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Tanis

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
BERJAYATanis
Τάνις (grc)
BERJAYA
Wuri
Map
 30°58′37″N 31°52′48″E / 30.976944444444°N 31.88°E / 30.976944444444; 31.88
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaMisra
Governorate of Egypt (en) FassaraSharqia Governorate (en) Fassara
Markas of Egypt (en) FassaraHusseiniya (en) Fassara
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 43,157 (2006)
Labarin ƙasa
Altitude (en) Fassara 5 m-4 m

Tanis / / ˈteɪnɪs / TAY - TAY ; [1] Ancient Greek grc ; Latin la ) ko San al-Hagar ( Arabic  ; Ancient Egyptian egy ; Akkadian  ; [2] Coptic ko kuma ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ ko ϫⲁⲛⲏ ; Biblical Hebrew

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a tabbatar da Tanis ba kafin Daular Masar ta 19, lokacin da take babban birnin ƙasar Masar ta 14. [lower-alpha 1] Wani rubutu da aka rubuta a haikali da aka rubuta game da zamanin Ramesses na Biyu ya ambaci "Filin Tanis", yayin da birnin da ke cikin Se ya kasance amintacce a cikin takardu biyu na Daular 20 : Onomasticon na Amenope da Labarin Wenamun, a matsayin wurin zama na Fir'aunan da zai zama Smendes . :921

Gine-ginen Tanite da aka fi sani da farko an same su ne tun zamanin Daular 21. Duk da cewa wasu abubuwan tarihi da aka samu a Tanis an same su ne tun kafin Daular 21, yawancinsu an kawo su can ne daga biranen da ke kusa, galibi daga tsohon babban birnin Pi-Ramesses, don sake amfani da su. [4] Hakika, a ƙarshen Sabuwar Masarautar, an yi watsi da gidan sarauta na Pi-Ramesses saboda reshen Nilu Pelusiac a Delta ya lalace kuma tashar jiragen ruwansa ta zama ba za a iya amfani da ita ba. :922

Bayan watsi da Pi-Ramesses, Tanis ta zama cibiyar ikon Fir'auna na Daular 21, sannan daga baya a Daular 22 (tare da Bubastis ). [4] Sarakunan waɗannan dauloli biyu sun goyi bayan halalcinsu a matsayin sarakunan Upper Egypt da Lower Egypt da lakabi na gargajiya da ayyukan gini, kodayake sun yi kama da waɗanda suka yi fice idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka yi fice a lokacin Sabuwar Masarautar. Wani abin mamaki na waɗannan sarakunan shine ginawa da faɗaɗa Babban Haikali na Amun-Ra a Tanis (a lokacin, Amun-Ra ya maye gurbin Seth a matsayin babban allahn gabashin Delta), yayin da aka keɓe ƙananan haikali ga Mut da Khonsu waɗanda, tare da Amun-Ra, suka kafa Theban Triad . [4] Kwaikwayon da aka yi da gangan ga Thebes ya ƙara jaddada gaskiyar cewa waɗannan alloli suna ɗauke da sunayensu na asali na Theban, wanda ya sa aka fi ambaton Thebes fiye da Tanis kanta. :922Bugu da ƙari, sabuwar makabartar sarauta da ke Tanis ta yi nasarar maye gurbin wadda ke cikin kwarin Theban na Sarakuna . [4]

Bayan Daular 22, Tanis ta rasa matsayinta na gidan sarauta, amma ta zama babban birnin ƙasar Masar ta 19. Tun daga Daular 30, Tanis ta fuskanci wani sabon mataki na ci gaban gine-gine wanda ya ci gaba a zamanin Ptolemaic . :922Ya ci gaba da zama a cikin jama'a har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a zamanin Romawa . A zamanin da, wurin zama na bishop-bishop na Tanis, waɗanda suka bi Cocin Orthodox na Coptic .

