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Contents PART I STORM-TOSSED PILOTS Preface by the General Editor vii Prologue xi Pius VI (1775-1799) — THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 3-58 Society of Jesus Dissolved by Clement XIV, 4; The New Pope, Pius VI, 6; Pope Visits Austrian Emperor, Joseph II, 11; Burdens of the Papacy, 16; The Tempest Breaks in France, si; Reign of Terror Works Havoc, 27; The Baneful Star of Napoleon, 35; Subjection and Seizure of Rome, 39; Pontiff Dragged into Exile, 47; Stations of Cross and Death, 52. Monk, Bishop, Cardinal, 59; Tiara and Trials, 62; Pope Re-enters Rome, 65; Concordat with Napoleon, 70; Fate of Concordat, 75; Pope Invited to Crown Napoleon, 79; Coronation of Napoleon, 82; Napoleonic Ambitions, 87; Aggressions of Napoleon, 92; Occupation of Rome, 99; Excommunication of Napoleon, 102; Pontiff Dragged from Own Apartment, 104; Pope a Prisoner of Napoleon, 108; A Moment of Weakness, 112; A Glorious Retractation, 115; The Pope Is Free, 117; The Nine Last Years, 122. Pius IX (1846-1878) — REVOLUTIONARY ITALY . . . 131-231 Young Giovanni Mastai, 131; Social Work and Priesthood, 137; Missionary in South America, 140; Archbishop of Spoleto, 142; Archbishop of Imola, 147; Cardinal Mastai, 151; Enthroned as Pope Pius IX, 153; Pius VII (1800-1823) — NAPOLEON BONAPARTE The Mazzinians, 157; Opening Activities of Reign. 160; Ciceruacchio and the Revolutionists, 164; Murder of Count Rossi, 17s; March on the Quirinal, 176; Pontiff Escapes from Rome, 179; Roman Republic Inaugurated, 183; Exile at Gaeta. Immaculate Conception Defined, 186; Fall of Roman Republic, 188; Pope Resumes Duties in Rome, 192; Pontiff Tours His Dominions, 199; Garibaldi and Piedmontese Robberies, 201; Syllabus. The Garibaldians, 206; Vatican Council Opens, si 1; Papal Infallibility, 216; Piedmontese Invade Rome, 222; Silver Jubilee of Pontificate. The End, 228. PART II :: WATCHERS ON THE VATICAN Pius X (1903-1914) — "MODERNISM" — GALLICANISM . . 235-304 Pontificate of Leo XIII, 235; Giuseppe Sarto Becomes Pope, 239; From Village Home to Priesthood, 241; Curate of Tombolo, 248; Salzano and Treviso, 250; Bishop of Mantua, 254; Cardinal-Patriarch of Venice, 261; Science, Arts, and Social Works, 269; Now Pius X, 272; France: Law of Associations, 275; Important Encyclicals, 280; "Modernism," 283; Social Action. Internal Reforms, 287; Eucharistic Renewal, 291; Codification of Canon Law, 293; Pontiff of the Liturgy, 295; Works of Zeal and Charity, 297; The Great War. Farewell, 301. Pius XI (1923-1939) — ATHEISTIC TOTALITARIANISM . . . 305-359 Peace Efforts of Benedict XV, 305; Early Career of Achille Ratti, 312; Prefect of the Ambrosian Library, 315; Diplomatic Mission in Poland, 320; Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan, 327; Pope Pius XI. The Roman Question, 329; L' Action Francaise. The Fascists, 331; Pius XI's Concern for World Welfare, 335; The Lateran Accord, 338; Social and Economic Interests, 341; The War Against God, 344; Rise of Hitlerism, 351; Labors and Encyclicals, 354; His Works Are His Monument, 358. Epilogue 361 Appendices 365 Bibliography 371 Index 375