”

“…Cayratia japonica (Fukano & Yamawo, 2015) can distinguish between self and non-self by volatiles. Our result partially supports previous tall goldenrod study in recognizing the same genotype (Kalske et al, 2019).…”

“…Finally, our results have prompted questions regarding the selective coiling behavior demonstrated by C. japonica to their own stems or those of related conspecifics (Fukano, 2017;Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Studies demonstrating this behavior exclusively used potted plants grown from rhizome fragments.…”

“…The wild specimens used here and the potted specimens used by Nakai and Yano (2019) differed in some regard. First, the belowground biomass of potted C. japonica reared in 500-mL pots (started from 20 cm root fragments) would likely be much lower than that of wild C. japonica, which can extend longer than 2 m via the rhizomes (Fukano and Yamawo, 2015). Second, the rearing and experimental conditions of Nakai and Yano (2019) included a light intensity of 3,000 lux, which is approximately one tenth of natural light intensity.…”

“…Neighbouring plants were connected via the rhizomes, and this type of connection is referred to as "RHIZOME" in ref. [16]. Electrical potentials were monitored with Ag/AgCl electrodes inserted into the following positions: stems with tendrils (the electrode is denoted by "Tendril"), stems of neighbouring plants (the electrode is denoted by "Stem"), and rhizomes (the electrode is denoted by "Rhizome").…”

“…Although tendrils are more likely to coil around neighbours connected via rhizomes than neighbours connected via stems [16], we selected plants connected via the rhizomes because the presence of rhizomes made it easier to observe the transmission due to the time difference in the arrival of electrical signals at the three electrodes: Stem, Rhizome, and Tendril. In Experiment 1, after the tendril came into contact with the stem, the electrical potential at the Tendril increased before the electrical signal arrived from the stem (indicated by the red circle on the left side of Fig.…”

“…Cayratia japonica (Fukano & Yamawo, 2015) can distinguish between self and non-self by volatiles. Our result partially supports previous tall goldenrod study in recognizing the same genotype (Kalske et al, 2019).…”