Nazarin da tono

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BERJAYA
Taswirar farko ta Tanis kamar yadda Jacotin ya zana a cikin Bayani na l'Égypte

Binciken farko na Tanis ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1798 a lokacin mamayar Faransa a Masar da Siriya . Pierre Jacotin, wani injiniya ɗan Faransa, ya zana taswirar wurin a cikin Bayanin de l'Égypte . Jean-Jacques Rifaud ne ya fara haƙa shi a shekarar 1825, wanda ya gano sphinxes biyu masu ruwan hoda waɗanda yanzu haka suke cikin Musée du Louvre . Sai kuma François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette wanda ya haƙa rami tsakanin 1860 da 1864. William Matthew Flinders Petrie ne ya kula da haƙa ramin daga 1883 zuwa 1886. Pierre Montet ne ya ɗauki nauyin aikin daga 1929 zuwa 1956, wanda ya gano babban gidan sarauta na zamanin matsakaici na uku a 1939. Ofishin Jakadancin Faransa (MFFT) yana nazarin wurin tun 1965 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jean Yoyotte da Philippe Brissaud, da kuma François Leclère tun 2013. [5]

An yi ta muhawara sosai kan ko Tanis zai iya zama birnin Zoan na Littafi Mai Tsarki inda Ibraniyawa za su fuskanci bauta ta Fir'aunanci ko a'a. [6] Pierre Montet, yayin da yake ƙaddamar da manyan kamfen ɗinsa na tono ƙasa a shekarun 1930, ya fara ne daga wannan tushe. Yana fatan gano alamun da za su tabbatar da labaran Tsohon Alkawari . Tono ƙasa da kansa ya wargaza wannan hasashe a hankali, koda kuwa yana kare wannan alaƙar Littafi Mai Tsarki har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Sai da aka gano Qantir / Pi-Ramesses da kuma sake fara tono ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Jean Yoyotte ne aka mayar da wurin Tanis a cikin dogon tarihin wuraren da ke cikin delta. [7]

Kango

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ko da yake an yi bincike a Tanis na ɗan lokaci a farkon ƙarni na 19, Auguste Mariette ne ya yi manyan tono-tonen kayan tarihi a can a shekarun 1860. A shekara ta 1866, Karl Richard Lepsius ya gano kwafin Dokar Canopus, wani rubutu a cikin Girka da Masar, a Tanis. Ba kamar Dutsen Rosetta ba, wanda aka gano shekaru 67 da suka gabata, wannan rubutun ya haɗa da cikakken rubutun hieroglyphic, don haka ya ba da damar kwatanta rubutun Girka kai tsaye da hieroglyphs da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton hanyar Jean-François Champollion na fahimtar hieroglyphs .

A cikin ƙarni na gaba, Faransawa sun gudanar da kamfen na tono ƙasa da dama wanda Pierre Montet ya jagoranta, sannan Jean Yoyotte sannan kuma Philippe Brissaud ya jagoranta. :921Na wani lokaci, yawan abubuwan tarihi da ke ɗauke da zane-zanen Ramesses na Biyu ko Merenptah ya sa masana ilmin kayan tarihi suka yi imani da cewa Tanis da Pi-Ramesses a zahiri iri ɗaya ne. Bugu da ƙari, gano Stela na Shekara ta 400 a Tanis ya haifar da hasashen cewa ya kamata a danganta Tanis da tsohuwar, tsohon babban birnin Hyksos, Avaris . Sake gano ainihin wuraren tarihi na Pi-Ramesses ( Qantir ) da Avaris ( Tell el-Dab'a ) daga baya ya bayyana a fili cewa asalin abubuwan da aka gano a baya ba daidai ba ne, kuma duk abubuwan tarihi na Ramesside da kafin Ramesside a Tanis an kawo su nan ne daga Pi-Ramesses ko wasu birane. [8] :921–2

BERJAYA
Kaburburan Sarauta na Tanis

Akwai kango na wasu haikali da dama, ciki har da babban haikali da aka keɓe wa Amun, da kuma wani muhimmin wurin ibada na sarauta na Zamanin Tsakiya na Uku (wanda ya ƙunshi kaburburan Fir'auna guda ɗaya da aka sani ba tare da an yi su ba, an shigar da kabarin Tutankhamun a zamanin da). Binne-kaburburan Fir'auna uku na Daular 21 da 22 - Psusennes I, Amenemope da Shoshenq II - sun tsira daga ɓarnar 'yan fashin kabari a tsawon zamanin da. Pierre Montet ya gano su ba tare da an yi su ba a cikin 1939 da 1940 kuma ya tabbatar da cewa suna ɗauke da babban kundin zinare, kayan ado, lapis lazuli da sauran duwatsu masu daraja, da kuma abin rufe fuska na jana'izar waɗannan sarakuna. [9]

A yau, manyan sassan haikalin da aka keɓe wa Amun-Ra har yanzu ana iya bambanta su ta hanyar kasancewar manyan tubalan da ke nuna ginshiƙai daban-daban kamar yadda yake a sauran gidajen ibada na Masar. Yanzu sun faɗi ƙasa kuma suna kwance a hanya ɗaya, wataƙila girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta ruguje su a zamanin Byzantine. [10] Sun zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fannoni na wurin Tanis. Masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun ƙidaya sama da ashirin. [11]

Manyan allolin Tanis sune Amun; matarsa, Mut; da ɗansu Khonsu, waɗanda suka samar da triad ɗin Tanite. Duk da haka, wannan triad ɗin yayi kama da na Thebes, wanda ya sa malamai da yawa suka yi magana game da Tanis a matsayin arewacin Thebes. [12]

A shekara ta 2009, Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Masar ta ruwaito cewa masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun gano wani tafki mai tsarki a cikin haikalin Mut da ke Tanis. Tafkin, wanda aka gina da tubalan dutse, tsawonsa ya kai mita 15 da zurfinsa mita 5. An gano shi a ƙasa da ƙasa mita 12 a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Da an gina tafkin a ƙarshen Daular 25 - farkon Daular 26.

A shekarar 2011, binciken hotunan tauraron dan adam masu inganci, karkashin jagorancin masanin ilmin kayan tarihi Sarah Parcak na Jami'ar Alabama da ke Birmingham, ya gano ganuwar tubalan laka da yawa, tituna, da manyan gidaje, wadanda suka kai ga tsarin birni gaba daya, a wani yanki da ya bayyana babu komai a karkashin hotunan al'ada. [13] [14] Wata tawagar masana ilmin kayan tarihi ta Faransa ta zabi wani wuri daga cikin hotunan kuma ta tabbatar da gine-ginen tubalan laka kimanin 30 cm a ƙasa da saman. Duk da haka, an yi Allah wadai da ikirarin cewa fasahar ta nuna dala 17 daga Ministan Tarihi na lokacin, Zahi Hawass, a matsayin "ba daidai ba ne kwata-kwata." [15]

Abubuwan da aka gano da kayan tarihi masu mahimmanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin binciken da Montet da sauran masana tarihi suka yi a Tanis, an gano muhimman abubuwa da dama na musamman. Lokacin da Montet ta buɗe kaburburan sarakuna Psusennes I, Amenemope, da Shoshenq II, an gano dukkan ukun tare da kaburburansu cike da dukkan abubuwan da aka yi wa jana'izar asali. Duk sarakuna uku har yanzu ana ƙawata su da abin rufe fuska na zinare da zinariya - wani abu da ba a saba gani ba. [16]

Wani kayan tarihi kuma shine Pectoral of King Amenemope, wani kayan ado da zai saka a wuyansa a ƙirjinsa. [17] Alamar ta nuna alloli mata Isis da Nephthys suna riƙe da scarab mai launin lapis lazuli tare da zane na Amenemope. [17]

A cikin kabarin Janar Wendjebauendjed, Babban Firist na Khonsu a Tanis, an sami jerin kwano da kofuna da aka yi da zinare ta Montet. Ɗaya daga cikin kwano na zinare yana da fure mai launin ruwan hoda a tsakiya. Ana tsammanin furen yana wakiltar Haɗa Ƙasashe Biyu ta hanyar haɗa alamun papyrus da lotus waɗanda sune alamomi biyu na Sama da Ƙasan Masar." [18]

Nassoshin al'adu

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The Biblical story of Moses being found in the marshes of the Nile River (Book of Exodus, Exodus 2:3–5) is often set at Tanis, which is often identified with Zoan (Hebrew: צֹועַן Ṣōʕan).

A cikin fim ɗin Indiana Jones na shekarar 1981 mai suna Raiders of the Lost Ark, an nuna Tanis a matsayin birni da ya ɓace wanda guguwar yashi ta binne shi a da, kafin wani balaguron Nazi ya sake gano shi yana neman Akwatin Alkawari . [19]

Wurin burbushin Tanis, wanda zai iya adana gawawwaki na musamman daga abin da ya faru na ɓacewar Cretaceous-Paleogene, an sanya masa suna ne da birnin. Masanin burbushin halittu Robert de Palma ya zaɓi sunan ne bisa ga mahimmancin Tanis wajen fayyace hieroglyphs, da kuma rawar da ya taka a cikin Raiders of the Lost Ark a matsayin wurin ɓoye na Akwatin Alkawari. [20]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Tanis". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  2. ↑ "Oracc RINAP Ashurbanipal 011". Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2019-07-12.
  3. ↑ Benjamin Mazar, Encyclopedia Miqrait, "Eretz Yisrael", p. 682
  4. 1 2 3 4 Empty citation (help)
  5. ↑ Brewer, Douglas J. (1992). "Cahiers De Tanis I by Philippe Brissaud". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 288: 89–90. doi:10.2307/1357237. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1357237.
  6. ↑ "TANIS (SAN EL-HAGAR): THE LOST GOLDEN CITY DURING THE AGES (ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL STUDIES)". www.jotr.eu. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  7. ↑ "Biography and publications | Jean Yoyotte - Egyptology | Collège de France". www.college-de-france.fr. Retrieved 2025-03-15.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "bard".
  9. ↑ "Treasures of Tanis - Archaeology Magazine Archive". archive.archaeology.org. Retrieved 2025-03-15.
  10. ↑ "TANIS (SAN EL-HAGAR): THE LOST GOLDEN CITY DURING THE AGES (ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL STUDIES)". www.jotr.eu. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  11. ↑ Saleh, Atef M.; Mourad, Sherif A.; Elanwar, Hazem H.; Metwally, Omar K.; Zeidan, Eissa; Adam, Mahmoud A.; Ameen, Mostafa F.; Helal, Khalid R.; Sholqamy, Mohamed S.; Allam, Hussien E.; Ismael, Mohamed A.; Mostafa, Khaled A.; Helal, Hany M.; Elbanhawy, Amr Y.; Grosse, Christian U. (2023-02-04). "The restoration and erection of the world's first elevated obelisk". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 13 (1): 2065. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.2065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29092-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9899242 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36739445 Check |pmid= value (help).
  12. ↑ Gómez, Alba María Villar (2016). "Notes on the cult of the Theban gods at Tanis: a general of Psusennes I". ISIMU (in Sifaniyanci). 18: 271–276. doi:10.15366/isimu2015-2016.18-19.016. ISSN 2659-9090. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  13. ↑ "Space Archaeology - Street plan of Tanis".
  14. ↑ Tucker, Abigail. "Space Archaeologist Sarah Parcak Uses Satellites to Uncover Ancient Egyptian Ruins". Smithsonian Magazine.
  15. ↑ Theodoulou, Michael (May 29, 2011). "Idea of 17 hidden pyramids is 'wrong'". The National. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Treasures of Tanis - Archaeology Magazine Archive". archive.archaeology.org. Retrieved 2025-03-15.
  17. 1 2 Museum, Egypt (2022-08-11). "Pectoral of King Amenemope". Egypt Museum (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-03-15.
  18. ↑ Museum, Egypt (2022-07-30). "Gold Bowl of Wendjebauendjed". Egypt Museum (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-03-15.
  19. ↑ Handwerk, Brian (21 January 2017). ""Lost City" of Tanis". National Geographic. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019.
  20. ↑ Mitchell, Alanna (May 19, 2019). "Why this stunning dinosaur fossil discovery has scientists stomping mad". Maclean's.
  1. ↑ Biblical archaeologist Benjamin Mazar believed that the Year 400 Stela, found in Tanis and datable to the 13th century BC, can be an evidence that the site had some settlement in the 18th or 17th century BC.[3]
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